上海市2017届高三英语二模汇编-六选四

2017年高三英语二模汇编——六选四

One宝山区&长宁区 青浦区 Exoplanets （外行星）:The Hunt Is On

Today scientists believe that planets could outnumber the stars. For centuries, scientists and natural philosophers have proposed that stars in the night sky have planetary systems similar to our own solar systems. The existence of extrasolar planets, or exoplanets, has long been discussed . ___67_ _.Although not the first exoplanet discovery, a planet near a sun-like star was discovered by astronomers in 1995. This kicked off an era of exoplanet hunting, with thousands of discoveries and confirmations following in its wake.

___68__ However, in 2015 NASA’s Kepler space telescope found its first Earth-sized planet in a “habitable” zone. This is the distance from a star where surface temperature of a planet wouldn’t be too hot or too cold for liquid water. So far, only a small slice of our galaxy, the Milky Way, has been explored. Even so, scientist have confirmed over 3500 exoplanets, with more being added every day.

To detect exoplanets, scientists use data from a variety of sources. Large ground- based telescopes, earth- circling and sun- circling satellites all collect different types of information. Because exoplanets are so far away and very lose to stars, it is very difficult to see them directly ____69__. For example, when an exoplanet moves between its star and us, it causes a small drop in the star’s brightness. Measuring this drop is the transit （凌日）method of discovery. NASA’S Kepler space telescope has discovered many exoplanets in this way.

As a planet circles a star, it pulls on it and causes it to shake. __70___. Measuring these slight changes is the radial velocity（径向速度）method of discovering planets. It is one of the most productive methods for finding and confirming exoplanets.

These are just two examples of the many methods scientists use in their hunt for exoplanets, hoping for more information and enhanced detail. As time progresses and technology improves, who knows what else we may find!

宝山区（长宁、青浦区） 67-70 EBAC

A.Scientists use indirect methods to discover exoplanets. B.Most exoplanets are very different from the ones in our solar system. C.As the star moves unsteadily, it changes the wavelength of the light we see. D.Astronomers have detected signals indicating the presence of a planet. E.However, we have developed the technology to prove their existence only in the last few decades. F.Direct detection of the visible light from giant planets in space is becoming increasingly possible. Two崇明区 Section C

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A. Finally, it has taken a giant leap forward. B. All of the factors pushing online education toward the mainstream of higher education are now crashing together. C. Over the past few years, he has been teaching himself programming. D. In other words, Coursera’s approach is a long way from a simple online video lecture. E. Yet the most exciting promise of their company and the like is the role they might play in improving education for the poor around the world. F. Ng’s course in machine learning attracted 104,000 enrollees around the world.

A School That Can Educate Us All

Christos Porios, 16, lives in a small Greek city. “My mother’s a teacher and my father’s a mechanic,” he explains, adding that neither is knowledgeable about computers—especially compared with him. 67 Porios was taking a free class in machine learning offered by Andrew Ng, a professor at Stanford University, over an online platform Ng developed with his colleagues. Drawing on what he learned, Porios was able to participate in the International Space Apps Challenge, a virtual hackathon (编程马拉松) using data from NASA and other government agencies.

If one teenager in one small city can become a genius hacker through an online course, does it mean the world has changed? We have been hearing about the potential of online education for decades. 68 A number of online education platforms have appeared, featuring professors from top universities offering free courses.

69 Ng was amazed. “It would take me 250 years to teach this many people at Stanford,” he says. And so, just one month into the course, Ng and his Stanford colleague, Daphne Koller, decided to leave their faculty posts (教职) and dive into online teaching full-time. In April, they launched their company, Coursera, with a $16 million round of venture funding. So far, it has managed to team up with 35 colleges in nine countries.

To Ng and Koller, Coursera’s mission is simple and yet grand. That is to teach millions of people around the world for free, while also transforming higher education.

According to Ng, the world’s top 20 universities enroll only about 200,000 students. There are million more who could participate in classwork at the higher level, but most of them are far from any of the leading universities. 70

Koller says Coursera’s total registration has hit 15 million. Porios, the young Greek, is only one of those registrants. His hope is to study in Germany or England someday. He is even toying with the idea of taking classes at MIT or Stanford— but this time in person. 崇明区 67-70CAFE

Three 杨浦区 Section C

A. When something comes from within you, you always try your best to analyze it in a scientific way . B. Psychologists call this private speech----language that is spoken loud but directed at 2

yourself C. So words to the self , spoken silently or loud , are so much more than just chatter D. We keep the private speech we use as children inside ------but we never truly put away the out loud version. E. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness. F. Self-talk is efficient because when we are vocal about our thoughts, it makes a larger impact on our brain.

Self-talk helps us all

Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech , you’ll know the social problems it can cause.______67_______

But there’s no need for embarrassment. Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is valuable. Far from being a sign of insanity, self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do , manage our activities and control our emotions.

For example, take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys . You are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and talking about her problems. ______68______We do a lot of it when we are young.

As children, according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsky , we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older, we keep this system inside.

Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking. Our words give us an interesting view of our actions. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person: as “you” rather than “I”_____69_____If you want proof , turn to a sports channel . You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself.

Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different place , just like a regular dialogue , and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.

Both kinds of self-talk -----silent and out loud ----seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking .______70______- 杨浦区67-70 EBDC

Four虹口区 Section C A. The greatest advantage of the tutorial system is the individual attention that students receive. B. Tutorials can be considered the backbone of undergraduate teaching at Oxford. C. Sometimes, the student may leave a tutorial with only a reading list and the title of the next essay. D. Tutorials can greatly enhance the undergraduates’ academic performance. 3

E. The greatest advantage of the tutorial system is the various curriculums that students receive. F. In the mean time, tutorials are also beneficial for developing students’ skills of critical analysis. The Tutorial System of Oxford University

In the University of Oxford, teaching is conducted primarily through the tutorial system. It is one of the most unique and well-known methods of teaching across the world.

The weekly tutorial consists of a one-hour meeting between the tutor and small numbers of students (usually two to four). During this time, an essay prepared specifically for that tutorial is read by students and commented upon by the tutor. At the end of the tutorial, the tutor will assign the topic of study for the coming week and suggest readings. __67__ Meanwhile, they are also complemented by departmental lectures which are conducted on a university wide basis, lab work, and seminars (研讨会) often with groups of perhaps 10 students.

Tutorials have gained their reputation because of the close relationship they maintain between the tutor and the student. The tutorial system provides undergraduates with direct and in most cases weekly contact with tutors in their academic fields. __68__

Before the weekly tutorial, students are required to prepare an essay or other works, which they read or present to the tutor. During each tutorial, students are expected to communicate, debate, analyze and critique the ideas of others as well as their own in conversations with the professor and fellow-students. The tutorial system has great value that it creates learning and assessment opportunities which are highly authentic (可靠的) and difficult to fake, as the student’s work is discussed on the spot.

__69__ The contrast between tutorials and large lectures common in the American universities is obvious. In the typical American university, students are taught by the same specialists, in the same manner, and held to the same standards.

However, during tutorials, students have the opportunity to explore their own ideas directly with experts in particular subjects. __70__ As a result, students must engage in extensive independent reading and research, using the resources available, under the guidance of the tutor.

虹口区 67-70: BFA C

Five黄浦区 Section C

A. But there’s no need for embarrassment. B. If you want proof, turn on the sports channel. C. As we grow older, we don’t abandon this system--we internalize it. D. This so-called inner speech can improve our performance on various tasks. E. Conducting a dialogue with ourselves might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity. F. Psychologists refer to this as private speech—language that is spoken out but directed at 4 the self.

Your Own Best Friend

Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a tricky speech ahead of time, you’ll have felt the social restriction against communicating with yourself in words. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.

67 Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thought. Far from being a sign of insanity, self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, regulate our emotions and even create a narrative of our experience.

Take a trip to any preschool and watch a small child playing with her toys. You are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and giving voice to her frustrations.

68 We do a lot of it when we are young–perhaps one reason for our shyness about continuing with it as adults.

As children, according to the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to regulate our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. 69

Psychological experiments have shown that the distancing effect of our words can give us a valuable perspective on our actions. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we address ourselves in the second person: as “you” rather than “I”.

We internalize the private speech we use as children–but we never entirely put away the out-loud version. 70 You’re bound to see an athlete or two gearing themselves up with a tart phrase or scolding themselves after a bad shot.

Both kinds of self-talk seem to bring a range of benefits to our thinking. Those words to the self, spoken silently or aloud, are so much more than lazy talk.

黄浦区 67-70 AFCB

Six嘉定长宁区 A. The speakers, before speaking, predicted how much the listeners would enjoy hearing them talk,and how interesting and effective the listeners would consider them. B. The reason behind this is that the speakers seem to be able to keep their audience engaged in their stories. C. Listeners could fill in the gaps in the speaker’s story because they had seen the video the speaker was describing. D. Speakers think listeners will most enjoy hearing stories about experiences that the listeners 5

have not themselves had, but our studies suggest the speakers were wrong. E. That because those experiences are so complex that they are nearly impossible for an ordinary person to communicate well. F. As a matter of fact, however, listeners responded much more positively, when they had seen the video, To Please Your Friends, Tell Them What They Already Knew

The research emeraged out of some real-life observations shared by Gilbert and co-authors Gus Cooney and Timothy D. Wilson：“Conversation is the most common of all human social activities, and doing it well requires that we know what our conversation partners most want to hear.___67___”says psychological scientist Daniel T, Gilbert of Harvard University.

“When our friends try to tell us about movies we’ve never seen or albums we’ve never heard, we usually find ourselves bored, confused, and underwhelmed. ___68___. And yet, as soon as it’s our turn to speak, we do exactlly the same thing to our friends – with exactly the same consequences. We wanted to understand why this happens.”Gilbert explains. The researchers decided to do this by conducting a series of experiments.

In their first experiment, the researchers assigned participants to groups of three, with one person acting as the speaker and the other two acting as listeners. Speakers watched a video and then tried do describe it to the listeners. Some of the listeners had seen the video the speakere was describing, and others had not.

___69___. When the speakers were speaking, the listeners rated them on these aspects. The results showed that speakers’ predictions were exactly backwards. Speakers expected listeners to respond more positively to their stories when the listeners had not seen the video they were describing ___70___. Although speakers expected listeners to enjoy hearing about a novel experience more than a familiar one, it was actually the other way around.

A second study showed that when asked to predict their own reactions before hearing the story, listeners made the same mistake that speakers did.

嘉定区长宁区67-70 DEAF

Seven奉贤区

A. There are many ways for parents to deal with the problems. B. The mess can disturb the whole household. C. Parents are all angry at it. D. Humor can help, too. E. Parenting experts also recommend that parents first ask children in a nice way to clean up and agree on a reasonable time limit. F. What doesn’t work, parenting experts say, is constant lectures, verbal threats or getting very angry.

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An 18-year-girl Kayla Perkins explains what is in her bedroom, “I throw something on the floor and I know right where it is.” However, her parents, Steve and Deborah Perkins, of Mckinney, Texas, haven’t caught on. Even Kayla admits that, at the worst, her room is a mess.

Most families at some point have at least one child whose room looks like a landfill. 67 Dirty clothes pile up; dirty dishes get lost in the mess and smell bad; homework is lost; and valuable things are ruined.

Some parents let it go, believing that a bedroom is private space for children to manage as they wish. Others lecture their children, offer rewards for cleaning, or punish them when they don’t. ___ 68____

Mrs. Perkins says they picked up all the clothes on Kayla’s floor and hid them. They cleaned everything up. When Kayla came back to a bare bedroom, there was screaming and shouting, “How can I live without my clothes?” Mrs. Perkins asked Kayla to earn her clothes back by doing housework. These days, she keeps her room clean.

69 For example, since Jessica, the 14-year-old daughter wasn’t bothered by the dirty clothes all over her floor, the whole family started using her room as a place to store dirty clothes. Her attitude changed after her family did that. By the time she gave in and cleaned up her room a few days later, even she was laughing.

70 Children often behave better if you treat them in the way you would want to be treated by your boss at work—with respect and high expectations.

奉贤区 67-70BFDE

Eight浦东新区 A. What accounts for this culture of generosity? B. This belief is central to the national character. C. How can a sense of generosity be cultivated? D. Americans’ generosity is rooted in selfless behavior. E. America’s philanthropic nature is not restricted to the rich. F. The formal practice of philanthropy traces its origin to a Founding Father.

Charity—Humanity’s most kind and generous desire—is a timeless and borderless virtue, dating at least to the dawn of religious teaching. Philanthropy（慈善行为）as we understand it today, however, is a distinctly American phenomenon, inseparable from the nation that shaped it. From colonial leaders to modern billionaires like Buffett, Gates and Zuckerberg, the tradition of giving is woven into the national DNA.

67. ________ Benjamin Franklin, an icon of individual industry and frugality（节俭）even in his own day, understood that with the privilege of doing well came the price of doing good. When he died in 1790, Franklin thought to future generations, leaving in trust two gifts of 1,000 Ib. of sterling silver—one to the city of Boston,

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the other to Philadelphia. According to his instruction, a portion of the money could not be used for 200 years.

While Franklin’s gifts lay in wait, the tradition he established evolved alongside the young nation. 68. ________ Often far less famed men and women have played a critical role in philanthropy’s evolution. One of my personal heroes is Julius Rosenwald, who helped construct more than 5,300 schools across the segregated（种族隔离）South and opened classroom doors to a generation of African-American students.

69. ________ The answer is not just to benefit others. Tax reduction, for one, encourages the rich people to give. And philanthropy has long helped improve the public image of everyone from immoral capitalists to the new tech elite. More troubling, however, are the foundational problems that make philanthropy so necessary. Just before his death, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote, “Philanthropy is praise-worthy, but it must not cause the philanthropist to overlook the circumstances of economic injustice which make philanthropy necessary.”

Franklin’s gifts represent a broader principle. We are guardians of a public trust, even if our capital came from private enterprise, and our most important obligation is ensuring that the system works more equally and more justly for more people. 70. ________ America’s greatest strength is not the fact of perfection, but rather the act of perfecting.

浦东新区 67—70 F E A B

Nine普陀区 A. Our baby was not doing well, so Effie financed my wife's trip to New York for consultation with a specialist. B. Give your help to those in greater need. C. The oddest part of the whole affair is that people whom I help often help others later on. D. Effie worked diligently all her life. E. Pay me whenever you like, said Effie, climbing back into her truck. F. Don' t give it to me all at once, she said. 8

Any apples today? Effie asked cheerfully at my window. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo. On credit, of course. Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just then. ______(67)______

All pretense(借口) of payment was dropped when our funds, food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often, always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood. There were other generosities. _____(68)______

Effie was not a rich woman. Her income, derived from investments she had made while running an interior decorating shop, had never exceeded $ 200 a month, which she supplemented by selling her apples. But she always managed to help someone poorer.

Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time. She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year. \"Here, darling,\" I said, “is what I owe you.______(69)_____ “Give it back as I gave it to you—a little at a time” I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.

The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie, for she died a few weeks later. By now, the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times. But a curious thing began to happen.

Whenever I saw a fellow human in financial trouble, I was moved to help him. I can't afford to do this always, but in the ten years since Effie's death, I have indirectly repaid my debt to her.

______(70)_____ At that time, it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled. So the account can never be marked closed, for Effie's love will go on in hearts that have never known her. 普陀区 67-70 EAFC

Ten松江区&闵行区 A. If you associate with distinguished people, you are likely to find yourself with better opportunities. B. Challenge yourself to expand your business knowledge through interactions with people at regular time. C. In addition, the chances, if any, are low that you can find a satisfactory job in an economic situation like this. D. Once you have a couple of targets, think about why and what interests you. E. That is to say, the people you keep company with determine your character development. F. Job searching under pressure often results in nervous interviewing and decision-making from relatively few options. The worst time to look for a job is when you feel desperate and must have a new one

immediately. 67 If you are not in need of an immediate career change, here are ways you can improve your long-term career prospects today:

Identify at least two different roles. You do not have to be qualified for these positions today, nor do they

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have to exist in your company. However, these roles should be related to your current skill set. They are career options that look interesting. 68 Pay close attention to what appeals to you, and write it down. This will give insight into your motivations and targets.

Subscribe to a career specific magazine. Knowledge is power in the workplace. All businesses must stay relevant to their customers in order to win the competitions and increase revenue (收益). Reading about industry trends, advancements and success stories keeps you in touch with market conditions. This information allows you to see which companies and professionals are leading the pack. You can follow their examples in your own workplace. 69 Do exceptional work. In any role, there is a way to perform at your best. Look for ways to deliver a top performance. Show up early, be flexible to new assignments, have a positive attitude, cooperate with other departments, pay attention to the little details.

Be professionally curious. Talk to people about their careers. Learn more about how success is measured in other roles, departments and companies. Ask people their thoughts on different industries. 70 People hire people. You never know what connections may be relevant when you start your next job search, so develop a habit of making good connections no matter where you go. Take the time to learn about others, and be helpful when you can.

As in all things in life, getting in front of a difficult task early is always less stressful than reacting to a career surprise. Changing jobs is to be expected. No matter how secure you feel today, the time will come when either you or your employer decide it is time to change.

松江区闵行区67-70 FDAB

Eleven 静安区 A. Thus, creativity will be the most valuable thing in the future. B. Customers are expected to pay more money for the extra-special qualities. C. The internet, for example, has made such ads look old-fashioned. D. It has made possible a situation in which customers can tell advertisers what they think. E. Contrarily, there is almost certain to be an increase in every form of advertising in future years. F. The traditional TV advertising campaign will not reach the whole family any more.

The explosion of new media, ranging from the internet to digital television, means that people working in advertising will have to come up with more ways to catch the public’s attention in the future.______67______ No longer will all members be watching the same program: some will be watching different channels on their own TVs, surfing the net or doing both at the same time. The advertising industry will have to work “harder and smarter” to cut through the “mess” of the future with a wide range of new media, all competing to catch the consumers’ eyes.

People have become more individual in their consumption of advertising. New technology has made

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experimenting with new forms of advertising possible. The monologue where the advertisement tells housewives that this is the washing powder they should buy is just a cliché (陈词滥调) now. ______68______ There is, consequently, little hope of them surviving for more than another twenty years. A much closer relationship with the consumer is gradually being created.

The definition of what constitutes advertising will expand well beyond the conventional mass media. Shopping environments will themselves become a part of the advertising process. Increasingly, they will exist not simply to sell goods, but also to entertain people and to make sure that they enjoy their time there. The aim will be to “warm” people towards these places so that they will return to purchase goods there again.

In spite of these and other changes, it is highly unlikely that TV, print and radio will disappear altogether as advertising media. ______69______ But other marketing strategies, such as public relations and direct marketing, will become as important as advertising. Advertising agencies will have to reinvent themselves. They will no longer be able simply to produce advertisements and then support these through PR, direct marketing or the internet. Instead, they will have to change the whole way they look at communication and start thinking about ideas which are not specific to one discipline.

______70______ Originality of thinking has always been in short supply. It will continue to be so in the future. But there will be increasing coston the advertiser’s ability to be imaginative and to think laterally about engaging the consumer in a broader variety of media.

静安区 67-70 FCEA

Twelve徐汇区

A. It’ll make you learn to enjoy what you have, fix what’s broken, and shop for a bargain. B. Spending more is likely to stimulate your motivation for more earning. C. It gives you options and frees you from relying on someone else’s priorities. D. Living with less is the most efficient way to control your financial future. E. Actually, your parents have already given you too much. F. What you want is respect and admiration from other people.

My wife and I recently welcomed a child into the world. His only interest right now is keeping us awake 24/7. But one day, he’ll need to learn something about finance. When he does, here are some suggestions.

1. You might think you want an expensive car, a fancy watch, and a huge house. But you don’t. ______(67)________ You think having expensive stuff will bring it. It almost never does—especially from the people you want to respect and admire you.

2. The road to financial regret is paved with debt. Some debt, such as a mortgage, is OK. But most spending that results in debt is the equivalent of a drug: a quick hit of pleasure that wears off, only to drag you down for years to

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come, limiting your options and keeping you weighed down by the baggage of your past.

3. I hope you’re poor at some point. Not struggling, and not unhappy, of course. But there’s no way to learn the value of money without feeling the power of its scarcity. It teaches you the difference between necessary and desirable. ______(68)_______ These are essential survival skills.

4. If you’re like most people, you’ll spend most of your adult life thinking, “Once I’ve saved/earned $X, everything will be great.” Then you’ll hit $X, move the goalposts, and resume chasing your tail. It’s a miserable cycle. Your goals should be about more than money.

5. Don’t stay in a job you hate because you made a career choice at 18. Almost no one knows what he or she wants to do at that age. Many people don’t know what they want until they’re twice that age. (These are the signs you’re in the wrong career.)

6. The best thing money buys is to control over your time. _____ (69) ________ One day you’ll realize that this freedom is one of the things that makes you truly happy.

7. Change your mind when you need to. I’ve noticed a tendency for people to think they’ve mastered investing when they’re young. They start investing at age 18 and think they have it all figured out by age 19. They never do. 8. Some people are born into families that encourage education; others are from families that are against it. Some are born into flourishing economies; others, into war and poverty. I want you to be successful, and I want you to earn it. But realize that not all success is due to hard work and not all poverty is due to laziness. Keep this in mind when judging people, including yourself.

9. Your savings rate has a little to do with how much you earn and a lot to do with how much you spend. I know a dentist who lives paycheck to paycheck, always on the edge of ruin. I know another person who never earned more than $50,000 and saved a fortune. The difference is entirely due to their spending _____(70) _____. 10. Don’t listen to me if you disagree with what I’ve written. The world you grow up in will have different values and opportunities than the one I did. More important, you’ll learn best when you disagree with someone and then are forced to learn it yourself. (On the other hand, always listen to your mother.)

徐汇区 67-70 FACD

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