医学英语现病史

医学英语：现病史

医学英语：现病史[History of present illness (HPI/PI)

▲尿痛[micturition pain]

▲少尿〔无尿、多尿〕[oliguria (anuria, polyuria)]

▲大便失禁[fecal incontinence]

▲小便失禁[incontinence of urine]

▲精神不振[lassitude]

▲精神紧张〔抑郁〕[mental stress (depression)]

▲精神混乱[confusion]

▲精神失常[amentia (mental state is bad)]

▲精神状态正常[orthophrenia (mental state is good)]

▲体力旺盛〔缺乏，正常〕[hypersthenia (hyposthenia, euthesia)]

,

现病史书写的重点包括：

一、主诉中病症的详细描述；

二、疾病的开展过程；

三、诊疗经过；

四、目前的一般情况。

1、诱因

·无诱因下[With no inducing factors]

·无明显诱因下[Under no obvious predisposing causes]

·感冒一周后[After getting (catching) common cold for 1 week]

2、病症出现的表达

·有……病症

▲suffer from

▲have an attack of

▲have(fell)

▲begin to fell

▲a feeling (sensation) of……

▲complain (of)

▲……sensation (feeling) in (of) ……

▲[发热]have a temperature (become feverish)

·在……情况下发生

▲活动时呼吸困难[dyspnea on exertion]

▲躺下后即出现咳嗽[Cough occurs soon after lying]

·与……有〔无〕关

▲与……有关[be associated with]

▲与……有关[have (make) relation to]

▲与……无关[have (make)no relation to]

·在……情况下加重〔减轻〕

▲餐后加重[become worse after taking meals]

▲站立后缓解[be relieved by standing up]

▲随呼吸和咳嗽而加重[become more severe with breathing and cough]

·伴有……

▲be accompanied by

3、起病方式

·急性腹痛[acute abdominal pain]

·慢性低热[chronic lower fever]

·爆发性发病[the onset was fulminating]

·骤起胸痛[an explosive onset of chest pain]

·突然起病伴高热[the onset was sudden with high fever]

·突发突止[attacks began and ended abruptly]

·因……而突然起病[the attack is precipitated by……]

·很快发生晕厥[syncope occured rapidly]

·逐渐出现咳嗽咳痰[gradual onset of cough and sputum]

·偶而[occasionally (sporadically, accidentally)]

·反复胸闷心悸[recurrent (bouts of) chest discomfort and palpitation]

·一过性发作[transitory attack]

·连续胸痛[chest pain continually]

·时重时轻[waned and waxed]

·时好时坏[hang in the balance]

·不停地咳嗽[have a fit of cough]

·发作性呼吸困难[paroxysmal short of breath]

·频繁咳嗽[cough frequently (very often)]

·持续性〔间歇性〕[persistent (intermittent)]

·频发胸痛[frequent episodes of chest pain]

·持续不变[be steady]

4、病情变

化描述

·[病症好转] ▲fell better than before

▲take a favorable turn

▲take a turn for the better

▲improve

▲make favorable progress

▲turn for the better

▲change for the better

▲be better

·[病症减轻] ▲alleviate

▲reduce

▲palliate

▲diminish

▲ease(lighten)

▲mitigate

·[病症消失] ▲disappear

▲subside

▲regress

▲clear up

▲vanish

▲dissolve

▲die (fade) away

▲relieve

·[病症加重] ▲be (make,become,get) worse

▲worsen

▲become more severe

▲take a turn for the worse

▲be aggravated

▲increase in severity

▲take a bad turn

▲make (become) more serious

▲make (become) heavier

·[无变化] ▲remain the same as……

▲continue without change

▲be identical

▲be alike

▲be similar

▲resemble

·[时好时坏] ▲wane and wax

▲hang in the balance

·[体温/血压升降]

▲升至[rise (go up) to ]

▲已升至[have risen (gone up) to ]

▲从……升至……[go up from …… to……]

▲升至[be elevated to]

▲迅速下降[fall (decline, abate) abruptly]

▲骤降〔升〕[sudden drop (elevation)]

▲渐降〔升〕[fall (elevate) gradually]

▲缓慢下降[slow crisis (lysis) of ]

▲一天天下降[be (become) lower day by day]

▲开始降低[begin to remit]

▲降至正常[drop (was reduced) to normal]

▲已降至[have gone down (dropped) to]

▲回复到正常[return (revert) to normal]

▲由……降〔升〕至……[fall (elevate) from……to……]

▲维持在……水平[maintain at a level of……]

▲稳定在……[stabilize at……]

▲热退了[fever disappeared]

▲不超过[do not go up over (exceed)……]

▲在……和……之间波动[fluctuate (vary) between……

and……]

▲在……至……范围内[range from……to……]

▲平均38.5℃[an average temperature of 38.5℃]

▲有39.2℃的体温[have fever (a temperature) of 39.2℃]

5、病症的时间表示

·持续 ▲lasted for 2 days

▲have gone on for 1 month

▲have continued for 10 hours

▲lasted on the average 3-5 hours

▲lasted a variable time from 5 minutes to several hours