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浅谈may/might well...与may/might(just)as well…的用法

2024-03-14 来源:钮旅网
中《 囊 季 10.3969/i.issn.1003—6822(j).2013.3.024 2013年第3期 浅谈may/might wel1...与may/might(just)as well…的用法 杨天喜 (云南省昭通市威信县第二中学 摘“657900) 要:本文试图根据几本权威的英文词典和语法参考书归纳总结学生在英语学习过程中对易混句型 语境建议 may/might well…与may/miht(jgust)a8 well…”的一些典型用法,以期能对学生学习英语有所帮助。 关键词:句型may/might well…与may/miht(jgust)as well… 虽然只有一词之差,但含义迥异,稍不注意,容易混 淆。总的来说,may/might as well…是may/might as well…as的省略形式,含比较含义,表示一种建议 (recommendation),后接动词原形、进行时和完成 时;而may/mihtg well…则无比较含义,只是表示一 试就这两个句型的用法作一论述,不对之处,敬请各 位同仁斧正。 一、may/might well…此句型结构中“well”的作 用是暗示较大的可能性,助动词本身只表可能性。” (见夸克等著《英语语法大全>>eso3),其英文解 释为:used to say that something is likely to happen or is 种辩护的理由(justiifeation),后接动词原形和完成 时。下面笔者拟根据一些权威词典和语法参考书, likely to be true.根据此解释,句型may/mihtg well… 的含义主要有以下三点: 记的能力。 3.post—listening stage 分组讨论,之后选一位同学向全班展示本组的思想。 4)回答多项选择题 听后活动的目的是巩固加强学生听力,扩大知 识面,检测学生听力理解能力。 传统单项选择题无助于提高学生听力。老师必 须精心设计一些多项选择题,使学生在真实世界用 英语思维,尤其是在听了诗歌之类的材料后。 五、结论 1)回答问题 鼓励学生回答开放性问题。有些问题考察听力 细节,有些问题考察提问讲话者的态度。问题可以 由老师提出,也可以让学生相互问答。 2)复述或写摘要 听力是一项非常重要的语言技能。我们应该组 织好课堂,找出克服听力教学障碍的有效解决办法。 本文提出的三段听力教学法,每一阶段都有一些吸 引学生注意力的科学有效方法。这些方法使语言获 得变得容易一些,可以有效提高学生听力。教师应 该特别注意学生的接受能力,帮助他们形成科学习 这种方法可以检查学生对材料的理解,培养学 生英语输出能力。 3)讨论 展示讨论主题,提供必要信息后,让学生四五人 惯,有效提高听力能力。 参考文献 1.张清忠.英语教学法[M].湖南:湖南人民出版社.2004. 2.陈云.英语教学法[M].广西:广西大学出版社.2000. 3.马燕楚黄金燕.英语教学法指导[M].湖南:湖南师范大学出版社.2003 收稿日期:20l2~12—2O 作者简介:杨天喜(1970.10一) 男云南省昭通市威信县第二中学高级教师 -6l・ 2013 浅谈may/might well…与may/might(just)as well… 用 L 塑3期 A.意为“have good reasons to do something”,即 It may/might well be true that he beat her.他打 她完全有可能是事实。 It may well be tue thatr we will finish the work by 作“完全有理由,难怪,那么”解,但译成汉语时其具 体含义要根据具体语境做灵活变通处理,不可死译。 例如: He may wel say SO.他完全可以这么说。(或:他 完全有理由这么说。) You might well try again.你再试一下也无妨(也 不无道理)。 Those are excellent photographs and we may well Friday.我们在星期五之前完成那项工作是有可 能的。 It may well be true that she will pass the examination this time.她这次考试及格是有可能的。 另夕 ,“may well+have 一ed”与“might well+ have 一ed,,二者也有区别。前者意义肯定,意为“很 可能”;而后者含有否定意味,意为“本来完全可以 (可能)做某事而实际上未能”。试比较: The team may well have won the fotball game,but be able to use them in our magazine.那些照片很出彩, 应该能用于我们的杂志。(《朗文当代英语词典》 P885) You might well find that you’11 need inoFe by the I don’t know because 1 wash’t there.这支球队很有可 weekend.你应该会发现到周末的时候要的更多。 能已经赢了比赛,但我不在场,所以不知道。 We lost the fotball,but we might well have won if (《朗文当代英语词典》P901) This decision may well be questioned.对这个决 定完全可以提出异议。 You may well be surprised.难怪你会惊讶。(或: one of our players hadn't been hurt.我们输了那场比 赛。不过,要是我们的一个队员不受伤的话,本来是 完全可以取胜的。 你感到惊讶是有道理的。) He may well e prbiased.他很值得表扬。 She is proud of her work,and well she may.她为 同时值得一提的是,may/might well…强调形式 是“Well may/might+主语+渭语+其他”或者 “Well+主语+may/might+其他。(钱歌川, 自己的工作感到自豪,这是理所应当的。 但要注意的是,might well不一定只是过去,有 1982)例如: He may/might well ask that.=Well may/ 时是用来表示一种委婉的、客气的说法。例如: She mjght well ask that.她那样问一声,也是应 该的。 They were confident,as they well might,that the might he ask that.=Well he may/might ask that.他 要是那样问也是应该的。(钱歌川) Wel may you say why!你尽可以问原因呀! Well might the doctor say that she was well experiment wmdd be a Success.他们相信,而且也确 有理由相信,这次试验一定成功。(《新英汉词典》增 补本P1601上海译文出版社1979年3月) B.意为“be very hkely tO do something”,作“很 nourished.难怪医生说她营养良好。 此外,as well…may/might可以等于“and well… may/might”,相当于“and with reason(那也是应该 的)”,此处的as是which之意;而“may/nfight as 可能”解。例如: Her appearance has changed SO much that you may well…”的“as”是表“同样”之意,二者含义也大不相 同。试体会: She hopes that they wiI respond grateful as we11 well not rec% ̄aize her.她的外貌变化如此之大,你很 可能认不出来了。 You could ty the drugstrore,but it may well be they may.(=and well they may which they 1n州 well do)她希望他们将给予感激的答复,而他们也应 该这样。She tok pride,as well she nfight,in her hair. (=and well they might=which they might wel do)她 closed by now.你可以去那家药店,但有可能关门了。 (《朗文当代英语词典11995年最新版P1624外语教 学与研究出版社) What you say may well be true.你所说的有可能 是事实。 C.和it连用构成句型结构It may/might well be true+that-从句等于It is likely/possible that+从 以自己的秀发而骄傲,这也是理所应当的。 Old residents speak of it with considerable afection,as well they might.(=and well they might.) 老居民们谈起此事时无不亲切万分,这也是合情合 理的o She is proud of her son,and well she may.她 句,意为“做……是有可能的”。例如: ・以自己的儿子为荣,这也是应该的。(钱歌川《英文 62・ 2013 浅谈may/might well…与may/might{just)fits well…帕用法 第3搠 疑难详解》) 本P1725) Marilyn looked guilty when she saw me,as well I mihgt as well die sa malty ihm.我与其嫁给他, she might.Marilyn看到我时带有歉意,这也是合情 倒不如去死算了。 合理的。(《朗文当代英语词典》1995年最新版 Business is terrible.I mihgt sa well pack印.生意 P1625外语教学与研究出版社) 很不好做——我还是关门算了。 二、may/might sa well…又有哪些含义和用法 In that case,I might as well bring them back with 呢?根据《朗文当代英语词典》(P1624 1995年最新 me.那样的话,我还不如拿回去。 版)的英文解释: hTere is nothing to do.SO I may姻well go tO bed. a)informal used when you don’t particularly want 没什么事可做,我还是上床睡觉好了。 to do something but you decide to do something.例如: He decided that he miihgt as wel have it out with I suppose we may sa well get started.我们还是马 them.他决定还是和他们把问题谈清楚的好。 上开始的好。(《牛津英汉双解词典)P1307) You are not(physically)strong,SO you may as b used to mean that another course of action well take crae of your health.你的体格不壮;因此最 would have an equally good result.例如: 好注意健康。  .The taxi was 80 slow.We might just as well have I expect I might sa well be going.我看我也该走了。 gone on the bus.出租车太慢了,我们倒不如坐公交车。 B.“may/might(just)as wel+ ・原形。’’表示 C)(usually spoken)used to suggest doing “某种讥讽或者不情愿的建议(a sardonic or erluctant somethingthat you do not reallywantto do,because you recommendation)”,此种情况下通常省略比较状语从 have no better ideas.(通常用于口语)用来建议做并 句,常译为“还不如,无异于,等于是说,还是……的 不是太想做的事情,由于没有更好的选择又只能如 好(with equal reason,advantage,justiifeation,ete)” 此。这个搭配的表达有点像汉语中的让步状语从 等意。例如: 句,经常会在翻译时加上“既然”“反正”之类的词加 You mihgt just as well go(as not).=There is 强相应的语气。例如: just much to be said in favour of going as there is You'l need a new suit at Spring Festival anyway. against.你去也好,不去也好。(《牛津现代高级英汉 You mihgt sa well have it now.反正你春节也得添一套 双解词典)P703) 新衣服,还是现在添了吧。 Since it is raining hard,you may as well stay here Since Jack wouldn't take up the job,we might as as leave.既然雨下得这么大,你与其离开倒不如待 wel ask Richard to do it.既然杰克不愿意承担这个任 在这儿。 务,我们只好请理查德来干了。 You might as wel tell hte truth(as continue to tell It’S no good waiting for the bus.We mihgt as well lies).(=without worse consequence) walk.反正等公交车是无用的,我们只好走路算了。 你(与其继续撒谎)倒不如还是讲实话的好。 从上面的解释来看,may/might(just)as well… (表“讥讽”)(《新英汉词典》增补本P1602)其意为 的含义主要有三: “Because if you don't tell me,I shall certainly bear it A.“may/might(just)as well…”表示“所含的 from others.” 。 、 意思是一个人做某事,是因为没有更好、更有趣或者 We may as well stya here the night(鹪look ofr a 更有用的事可做。”故常译为“最好,不妨,倒不如, better place elsewhere).(与其到别的地方找个更好 还是……的好”等意。例如: 的住处)我们还不如就呆在这儿过夜。(表“不情愿 You may(just)as well tell me the truth.你还是 (unreluctant)”) 对我说实话的好。(《新英汉词典》增补本P1602) But I might as well have saved my breath.但是这 You may as well keep it a secret.你最好将这件 话还不如不说。 事保密。 You might just as well say that white is black(as Since nobody else wants the job,we might as well say that…)你(那样说)无异于是说白的就是黑的。 let him have it.既然谁也不要这份工作,咱们不妨让 (表“讥讽”)(《牛津现代高级英汉双解词典P1307 他去做吧。(《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第四版增补 商务印书馆/牛津大学出版社》 ・63・ 2013 浅莰may/might well…与may/might(just)as well…的用法 根本不理会。 第3期 You may quite well give illness as an excuse.f with good reason)你尽可把生病当借口。(表“讽刺”) You might as well throw your money into the sea as 在“may/might as well…”句型结构中,有人认为 may和might没有现在与过去之分,而实际情况却并 非如此,而且差别还非常大。例如: Now that they were all there she mihtg as well speak lend it to him.你借他钱不如把钱扔到海里去。 I might as well have been speaking tO a brick wal1. 我还不如对着砖墙说话呢。 C.“mihtg as well+have done something”表“对 过去未做之事不满或者责备”,通常也省略比较状语 her mind.既然大家都在,她不妨把想法讲出来。 Mice thought she might as well wait for a while. Alice心想索性等一下。 从句,强调意义的否定面。常译为“当时还不如 ”……上述两个例子均不能用may as well…来代替, 因为might as well…是表过去。 。例如: Our hohdays were ruined by the weather;we might 有时我们不说may as well…而用can as well… 例如: We cannot well refuse him.我们没有好的理由来 just as well have stayed at home.我们的假期被这种 恶劣的天气糟蹋了。当时还不如呆在家里好。(表 “不满”)(《牛津现代高级英汉双解词典P1307商务 拒绝他。(钱歌川《英文疑难详解》) 另外,还要注意“may/might as well…”句型结 构的否定形式为“may/might aswell not…”。例如: You might as wel not have known it.其实你还不 如不知道这件事情的好。 You might as well not know a thing at all 8s know 印书馆/牛津大学出版社》 We mihtg as well have gone by bike as you suggested.我们其实还不如按你的建议骑自行车去 的好。(表“自责”) The weather WaS SO bad that we miht(jgust)as well have stayed at home.天气太坏了,早知道如此,倒不 it only a little.只知道一点点,不如完全不晓得。 同时需要说明的是,“may/might as well…”可 如呆在家里为好。 I might as well have been speaking to a brick wal1. 以表达上述的意思,但具体表哪种意义,要根据句子 上下文意义和具体语境而定。 He took no notice at al1.我还不如对砖墙讲话好。他 参考文献 1.牛津现代高级英汉双解词典(简化汉字本《牛津高阶英汉双解词典)[K].商务印书馆/牛津大学出版 社1996年.北京. 2.朗文当代英语词典(英语版)1995年最新版[K].外语教学与研究出版社1997年9月. 3.新英汉词典增补本[K].上海译文出版社1979年3月) 4.牛津高阶英汉双解词典第四版增补本[K].商务印书馆/牛津大学出版社)2002年1月. 5.夸克(R.Quirk)等.英语语法大全(A Comprehensive Grammar ofthe English Language)[M].华东师范 大学出版社,1989年. 6.项成东.“谈谈may/might well…与may/mihtg as well…”[J].《大学英 ̄1995年第3期. 7.钱歌川.英文疑难详解[M].中国对外翻译出版公司1982年10月. ・64・ 

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