要求：利用介质常数为2.2，厚度为1mm损耗角为0.0009的介质，设计 一个工
作在5G的4X4的天线阵列。
评分标准： 良：带宽〈7%
优：带宽〉7%且效率大于60% 设计微带天线的第 步是选择合适的介质基板，假设介质的介电常数为 &r，
对于工作频率 即为： f的矩形微带天线，可以用下式设计出高效率辐射贴片的宽度 W，
5G微带阵列天线
1微带辐射贴片尺寸估算
式中，C 是光速，辐射贴片的长度一般取为 飞/2 ；这里e是介质内的导波
波长，即为：
考虑到边缘缩短效应后，实际上的辐射单元长度 L应为:
L —C -2 丄
2 f •. ；e
式中， ；e是有效介电常数，厶L是等效辐射缝隙长度。它们可以分别用下式
计算，即为: 2.单元的仿真
1
；e
Er +1 Er —1 h -5
2
(1 12 )
2 2 w
e.丄\"412h(；。①⑶川 °264) ® —0.258)(w/h+0.8)
由所给要求以及上述公式计算得辐射贴片的长度 L=19.15mm,W=23.72mm采
用非辐射边馈电方式，模型如图1所示：
图1单元模型
此种馈电方式，可以通过移动馈电的位置获得阻抗匹配， 设馈电点距离上宽 边的偏移量为dx,经仿真得到当dx=4mmP寸，阻抗匹配最好。另外，之前计算出 的尺寸得到的谐振点略有偏移，经过仿真优化后贴片尺寸变为 L=19mm,W=23.72mm仿真结果图如图2,图3所示。
Freq [GHz]
图2 S11参数
图3增益图
从图中可以看出谐振点为5GHz计算的相对带宽为2.2%,增益为5.78dB
2. 2 X 2阵列设计
设计馈电网络并组阵，模型图如图 4所示。
图4 2 X2微带天线阵列
图5 S11参数
Freq [GHz]
由S11参数可以看到2X 2阵列天线谐振点为5GHz且此时的S11=-19dB,说明 反射损耗小，匹配良好。相对带宽约为 2.8%。
Name
-1.0000
m2
-57.0000
13.9625 3.3614 -8.5636 -6.8066
m2
XY Plot 13
ml
HFSSDesig n1
Curve Info
____ dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='5GHz' P hi='0deg' ____ dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq二'5GHz' P
m3 -90.0000
TO.oo 79.0000
0.00 —
m4
m3
a -10.00
-20.00
-30.00
一
-40.00 —|i
-200.00
-150.00 -100.00 -50.00
0.00 Theta [deg]
50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00
Radiation Pattern 2
HFSSDesig n1
Curve Info ANSOFT
.dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='5GHz' P hi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Freq='5GHz' P hi='90deg' 图6方向图
由方向图可以看出2X 2阵列天线的增益为13.96dB,第一副瓣电平为-10.6dB , 可知组阵能使天线的增益变高。
3. 4 X 4阵列天线
天线阵列如图7所示：
图74 X4阵列天线
目 n
m2 5.0560 -10.4730
dB(S(1,1))
Setupl : Sw eep dy='12mm'
6 00
图8 S11参数
d—Radiation Pattern 1
HFSSDesig n1
Curve Info
____ dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive
dx仁'60mm' Freq='5GHz' P hi='0deg' ---- dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive
dx仁'60mm' Freq='5GHz' P hi='90deg'
图9方向图
由S11参数图可以看到谐振点在5GHz反射损耗较小，带宽约为2%由方向图 可以看到增益约为19.96dB，第一副瓣电平为-11.79dB。
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