People joke that no one in Los Angeles reads. / Everyone watches TV, rents videos, or goes to the movies. / The most popular reading material is comic books and TV guides. / City libraries have only 10 percent of the traffic that car washes have. / But how do you explain this? / An annual book festival in west Los Angeles is \"sold out\" year after year. / People wait half an hour for a parking space to become available.
This outdoor festival, sponsored by a newspaper, / occurs every April for one weekend. / There were about 90 talks given by authors, / with an audience question-and-answer period following each talk. / Autograph seekers sought out more than 150 authors. /
Except for a $7 parking fee, the festival was free. / Even so, some people avoided the food court prices / by sneaking in their own sandwiches and drinks.
PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION
In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. SECTION A CONVERSATIONS
In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.
1. What is the topic of the conversation? A. Business meeting. B. Job interview. C. Market survey.
D. Resignation submission.参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：文中提到I received your job resume last week, and it was very impressive.上周面试官收到面试者的材料，觉得非常好，由此推知话题是工作面试。
2. What is the current position of Mr. Smith? A. Head broker.
B. Marketing manager.
C. Public relations officer.
D. Employee of an insurance company.参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：文中提到As a head broker, I have a lot of experiences in the stock market, I deal with the clients on the daily bases, and I enjoy working with people。
3. What is the result of the interview?
A. The two companies reached a win-win agreement on trade. B. The marketing report will be sent to the woman next week.
C. Mr. Smith seemed to have satisfied the woman in the job interview. D. Mr. Smith got a generous raise instead of resigning.参考答案： C 参
考答案： C
TIP：文中提到Well, you might just be the person we’ve been looking for.可知面试官对应聘者非常满意。 SCRIPT:
W: Please have a seat, Mr. Smith. I received your job resume last week, and it was very impressed. M: Thank you!
W: We are a small financial company trading mostly stocks, and I wonder why you are so interested in working for us?
M: Your company has a good reputation and I don’t think working in a big company is a good choice for everybody.
W: Would you mind telling me a little bit about your present job?
M: I’m currently working in a large company. We buy and sell stocks for major clients worldwide.
W: Why do you think you are the right candidate for this position?
M: As a head broker, I have a lot of experiences in the stock market, I deal with the clients on the daily bases, and I enjoy working with people.
W: Well, you might just be the person we’ve been looking for. Do you have any questions? M: May I get to know what kind of benefits package do you offer?
W: The Personnel Department will give you the details later if we decide to hire you at last. Any other questions then? M: No, not at the moment.
W: Well, I have to discuss your application with my colleagues and we’ll get back to you early next week.
M: OK, thanks, it’s been nice meeting you! SCRIPT:
W: Please have a seat, Mr. Smith. I received your job resume last week, and it was very impressed. M: Thank you!
W: We are a small financial company trading mostly stocks, and I wonder why you are so interested in working for us?
M: Your company has a good reputation and I don’t think working in a big company is a good choice for everybody.
W: Would you mind telling me a little bit about your present job?
M: I’m currently working in a large company. We buy and sell stocks for major clients worldwide.
W: Why do you think you are the right candidate for this position?
M: As a head broker, I have a lot of experiences in the stock market, I deal with the clients on the daily bases, and I enjoy working with people.
W: Well, you might just be the person we’ve been looking for. Do you have any questions? M: May I get to know what kind of benefits package do you offer?
W: The Personnel Department will give you the details later if we decide to hire you at last. Any other questions then? M: No, not at the moment.
W: Well, I have to discuss your application with my colleagues and we’ll get back to you early next week.
M: OK, thanks, it’s been nice meeting you!
Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.
4. Whom did the man speak to the day before? A. Landlord. B. Teacher. C. Repairmen.
D. Policemen.参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：文中提到Well, I went to two different places yesterday; one mechanic said he’d check the coolant level and look for fluid leaks, and the other guy said he thought it was the thermostat.可知男士昨天见过修理师。
5. What did the man complain about? A. Garage.
B. Bus service. C. Assignment.
D. Heavy traffic.参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：文中提到I’ll have to figure out something; the bus service is terrible around where I live.可知男士认为他家附近的公交太差劲。
6. What was the man’s problem?
A. He hasn’t finished his assignment. B. He needed money for the rent.
C. He was fined due to over-speeding.
D. He was involved in a car accident.参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：文中提到You know, tomorrow’s Monday and we’re supposed to turn in our homework in English, but I’m only gotten halfway through it — I’ve just been too busy.可知男士没有完成作业。
7. When did the conversation take place? A. Monday. B. Tuesday. C. Thursday.
D. Sunday.参考答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：文中提到You know, tomorrow’s Monday and we’re supposed to turn in our homework in English可推知谈话发生在星期天。 SCRIPT:
A: Hello, Veronica?
B: Hi, Steve. What’s going on?
A: Oh, my car’s having problems again, but I don’t have the time or the money to get it fixed.
B: Is it really bad?
A: It’s starting to overheat whenever I’m idling or in heavy traffic, and two days ago I had to pull off the expressway and wait until the engine cooled down. B: Have you taken it into a shop?
A: Well, I went to two different places yesterday; one mechanic said he’d check the coolant level and look for fluid leaks, and the other guy said he thought it was the thermostat. I didn’t leave the car with either of them, though, because I didn’t have a ride back.
B: What are you going to do?
A: I really don’t know. I’ll have to figure out something; the bus service is terrible around where I live. Anyway, could I ask you for a favor? B: Of course, what is it?
A: You know, tomorrow’s Monday and we’re supposed to turn in our homework in English, but I’m only gotten halfway through it — I’ve just been too busy. If I came over, would you help me finish it?
B: Sure, I’ll be here all evening. And actually I haven’t finished the homework either; I’ve just been putting it off, so it’s good you’re coming over — I need someone to motivate me. SCRIPT:
A: Hello, Veronica?
B: Hi, Steve. What’s going on?
A: Oh, my car’s having problems again, but I don’t have the time or the money to get it fixed.
B: Is it really bad?
A: It’s starting to overheat whenever I’m idling or in heavy traffic, and two days ago I
had to pull off the expressway and wait until the engine cooled down. B: Have you taken it into a shop?
A: Well, I went to two different places yesterday; one mechanic said he’d check the coolant level and look for fluid leaks, and the other guy said he thought it was the thermostat. I didn’t leave the car with either of them, though, because I didn’t have a ride back.
B: What are you going to do?
A: I really don’t know. I’ll have to figure out something; the bus service is terrible around where I live. Anyway, could I ask you for a favor? B: Of course, what is it?
A: You know, tomorrow’s Monday and we’re supposed to turn in our homework in English, but I’m only gotten halfway through it — I’ve just been too busy. If I came over, would you help me finish it?
B: Sure, I’ll be here all evening. And actually I haven’t finished the homework either; I’ve just been putting it off, so it’s good you’re coming over — I need someone to motivate me.
Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.
8. What is the woman’s main purpose of visiting Quebec? A. Going sightseeing. B. Attending a wedding. C. Visiting her relatives.
D. Having a business tour.参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：文中提到I’m invited to go to a friend’s wedding.可知女士去魁北克的主要目的是参加朋友的婚礼。
9. What can be learned about Quebec City? A. It’s beautiful in summer.
B. It is the capital of Quebec province. C. It uses only French for the street signs.
D. It doesn’t have many historical buildings.参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：文中提到But it’s not the capital. Quebec City is.可知魁北克市是魁北克省的首府。
10. What is the man’s advice for the woman before the trip? A. Practice her French.
B. Bring more clothes with her. C. Bring some medicine with her.
D. Learn about the local customs.参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：文中提到So you’d better practice your French before you go.可知男士的意见是动身之前练习下法语。 SCRIPT:
W: Hey, Bob, I’m going to visit Quebec this summer. I’m invited to go to a friend’s wedding. While I’m there I’d also like to do some sightseeing.
M: That’s nice, Shelly. But do you mean the province of Quebec, or Quebec City?
W: I mean the province. My friend’s wedding is in Montreal. I’m going there first. I’ll stay for five days. Is Montreal the capital city of the province?
M: Well, many people think so because it’s the biggest city. But it’s not the capital. Quebec City is. But Montreal is great. The Saint Royal River runs right through the middle of the city. It’s beautiful in summer.
W: Wow, do you think I can get by in English? My French is OK, but not that good. I know most people there speak French, but can I also use English?
M: Well, people speak both French and English there. But you’ll hear French most of the time. And all the street signs are in French. In fact, Montreal is the third largest French speaking city in the world. So you’d better practice your French before you go.
W: Good advice. What about Quebec City? I’ll visit a friend from college who lives there now. What’s it like?
M: It’s a beautiful city, very old. Many old buildings have been nicely restored. Some of them were built in the 17th or 18th centuries. You’ll love there. W: Fantastic. I can’t wait to go. SCRIPT:
W: Hey, Bob, I’m going to visit Quebec this summer. I’m invited to go to a friend’s wedding. While I’m there I’d also like to do some sightseeing.
M: That’s nice, Shelly. But do you mean the province of Quebec, or Quebec City?
W: I mean the province. My friend’s wedding is in Montreal. I’m going there first. I’ll stay for five days. Is Montreal the capital city of the province?
M: Well, many people think so because it’s the biggest city. But it’s not the capital. Quebec City is. But Montreal is great. The Saint Royal River runs right through the middle of the city. It’s beautiful in summer.
W: Wow, do you think I can get by in English? My French is OK, but not that good. I know most people there speak French, but can I also use English?
M: Well, people speak both French and English there. But you’ll hear French most of the time. And all the street signs are in French. In fact, Montreal is the third largest French speaking city in the world. So you’d better practice your French before you go.
W: Good advice. What about Quebec City? I’ll visit a friend from college who lives there now. What’s it like?
M: It’s a beautiful city, very old. Many old buildings have been nicely restored. Some of them were built in the 17th or 18th centuries. You’ll love there. W: Fantastic. I can’t wait to go.
SECTION B PASSAGES
In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.
11. What is the topic of the passage? A. Local language. B. Official language. C. Internet language.
D. Language disappearance.参考答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：文中提到Experts say over half of the world’s seven thousand languages are in danger of disappearing.而且文中出现频率较高的关键单词是disappear，讲语言消失现象。
12. What can be learned about the official language? A. It has much more speakers than a local language. B. It is a symbol of control over a group of people. C. It creates a new civilization.
D. It is spoken by many children.参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：文中提到Official languages often represent a form of control over a group of people.可知官方语言是控制不同人群的方式。
13. Why is the Internet mentioned in the passage? A. A new way of language dominance. B. An arena of national conflicts. C. A birthplace of new languages.
D. A symbol of new century.参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：文中提到The Internet could be thought of as a new method of language control.可知网络是语言统治的一种新方式。 SCRIPT:
Experts say over half of the world’s seven thousand languages are in danger of disappearing. Every two weeks one language disappears. As the last speakers of a language die off, the valuable information contained within a language also disappears. Sometimes a language disappears immediately when the last person speaking it dies. Or, a local language might disappear more slowly. This happens when an official language is used more often and children stop learning the local language of their parents. This is not
a new process. Official languages often represent a form of control over a group of people. Throughout history, the language spoken by a powerful group spreads across a civilization. The more powerful culture rarely respects the language and culture of smaller ethnic groups. So, smaller cultures lose their local language as the language of the culture in power becomes the stronger influence. For example, many native languages in the Russian area of Siberia are threatened. This is largely because of the hostile language policies of the former Soviet Union that forced the use of Russian as the official language. The Internet could be thought of as a new method of language control. The United Nations cultural organization, UNESCO, says that ninety percent of the world’s languages are not represented on the Internet. SCRIPT:
Experts say over half of the world’s seven thousand languages are in danger of disappearing. Every two weeks one language disappears. As the last speakers of a language die off, the valuable information contained within a language also disappears. Sometimes a language disappears immediately when the last person speaking it dies. Or, a local language might disappear more slowly. This happens when an official language is used more often and children stop learning the local language of their parents. This is not a new process. Official languages often represent a form of control over a group of people. Throughout history, the language spoken by a powerful group spreads across a civilization. The more powerful culture rarely respects the language and culture of smaller ethnic groups. So, smaller cultures lose their local language as the language of the culture in power becomes the stronger influence. For example, many native languages in the Russian area of Siberia are threatened. This is largely because of the hostile language policies of the former Soviet Union that forced the use of Russian as the official language. The Internet could be thought of as a new method of language control. The United Nations cultural organization, UNESCO, says that ninety percent of the world’s languages are not represented on the Internet.
Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.
14. What is the focus of the passage? A. The origin of hip-hop music. B. The ideal of hip-hop dancers.
C. Socially conscious hip-hop artists.
D. Hip-hop musicians around the world.参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：文中提到Socially conscious hip-hop artists spread messages of peace, security, unity, forgiveness and happiness. Often, their songs teach young people about human rights and fighting for their freedoms so they can have a better future.随后以巴西的艺术家为例说明。
15. What is the function of hip-hop in Brazil?
A. To articulate social inequalities and racial issues. B. To make people aware of their existence. C. To symbolize a new culture movement. D. To activate civil rights movement. A.参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：文中提到In Brazil, artists use hip-hop to express social inequalities and racial issues.可知巴西的艺术家借助街舞来表达社会的不公正和种族问题。
16. Which of the following issues is NOT the main concern of Racionais MC’s? A. Drugs.
B. Corruption.
C. Police violence.
D. Poverty and racism.参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：A, C, D三项在文中均有提到，所以选B。
17. How many years have passed when Racionais MC’s published their sixth album? A. 10. B. 11. C. 21.
D. 38.参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：文中提到They started their music group in 1988. In 2009 they released their sixth album called Ta Na Chuva.可推知时间为21年。 SCRIPT:
Hip-hop music is popular around the world. Hip-hop artists created their own Declaration of Peace that is recognized by the United Nations. Socially conscious hip-hop artists spread messages of peace, security, unity, forgiveness and happiness. Often, their songs teach young people about human rights and fighting for their freedoms so they can have a better future. In Brazil, artists use hip-hop to express social inequalities and racial issues. In the largest city, Sao Paulo, one of the oldest hip-hop groups is Racionais MC’s. They started their music group in 1988. Their songs are about social injustices in the city, including police violence against young people. Many of their songs are about people living in poor areas called favelas. The members, Mano Brown, Ice Blue, Edy Rock and DJ KL Jay, all lived in favelas. The singers are also activists for the work and goals of their songs. In 1992 Racionais MC’s joined forces with Brazil’s Ministry of Education. They visited schools to teach people about life in the favelas, including issues related to drugs, police violence, poverty and racism. They have also used their music to earn money for health clinics, youth sports programs and schools. In 2009 they released their sixth album called Ta Na Chuva.
SCRIPT:
Hip-hop music is popular around the world. Hip-hop artists created their own Declaration of Peace that is recognized by the United Nations. Socially conscious hip-hop artists spread messages of peace, security, unity, forgiveness and happiness. Often, their songs teach young people about human rights and fighting for their freedoms so they can have a better future. In Brazil, artists use hip-hop to express social inequalities and racial issues. In the largest city, Sao Paulo, one of the oldest hip-hop groups is Racionais MC’s. They started their music group in 1988. Their songs are about social injustices in the city, including police violence against young people. Many of their songs are about people living in poor areas called favelas. The members, Mano Brown, Ice Blue, Edy Rock and DJ KL Jay, all lived in favelas. The singers are also activists for the work and goals of their songs. In 1992 Racionais MC’s joined forces with Brazil’s Ministry of Education. They visited schools to teach people about life in the favelas, including issues related to drugs, police violence, poverty and racism. They have also used their music to earn money for health clinics, youth sports programs and schools. In 2009 they released their sixth album called Ta Na Chuva.
Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.
18. How old was George Orwell when he decided to become a writer? A. 17. B. 24. C. 25.
D. 30.参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：文中提到George Orwell was born on 25 June 1903 in India，He resigned in 1927 and decided to become a writer.可推知24岁时奥威尔想当作家。
19. Which book was a description of his experience for menial jobs? A. Animal Farm.
B. Nineteen Eighty-Four. C. The Road to Wigan Pier.
D. Down and Out in Paris and London.参考答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：文中提到he moved to Paris where lack of success as a writer forced him into a series of menial jobs. He described his experiences in his first book, Down and Out in Paris and London。
20. When was the book Nineteen Eighty-Four released? A. 1943.
B. 1945. C. 1949.
D. 1950.参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：文中提到In 1945, Orwell’s Animal Farm was published. Nineteen Eighty-Four was published four years later.可推知出版时间为1949年。 SCRIPT:
George Orwell was born on 25 June 1903 in India. He was educated in England and, after he left Eton, joined the Indian Imperial Police in Burma, then a British colony. He resigned in 1927 and decided to become a writer. In 1928, he moved to Paris where lack of success as a writer forced him into a series of menial jobs. He described his experiences in his first book, Down and Out in Paris and London, published in 1933. In 1936, he was commissioned to write an account of poverty among unemployed miners in northern England, which resulted in The Road to Wigan Pier (1937). Between 1941 and 1943, Orwell worked on propaganda for the BBC. In 1943, he became literary editor of the Tribune. In 1945, Orwell’s Animal Farm was published. A political fable set in a farmyard but based on Stalin’s betrayal of the Russian Revolution, it made Orwell’s name and ensured he was financially comfortable for the first time in his life. Nineteen Eighty-Four was published four years later. Set in an imaginary totalitarian future, the book made a deep impression, with its title and many phrases — such as “Big Brother is watching you”, “newspeak” and “doublethink” — entering popular use. By now Orwell’s health was deteriorating and he died of tuberculosis on 21 January 1950. SCRIPT:
George Orwell was born on 25 June 1903 in India. He was educated in England and, after he left Eton, joined the Indian Imperial Police in Burma, then a British colony. He resigned in 1927 and decided to become a writer. In 1928, he moved to Paris where lack of success as a writer forced him into a series of menial jobs. He described his experiences in his first book, Down and Out in Paris and London, published in 1933. In 1936, he was commissioned to write an account of poverty among unemployed miners in northern England, which resulted in The Road to Wigan Pier (1937). Between 1941 and 1943, Orwell worked on propaganda for the BBC. In 1943, he became literary editor of the Tribune. In 1945, Orwell’s Animal Farm was published. A political fable set in a farmyard but based on Stalin’s betrayal of the Russian Revolution, it made Orwell’s name and ensured he was financially comfortable for the first time in his life. Nineteen Eighty-Four was published four years later. Set in an imaginary totalitarian future, the book made a deep impression, with its title and many phrases — such as “Big Brother is watching you”, “newspeak” and “doublethink” — entering popular use. By now Orwell’s health was deteriorating and he died of tuberculosis on 21 January 1950.
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
In this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
21. What is the focus of the news? A. Flood aid.
B. Children health. C. Drinking waters.
D. Waterborne diseases.参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：文中提到As new areas of land in southern Pakistan succumb to the floodwaters, the UN is stepping up the urgency of its warnings about the threat from waterborne diseases.同时提到资金援助，饮用水安全等问题，可知新闻的重点是洪灾援助。
22. According to UN officials, what is the essential thing? A. Medicine. B. Money. C. Clothes.
D. Drinking water.参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：文中提到UN officials say access to vulnerable children has improved and the relief operation now has the capacity to respond; it’s primarily about funding.可知最关键的问题还是钱。 SCRIPT:
As new areas of land in southern Pakistan succumb to the floodwaters, the UN is stepping up the urgency of its warnings about the threat from waterborne diseases. This also follows confirmation from the UN over the weekend of the first case of cholera. UN officials say access to vulnerable children has improved and the relief operation now has the capacity to respond; it’s primarily about funding. They say that being able to deliver safer drinking water would make an immediate difference to saving the lives of children. But the UN’s appeal for $110 million for the water-related aspects of the relief operation has only been met to the tune of $19 million. SCRIPT:
As new areas of land in southern Pakistan succumb to the floodwaters, the UN is stepping up the urgency of its warnings about the threat from waterborne diseases. This also follows confirmation from the UN over the weekend of the first case of cholera. UN officials say access to vulnerable children has improved and the relief operation now has the
capacity to respond; it’s primarily about funding. They say that being able to deliver safer drinking water would make an immediate difference to saving the lives of children. But the UN’s appeal for $110 million for the water-related aspects of the relief operation has only been met to the tune of $19 million.
Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
23. What is the topic of the news? A. Cloned food. B. Food chain. C. Novel food.
D. Food industry.参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：文中提到But the feeling among food safety agencies in Europe is that there hasn’t been enough research, and until more is known cloned food should be treated as a novel food.
24. Where was the food in question originated from? A. France. B. US. C. UK.
D. It was still under inquiry.参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：文中提到However, on Tuesday, the agency issued a statement saying it had identified two bulls born in the UK from embryos harvested from a cloned cow in the US.可知有问题的食品最初源自英国。 SCRIPT:
The feeling among food safety agencies in Europe is that there hasn’t been enough research, and until more is known cloned food should be treated as a novel food. That requires any supplier to get specific authorization to sell produce from cloned animals. The FSA began an investigation after claims that a British farmer had admitted selling milk from a cow that was the offspring of a clone. That inquiry is still going on — although the UK dairy industry body, DairyCo, has said it is \"confident\" no such milk entered the human food chain. However, on Tuesday, the agency issued a statement saying it had identified two bulls born in the UK from embryos harvested from a cloned cow in the US. Both bulls had been slaughtered — meat from one of them had been eaten. SCRIPT:
The feeling among food safety agencies in Europe is that there hasn’t been enough
research, and until more is known cloned food should be treated as a novel food. That requires any supplier to get specific authorization to sell produce from cloned animals. The FSA began an investigation after claims that a British farmer had admitted selling milk from a cow that was the offspring of a clone. That inquiry is still going on — although the UK dairy industry body, DairyCo, has said it is \"confident\" no such milk entered the human food chain. However, on Tuesday, the agency issued a statement saying it had identified two bulls born in the UK from embryos harvested from a cloned cow in the US. Both bulls had been slaughtered — meat from one of them had been eaten.
Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
25. What is the concern of President Obama? A. Government debts.
B. Sanctions to North Korea.
C. Financial aid to poor nations.
D. Policies to recover economy.参考答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：文中提到but President Obama especially is concerned that premature austerity measures might set back the economic recovery that is under way。
26. Which of the following is NOT the concern of G8 summit? A. Economy. B. Religion. C. Diplomacy.
D. Development.参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：文中提到economic problems，development issues，diplomatic issues等议题，但没有出现宗教方面的词汇。 SCRIPT:
The G20 is now the main forum for global economic issues. But some of the G8 countries, who meet first, on Friday and Saturday, are the ones with the big economic problems. They have rising government debts, but President Obama especially is concerned that premature austerity measures might set back the economic recovery that is under way. Development issues are high on the G8 agenda and they’ll discuss maternal and child health in low-income nations. Campaigners say the G8 have failed to deliver aid promised at previous summits.
This summit will also discuss a range of diplomatic issues including North Korea, Iran’s nuclear program and the Middle East. SCRIPT:
The G20 is now the main forum for global economic issues. But some of the G8 countries, who meet first, on Friday and Saturday, are the ones with the big economic problems. They have rising government debts, but President Obama especially is concerned that premature austerity measures might set back the economic recovery that is under way. Development issues are high on the G8 agenda and they’ll discuss maternal and child health in low-income nations. Campaigners say the G8 have failed to deliver aid promised at previous summits.
This summit will also discuss a range of diplomatic issues including North Korea, Iran’s nuclear program and the Middle East.
Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
27. What is the theme of the news? A. Bacteria killers. B. Frog antibiotics. C. Human diseases.
D. Toxic chemicals.参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：文中提到So the theory is that some of these chemicals could be used as antibiotics.，随后提及围绕抗生素的获取和实验等。
28. What did researchers in the United Arab Emirates do? A. Presiding over a convention on frog protection. B. Employing chemicals from frogs as antibiotics. C. Identifying germ-killing chemicals from frogs.
D. Conducting experiments of antibiotics on animals.参考答案： C 参考
答案： C
TIP：文中提到They received samples from more than six thousand different species and identified more than a hundred germ-killing chemicals。 SCRIPT:
Frogs protect themselves by secreting chemicals that kill germs on their skin. So the theory is that some of these chemicals could be used as antibiotics. To find out, researchers in the United Arab Emirates asked colleagues across the world to swab any frogs they found and send them their secretions. They received samples from more than six thousand different species and identified more than a hundred germ-killing chemicals. Because they’ve not been used to combat human diseases before, it’s hoped that they might be able to kill bacteria that had become drug-resistant.
One problem though is that many of these newly-identified chemicals are toxic. So the next step will be to adapt them to make them benign to patients but lethal to bacteria.
SCRIPT:
Frogs protect themselves by secreting chemicals that kill germs on their skin. So the theory is that some of these chemicals could be used as antibiotics. To find out, researchers in the United Arab Emirates asked colleagues across the world to swab any frogs they found and send them their secretions. They received samples from more than six thousand different species and identified more than a hundred germ-killing chemicals. Because they’ve not been used to combat human diseases before, it’s hoped that they might be able to kill bacteria that had become drug-resistant.
One problem though is that many of these newly-identified chemicals are toxic. So the next step will be to adapt them to make them benign to patients but lethal to bacteria.
Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
29. What is the topic of the news? A. Demonstration. B. Tourist spots. C. Volcanic eruption.
D. Weather forecast.参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：文中提到Conditions on the ground immediately downstream of the volcano are extremely difficult复现率较高的关键词也是和volcano相关。
30. Which device is NOT mentioned in the news? A. Armored personnel carriers. B. Specially modified vehicles. C. Weather radar.
D. Tear bombs.参考答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：文中提到the authorities are using specially modified vehicles, armored personnel carriers to visit and check on people who remain in the area以及It is no longer registering on weather radar，没有提及催泪弹。 SCRIPT:
Conditions on the ground immediately downstream of the volcano are extremely difficult. A lot of ash is falling. Approximately ten centimeters of volcanic dust has settled on the ground. Visibility is down to just a few meters and the authorities are using specially modified vehicles, armored personnel carriers to visit and check on people who remain in the area. But the top of the ash cloud reaching into the sky has lowered. It is no longer registering on weather radar and scientists estimate its maximum height is now around three to four thousand meters. Much less ash is now being released into the atmosphere compared to the beginning of this eruption and scientists say they believe the volcanic activity may now be entering a different phase.
SCRIPT:
Conditions on the ground immediately downstream of the volcano are extremely difficult. A lot of ash is falling. Approximately ten centimeters of volcanic dust has settled on the ground. Visibility is down to just a few meters and the authorities are using specially modified vehicles, armored personnel carriers to visit and check on people who remain in the area. But the top of the ash cloud reaching into the sky has lowered. It is no longer registering on weather radar and scientists estimate its maximum height is now around three to four thousand meters. Much less ash is now being released into the atmosphere compared to the beginning of this eruption and scientists say they believe the volcanic activity may now be entering a different phase.
PART III CLOZE
Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.
There are plenty of studies which show that dogs act as social catalysts, helping their owners (31) ____ intimate, long-term relationships with other people. But does that (32) ____ in the workplace? Christopher Honts and his colleagues at Central Michigan University in Mount Pleasant were surprised to find that there was not much research (33) ____ this question, and decided to put that right. They wondered in particular if the mere (34) ____ of a canine in the office might make people collaborate more effectively. And, as they told a meeting of the International Society for Human Ethnology in Madison, Wisconsin, on August 2nd, they found that it could.
To reach this (35) ____, they carried out two experiments. In the first, they brought together 12 groups of four individuals and told each group to come (36) ____ a 15-second advertisement for a made-up product. Everyone was asked to contribute ideas for the ad, but ultimately the group had to decide (37) ____ only one. Anyone familiar with the modern “collaborative” office environment will know (38) ____ that is a challenge.
Some of the groups had a dog underfoot throughout, (39) ____ the others had none. After the task, all the volunteers had to answer a (40) ____ on how they felt about working with the other — human — members of the team. Mr. Honts found that those (41) ____ had had a dog to slobber and pounce on them (42) ____ their team-mates more highly on (43) ____ of trust, team cohesion and intimacy than those who had not. In the other experiment, which used 13 groups, the researchers explored (44) ____ the presence of an animal altered players’ behavior in a game known (45) ____ the prisoner’s dilemma. In the version of this game played by the volunteers, all four members of each group had been (46) ____ with a crime. Individually, they could choose (without being able to talk to the others) (47) ____ to snitch on their team-mates or to stand (48) ____ them. Each individual’s decision (49) ____ the outcomes for the other
three as (50) ____ as for himself in a way that was explained in advance.
31.
A. to forge B. forge C. forging D. forged
参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：help sb. do sth.是固定用法，要用动词原形，因此正确答案为B选项。 32.
A. apply B. occur C. happen D. fit
参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：四个选项都为动词。occur可指意外地发生，也可指意料中的发生。happen泛指一切客观事物或情况的发生，强调动作的偶然性。fit指人或物适合或适应某一目的或用途。apply指将一事物运用于另一事物之上以发挥其有效作用。根据上下文的意思，正确答案为A选项。 33. A. with B. about C. in D. on
参考答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：四个选项都为介词。research on为固定搭配，表示“对„„进行研究”，正确答案为D选项。 34.
A. assistance B. absence C. presence D. visit
参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：四个选项都为名词。assistance表示“帮助”之意；absence和presence是一对反义词，the absence of表示“不在场”，the presence of表示“在场”；visit为“拜访”之意。根据文中的意思，正确答案为C选项。 35.
A. agreement B. conclusion C. decision D. summary
参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：四个选项都为名词。agreement表示“协议、协定之意”；conclusion有“结论、决定”之意；decision表示“决定”；summary为“总结”的意思。根据上下文，正确答案为B选项。 36.
A. off with B. in with C. to with D. up with
参考答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：四个选项都为介词词组。come off with表示“发表（言论），宣布”；come in with有“参加，加入”之意；没有come to with这个搭配；come up with为“提出，想出”的意思。根据上下文，正确答案为D选项。 37. A. on B. to C. with D. about
参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：四个选项都为介词。decide on为固定搭配，表示“决定，选定，确定”；decide to do表示“决定做某事”之意；没有decide about和 decide with这两个搭配。根据上下文，正确答案为A选项。 38. A. this B. which C. that D. what
参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：本句为宾语从句。根据上下文，正确答案为C选项。 39. A. but B. while C. however D. since
参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：本句为表示转折对比关系的从句。but与however只表示转折关系；since表示原因；while 表示转折对比。因此正确答案为B。 40.
A. examination B. investigation C. research
D. questionnaire
参考答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：四个选项都是名词。examination检查学生知识或能力而举行的正式考试（有时也指临时考试）；investigation有系统地调查以得到希望发现或需要知道的事；research指科学工作者等为揭示自然规律或获取某个领域的新知识而进行长时间的调查研究；questionnaire调查表，问卷。根据上下文，正确答案应为D。 41. A. who B. which C. whom D. that
参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：该句为定语从句作主语。根据上下文，正确答案为A选项。 42.
A. called B. termed C. ranked D. praised
参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：四个选项都为动词过去时。call表示“呼叫，访问，打电话”；term有“把„„称为，把„„叫做”之意；rank表示“排列，归类”的意思；praise为“表扬，称赞”的意思。根据上下文，正确答案为C选项。 43.
A. condition B. measures C. basis D. sense
参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：四个选项都为名词。condition表示“条件”；measure表示“（一定的）量，尺度，标准”；basis表示“根基，基础”；rank表示“排列，归类”；sense为“感觉、感官”的意思。根据上下文，正确答案为B选项。 44. A. what B. which C. where D. how
参考答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：四个选项都为疑问代词，该句为方式状语从句。根据上下文，正确答案为D选项。 45. A. as B. for C. with D. by
参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：四个选项都为介词。be known as表示“作为„„而出名”；be known for表示“以„„闻名”。根据上下文，正确答案为A选项。 46.A. accused B. blamed C. charged D. scolded
参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：四个选项都为动词的过去分词。be accused of表示“被指控，被控告”；blame是“责难、归咎于”，包含用语言责骂之意；be charged with表示“被指控，被控告”，与be accused of的意思相同；scold表示“责骂，斥责”。根据上下文，正确答案为C选项。 47.
A. whether B. either C. neither D. never
参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：根据两组固定搭配，either „ or „表示两者之中选一个，即“或者„„或者„„”；neither „ nor „表示“两者都不”。根据上下文，正确答案为B选项。 48. A. for B. against C. by D. with
参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：四个选项都为介词。stand for表示“代表，象征”；stand against表示“反对，经受住”；stand by表示“支持，遵守”；stand with表示“与„„一致，和„„站在一起”的意思。根据上下文，正确答案为C选项。 49.
A. affected B. impacted C. influenced D. impressed
参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：四个选项都为动词过去时。affect的主语通常是物而不是人，指一物对另一物产生的消极影响；impact冲击，碰撞；influence既可以指在思想、性格、行为等方面所产生的潜移默化的影响，也可指自然力的影响；impress强调影响既深刻又持久。根据上下文，正确答案为A。 50. A. long B. much C. good
D. well
参考答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：四个选项都为形容词。as long as除了表示“和„„一样长”，还表示“只要”的意思；as much as表示“和„„一样多”；as good as则表示“和„„一样好”；as well as表示“还有”的意思。根据上下文，正确答案为D选项。
PART IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
51. It is unfair that you come home after a bad day at work and ____ your wife and children. A. take it out on B. take out it on C. take out on
D. take on it with参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：此题考查take的用法。take it out on sb.意为“拿某人出气”，其中it是无人称代词，无所指，这是一个固定结构。
[译文] 白天工作不顺心，回到家里拿老婆孩子出气，这是不公平的。
52. In such a short period of time, we can not think of our civilization as ____.
A. to have been created B. to be created
C. having been created
D. being created参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：此题考查as的用法。as在这里是介词，后面应接名词或动名词；create的动作是过去发生的，所以用having been created。
[译文] 我们不应把我们的文明看作是短期内创造出来的。
53. Jim kept asking us questions, but not a word ____. A. could we understand B. we could understand C. we understand could
D. understand could we参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：此题考查以not, never, hardly, by no means等表示否定意义的否定词位于句首时的用法。这些否定词位于句首时可引导部分倒装。
[译文] 吉姆不断地问问题，可我们一个字也听不懂。
54. Advertising media like newspapers, direct mails and radios ___ to improve sales of industrial products. A. have been used B. will be used C. is being used
D. has been used参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：media是medium的复数形式，谓语动词要用复数形式。根据句意，此句应用完成时的被动语态have been done的形式。
[译文] 像报纸、直接邮件和收音机这样的广告媒介一直被用来促进工业品的销售。
55. The indoor tennis court seems to be a great more luxurious than _______. A. is necessary B. being necessary C. to be necessary
D. it is necessary参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：此题考查由than引导的比较状语从句的用法。than引导的从句中省略了的主语应该是the indoor tennis court，为避免重复，一般省略，不需要用it来指代。 [译文] 室内网球场看上去太豪华了。
56. I am really lucky ____ the thing I like most is ____ I’ve ended up doing.
A. when ... that B. if ... what C. that ... what
D. that ... that参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：此题考查宾语从句的引导词的用法。I’m lucky后接that从句作宾语；宾语从句中的主语是the thing，the thing后是定语从句；宾语从句中的表语是what引导的从句。 [译文] 我很幸运因为我最喜欢做的事是我已不再做的事。
57. Intellect is to the mind ______ sight is to the body. A. what B. as C. that
D. like参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：此题考查A is to B what C is to D这个句型的用法，意为“A对于B就像是C对于D一样”。
[译文] 智力对于思想，犹如视力对于身体一样。
58. I ____ Jim the Christmas gift by mail because he came home during the Christmas holidays. A. ought to have sent B. couldn’t have sent C. must have sent
D. needn’t have sent参考答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：主句用了一句与过去事实相反的表示必要性的虚拟语气needn’t have done的形式表示本不需要做某事请，但是事实上却做了。
[译文] 我本不必把圣诞礼物给吉姆邮寄过去，因为他圣诞节期间回家了。
59. Mr. Jackson, our boss, ____ a raise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet. A. has been promising B. was promising C. promised
D. has promised参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：这句话考的是现在完成进行时，其基本的形式是have / has been doing。 [译文] 我们的老板杰克逊许诺给我们加薪好些年了，可到现在也没有实现。
60. ____ a fine day, we decided to go for a picnic. A. Having been B. It being C. Being
D. What参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：现在分词经常用作句子状语。本句的原因状语采用现在分词表示的独立主格结构，由于主句和从句的主语不一致，故在作状语的现在分词之前加了逻辑主语it。 [译文] 因为天气很好，我们决定出去野炊。
61. This may protect the tiger from extinction as well as other animals _____ in Asia. A. hunted B. hunting
C. that hunted
D. are hunted参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：此题考查非谓语动词中过去分词作后置定语的用法。这句话的完整结构应为：This may protect the tiger from extinction as well as other animals (from being) hunted in Asia.。 [译文] 此举也许既能保护亚洲的其他动物不被猎杀，又能使老虎免受灭顶之灾。
62. When you have finished watching that DVD, don’t forget to put it in my drawer, ___? A. do you B. will you C. don’t you
D. won’t you参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：此题考查反义疑问句的用法。前面句子是第二人称祈使句时，后面要用will (would) you或won’t you。本题中，前面的句子是否定句，因此后面用肯定形式。 [译文] 你看完录像后，记得放回我抽屉里，可以吗？
63. The racial apartheid was abolished through a number of struggles and fighting, ____ have been mentioned in the first chapter. A. a few of which B. a few of them C. a few of those
D. a few of that参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：这里考的是非限制性定语从句，关系代词which前加修饰语。
[译文] 经过若干次斗争，种族隔离被取消了，其中的几次斗争在第一章里已经提到。
64. Come and see me whenever ______. A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient C. it is convenient to you
D. it will be convenient to you参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：此题考查whenever引导的时间状语从句。当whenever引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来；convenient正确用法是it is convenient to sb.。 [译文] 只要你方便随时都可以来看我。
65. This car has many features including ____.
A. stereo, safety devices, air condition, and it saves gas B. good music, safe devices, air conditioning, and gas C. stereo, safety devices, air conditioned and good gas
D. stereo, safety devices, air conditioning, and low gas mileage参考
答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：此题测试平行结构。所谓平行结构指的是句子的并列成分在结构上应该一致或相同。选项A中it saves gas为句子。选项B中尽管各成分在结构上等同，但逻辑意义上不成立，gas指“汽油”，凡汽车皆需要，不能构成该车的特点。
[译文] 这辆小汽车有很多特点，包括音响、安全装置、空调和低耗的油表。
66. Of course, talking about things that affect their personality is ____ motivating for them. A. chiefly B. correctly C. currently
D. eminently参考答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：此题考查四个副词的不同含义。eminently意为“突出地，明显地”；chiefly意为“主要地，大部分”；correctly意为“正确地”；currently意为“现在，当前”。 [译文] 当然，谈论一些影响他们个性的事对他们是非常有积极作用的。
67. All students are requested to ____ in the playground if the fire alarm is sounded. A. assemble B. converge C. crowd
D. accumulate参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：此题考查表示“集合”的四个动词的具体用法。assemble意为“集合”；converge意为“会聚，集中（指向一共同点集中）”；crowd意为“挤满，聚集”；accumulate意为“积累，积聚”。
[译文] 如遇火警，要求全体学生在操场上集合。
68. People’s social status is often ____ by how much money they have. A. examined B. measured C. tested
D. questioned参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：此题考查四个动词的不同含义。measure意为“估量，衡量”；examine意为“检查，仔细观察”；test意为“试验，测试”；question意为“询问，审问”。 [译文] 人的社会地位常常由他们拥有的财富的多少来衡量。
69. The magician chose several volunteers ____ from the audience, asking them to help him with the performance. A. by accident B. on occasion C. at random
D. on average参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：此题考查四个介词短语的区别。at random意为“任意地”；by accident意为“偶然地”；on occasion意为“有时”；on average意为“平均”。 [译文] 魔术师从观众中任意挑选了几个人，要他们协助表演。
70. According to the questionnaire, our happiness was very ____. A. crisp B. brittle C. delicate
D. fragile参考答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：此题考查形容词的区别。fragile意为“脆弱的，虚弱的，易碎的”；crisp意为“脆的，鲜脆的”；brittle意为“易碎的，易损坏的”；delicate意为“虚弱的，娇贵的”。 [译文] 据问卷分析，我们的幸福非常脆弱。
71. Tom ____ fire to the house by accident. A. put B. took C. set
D. got参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：此题考查动词词组的区别。词组set fire to意为“点燃，使燃烧”。 [译文] 汤姆不小心放火烧着了房子。
72. We had such a ____ of eggs that we gave many away to our neighbors and relatives once the chickens began to lay eggs. A. output B. surplus C. production
D. plenty参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：此题考查四个名词的区别。surplus意为“过剩，剩余”；output意为“产量”；production意为“生产”；plenty意为“丰富，大量”。
[译文] 我们的鸡开始下蛋后，我们有了很多剩余的鸡蛋，于是我们就把它们送给了邻居和亲友。。
73. Strenuous efforts were made to ____ government expenses to a minimum extent. A. cut off B. cut back C. cut down
D. cut short参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：此题考查动词cut的不同搭配含义。cut down意为“减少，缩减”；cut off意为“中断，打断”；cut back意为“缩减（生产），削减（支出）”，常与on搭配使用；cut short意为“使停止，中断，打断”。
[译文] 政府已作出不懈努力，力求把支出降低到最低程度。
74. According to recent researches, our ____ sensitivity decreases with age. By age 60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell. A. sensible B. senseless C. sensitive
D. sensory参考答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：此题考查四个形似形容词的不同含义。sensible意为“明智的，合情理的”；senseless意为“失去知觉的，不省人事的”；sensitive意为“敏感的”；sensory意为“感觉的，传递感觉的”。
[译文] 我们的感官能力随着年龄的增长而下降。比如说，到60岁的时候，多数人失去了他们40%的嗅觉能力。
75. After a whole month without rain, the ground quickly ____ the little rain that fell yesterday. A. skipped B. absorbed C. soaked
D. retrieved参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：此题考查四个动词的区别。absorb意为“吸收”；skip意为“跳过，打水漂”；soak意为“浸湿”；retrieve意为“使恢复；使再生”。
[译文] 一整个月都没下雨，昨下了一场小雨，很快被地面吸收了。
76. — Can you take the day off tomorrow? — Well, I’ll have to get ____ from my boss. A. permission B. permit C. allowance
D. possession参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：此题考查四个名词的不同意义。permission意为“允许”；permit意为“许可证”；allowance意为“津贴”；possession意为“拥有”。 [译文] ——你明天能休一天吗？ ——呵，我要得到老板的允许。
77. If he is an especially sensitive child, a simple scolding to him can be a ____ thing. A. hysterical B. grievous C. gracious
D. sensible参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：此题考查四个表示情感的形容词的区别。grievous意为“极痛苦的”；hysterical意为“歇斯底里的”；gracious意为“亲切的，有礼的”；sensible意为“明白事理的，合情理的”。
[译文] 对十分敏感的儿童来说，一次简单的呵斥可能会成为极其痛苦的经历。
78. All the attempts to ____ the little child from drowning were in vain. A. regain B. recover C. reserve
D. rescue参考答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：此题考查形似动词的区别。rescue意为“抢救”；regain意为“重新获得，恢复（健康，原职等）”；recover意为“（健康，力量，能力等）恢复，痊愈”；reserve意为“保留，保存”。
[译文] 抢救落水儿童的一切努力均未成功。
79. The ____ problem of bringing a spaceship back safely from the moon was solved. A. technical
B. technological C. technique
D. technology参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：此题考查跟“技术”相关的几个形似单词的区别。technical意为“技术的，技能的”；technological意为“技术学的，工艺学的”；technique意为“技术，技能”，是名词；technology意为“技术（学），工艺（学）”，也是名词。 [译文] 使宇宙飞船从月球上返航的技术问题已被解决。
80. People who are under great pressure have performed ____ feats of strength, like moving an automobile away from an accident victim. A. specific B. abrupt C. abnormal
D. extraordinary参考答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：此题考查形容词的不同含义。extraordinary意为“不平常的，非凡的”；specific意为“特有的，特种的”；abrupt意为“突然的，意外的”；abnormal意为“不正常的，反常的”。
[译文] 人们在极大的心理压力作用下，表演了非凡的力量技艺，比如把一辆汽车从交通事故的受害者身上搬开。
PART V READING COMPREHENSION
TEXT A
You’ve heard, no doubt, about the planet-friendly benefits of putting gardens on rooftops, but what about installing plants on the sides of buildings? So-called living walls can make for stunning works of botanical art, can’t-miss-them signs of environmental stewardship. But does this architectural trend actually help cut down on buildings’ energy use?
The answer depends on the gardens, which are sprouting up worldwide, everywhere from museums and corporate headquarters to airports and highway overpasses. And the new designs keep growing larger.
When done right, a living wall can significantly reduce a building’s heating and cooling costs, though not as much as a green roof can. The wall treatments — which consist of a bunch of modular metal or plastic casings that can be removed for inspections or repairs — also cost more, easily climbing over $100 per sq. ft., compared with $15 to $40 per sq. ft. for green roofs.
And since rain generally doesn’t fall sideways, irrigation is both necessary and tricky. Designers have to use drip-irrigation systems and often rely on electronic monitoring devices to make sure the plants don’t dry out. Irrigating with recycled water and installing native plants can help cut down on resource use.
George Irwin, CEO of Green Living Technologies admits that clients aren’t hanging living walls for the energy-cost savings. “Green roofs provide a faster return on the investment,” he says. “But everybody can see your green wall. It is marketing genius.”
Minsuk Cho, an architect who dressed the outer and inner walls of Seoul’s Ann Demeulemeester store in a dense carpet of foliage, says greening walls maximizes the opportunity to create a better urban environment, but you can’t plant them and walk away. “Just like any garden, maintaining a green wall takes commitment,” Cho says. “It shouldn’t be considered as a building material but more like a pet.” A very large and thirsty one.
81. At the beginning of the passage, the author intends to _____. A. arouse readers’ interest in environmental stewardship
B. inform readers that a green roof helps cut down on buildings’ energy use
C. lead onto the discussion of advantages and disadvantages of the living wall
D. describe the current status of architectural trend参考答案： C 参考
答案： C
TIP：要求根据文章内容推断作者的意图。文中第一段先提出人们可能对于屋顶花园都有所了解，那么是否听说过种在建筑物侧面上的植物呢？这种“绿墙”的优势就是可被视为园艺艺术的杰作以及环境保护的醒目成就，可是，它真的能够有效降低建筑物的能源成本吗？在接下来的正文中，作者对绿墙的优劣分别展开了分析，可见，第一段导语的意图就是引出正文的内容。
82. The word “stewardship” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______. A. pollution B. supervision C. protection
D. damage参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：steward常被作为名词，指“管理员，管家”，也指someone who protects something such as nature, public property or money。近年来常用environmental stewardship来表示“环境治理与保护”。
83. According to the passage, which of the following will help to cut down the energy-cost?
A. Utilizing removable modular metal or plastic casings. B. Utilizing drip-irrigation systems.
C. Adopting electronic monitoring devices.
D. Using recycled water.参考答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：细节题，考查学生对文章中具体信息的理解程度。在文章第四段中，提到Irrigating with recycled water and installing native plants can help cut down on resource use. 可知通过使用循环水或者种植本土植物可以有效降低能源的使用。
84. We learn from the passage that compared with a green wall, a green roof _____.
A. provides a slower return on the investment
B. can be more effective in reducing a building’s heating and cooling costs
C. costs much more
D. is more difficult to be installed参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：要求比较green roof 与green wall 的优劣。文中第三段提到When done right, a living wall can significantly reduce a building’s heating and cooling costs, though not as much as a green roof can. 可知在降低建筑物制冷和制热成本方面还是green roof 更胜一筹。其余几项分别在文中都有提到， green roof可以保证更快收回成本，更省钱也更易于种植。
85. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Since living walls are more expensive, green roofs are more popular. B. Because of the energy-cost savings, many corporate headquarters are hanging green walls.
C. The only advantage of a green wall is that it could create a better urban environment.
D. A green wall demands extra care and concern, just like a pet.参考
答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：考察对于文章内容的理解。文中最后一段提到：You can’t plant them (green walls) and walk away. It shouldn’t be considered as a building material but more like a pet. A very large and thirsty one.这里将green wall比作宠物，而且是庞大的且饥渴的宠物，言下之意是种植绿墙绝对不是一劳永逸的，它像个宠物一样需要得到特别的关注和照顾。
TEXT B
Because I am extremely vulnerable to both slick advertising and peer pressure, I’ve been thinking about getting an iPad. But here’s the problem: I’m cheap, and the iPad’s not. If I’m going to fork over at least $499 for a new device, I want to try it out and make sure it’s not just a larger, shinier version of my iPhone. But if I went to my local Apple Store, I’d get to spend only a few minutes testing out the machine. I wanted more time than that, so I rented one for $15 a day from a guy on SnapGoods.
The Internet start-up in Brooklyn runs on a simple premise: there are people who want to borrow stuff — camping equipment, food processors, robot vacuums, etc. — and there are people who have stuff they want to lend. SnapGoods helps these two groups connect over the Web. SnapGoods is one of many sites that have sprung up to facilitate offline sharing. Some sites have a narrow, obvious focus (like SwapBabyGoods.com) while others are more obscure (Neighborhood Fruit helps people share what’s growing in their yards or find fruit trees on public land). But regardless of whether the sharing is free or involves a fee, these transactions often come with a stick-it-to-the-man attitude. “Borrow these things from your neighbors,” reads one exhortation on neighborrow.com “The owner-ship has SAILED!”
All of these sites are encouraging something academics call collaborative consumption — in other words, peer-to-peer sharing or renting. Renting something you don’t need to use very often makes a lot more sense than buying it and letting it collect dust in your garage. There’s a green aspect as well, since sharing helps cut down on overall use of resources. But one of collaborative consumption’s most surprising benefits turns out to be social. In an era when families are scattered around the country and we may not know the people down the street from us, sharing things — even with strangers we’ve just met online — allows us to make meaningful connections.
“This isn’t just about saving the environment or saving a buck,” says SnapGoods CEO Ron Williams, who came up with the idea after renting a stranger’s motorcycle via Craigslist. “This is about saving yourself by making informed consumer decisions.” I’m not sure if I got a jolt of oxytocin when I borrowed Goodwin’s iPad, but it did feel good to make a connection. In the end, though, I decided not to purchase an iPad. Sorry, Steve Jobs. I’m just not that into owning things anymore.
86. The author rented an iPad instead of buying it because of the following
reasons EXCEPT that _____. A. the iPad is expensive and the author wants to make sure an iPad is worthy B. he has already got an iPhone and expects to test the better quality of an iPad
C. the local Apple Store only offers limited time to test out the machine D. the iPad is so expensive that he cannot afford it参考答案： D 参考
答案： D
TIP：细节题。作者选择了不买而是租一个iPad的原因在第一段中被提到。如：他认为iPad价格不菲，所以希望物有所值。另外，他已经有了一个iPhone，当然不希望重金买到的iPad只是iPhone的简单升级版，因此，他希望可以充分体验iPad 的卓越性能之后再下手去买。而专卖店所提供的试用时间太有限，希望可以通过租赁的方式尽情测试其性能。
87. SnapGoods is a website which ____. A. facilitates online sharing
B. helps people borrow things from their neighbors C. connects borrowers and lenders for stuff sharing D. sells iPad online参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：细节题。对SnapGoods网站功能的考察。答案在第二段中。其中提到SnapGoods helps these two groups connect over the Web，可知正确答案应该是connect borrowers and lenders for stuff sharing。另外提到SnapGoods is one of many sites that have sprung up to facilitate offline sharing，可知并不是online sharing，且它所提供的交换范围也并不局限于附近居民之间。
88. From the author’s point of view, which is NOT a benefit of collaborative consumption?
A. It helps cut down on overall use of resources.
B. It makes more sense than buying stuff that is not frequently used. C. It provides cheaper stuff.
D. It allows people to make meaningful connections.参考答案： C 参考答
案： C
TIP：细节题。答案在第三段中。原话为Renting something you don’t need to use very often makes a lot more sense than buying it and letting it collect dust in your garage. There’s a green aspect as well, since sharing helps cut down on overall use of resources. But one of collaborative consumption’s most surprising benefits turns out to be social.所以可知A, B, D都是其优势所在。文中没有提及交换所带来的价格上的优势。
89. What is the author’s attitude towards SnapGoods? A. Favorable. B. Critical. C. Indifferent.
D. Objective.参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：态度题。作者对于借物网站的态度从行文之中可以看出来是颇为推荐的，自己也是一个身体力行的实践者。
90. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? A. Borrow, Don’t Buy: Websites that Let Strangers Share B. SnapGoods: A Good Place for Shopping C. The Reason Why I Rent
D. Tips for Selling Things on the Internet参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：主旨题。考察对文章主旨大意的把握。本文从自己的亲身经历入手，主要介绍了为陌生人提供实物租借服务的网站，以及这种体验所带来的美妙感觉。其他选项中，本文并非重点在于介绍自己租借的原因，或者对于网上购物的小贴士，SnapGoods也不是购物的网站。
TEXT C
The transformative trends of the past 50 years that have led to a sharp decline in marriage and a rise of new family forms have been shaped by attitudes and behaviors that differ by class, age and race, according to a new Pew Research Center nationwide survey, done in association with TIME, complemented by an analysis of demographic and economic data from the U.S. Census Bureau.
A new “marriage gap” in the United States is increasingly aligned with a growing income gap. Marriage, while declining among all groups, remains the norm for adults with a college education and good income but is now markedly less prevalent among those on the lower rungs of the socio-economic ladder. The survey finds that those in this less-advantaged group are as likely as others to want to marry, but they place a higher premium on economic security as a condition for marriage. This is a bar that many may not meet.
The survey also finds striking differences by generation. In 1960, two-thirds (68%) of all twenty-somethings were married. In 2008, just 26% were. How many of today’s youth will eventually marry is an open question. For now, the survey finds that the young are much more inclined than their elders to view cohabitation without marriage and other new family forms — such as same sex marriage and interracial marriage — in a positive light.
Even as marriage shrinks, family — in all its emerging varieties — remains resilient. The survey finds that Americans have an expansive definition of what constitutes a family. And the vast majority of adults consider their own family to be the most important, most satisfying element of their lives.
91. According to the survey, which is the root of the sharp decline in marriage and the rise of new family forms in the United States？ A. The transformative trends in the past 50 years. B. The growing income gap.
C. Distinct attitudes and behaviors
D. Differences in class, age and race.参考答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：细节题。答案在第一段中。原话是The transformative trends of the past 50 years that have led to a sharp decline in marriage and a rise of new family forms have been shaped by attitudes and behaviors that differ by class, age and race，可知这些变化产生的根源还是在于阶级、年龄和种族的不同。
92. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The sharp decline in marriage has nothing to do with personal income. B. Adults with a college education and good income are less inclined to marry.
C. Now a higher demand on economic security as a condition for marriage has become a bar which is hard to meet. D. Unlike the elders, more young people view cohabitation without marriage unacceptable.参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：细节推理题。答案在第二段中，原话是The survey finds that those in this less-advantaged group are as likely as others to want to marry, but they place a higher premium on economic security as a condition for marriage. This is a bar that many may not meet.即现在的年轻人尤其是处于社会底层的年轻人倾向于把经济稳定性作为婚姻的重要前提，但是这一标准在现在社会很难实现。
93. According to the passage, today’s youth are much more positive about the following family forms EXCEPT _____ than their elders. A. cohabitation without marriage B. early marriage C. same sex marriage
D. interracial marriage参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：细节题。答案在第三段中。For now, the survey finds that the young are much more inclined than their elders to view cohabitation without marriage and other new family forms — such as same sex marriage and interracial marriage — in a positive light.现代年轻人对于婚前同居、同性婚姻和异族通婚都持有较为积极的观点。
94. According to this passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. New family forms — such as same sex marriage and interracial marriage — are well accepted by the vast majority of Americans. B. The survey in Paragraph 1 is accomplished by an analysis of demographic and economic data from the U.S. Census Bureau.
C. Income has more or less affected people’s inclination to marriage. D. Even though marriage is declining, a large majority of Americans still regard their own family most satisfying.参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：细节题。需要将各段中的内容综合才能得出答案。不正确的陈述为第一句，因为新的家庭形式在年轻人中获得更多的认可，但是并未说明大部分美国人都可以接受。
95. The author sounds _____ in the last paragraph.
A. optimistic B. bitter C. worried
D. ironic参考答案： A 参考答案： A
TIP：态度题。最后一段中作者指出，Even as marriage shrinks, family — in all its emerging varieties — remains resilient. And the vast majority of adults consider their own family to be the most important, most satisfying element of their lives.可见作者的态度还是相当乐观的。
TEXT D
A few years ago, teachers at Ellis Middle School in Austin, Minn., might have said that their top students were easy to identify: they completed their homework and handed it in on time; were rarely tardy; sat in the front of the class; wrote legibly; and jumped at the chance to do extra-credit assignments.
But after poring over four years of data comparing semester grades with end-of-the-year test scores on state subject exams, the teachers at Ellis began to question whether they really knew who the smartest students were. About 10 percent of the students who earned A’s and B’s in school stumbled during end-of-the-year exams. By contrast, about 10 percent of students who scraped along with C’s, D’s and even F’s — students who turned in homework late, never raised their hands and generally seemed turned off by school — did better than their eager-to-please B+ classmates.
Some of the discrepancy between grades and test scores could be explained by test anxiety — that some students have trouble showing what they know in a standardized, timed environment. And some teachers simply may have done a poor job teaching what the standardized exam tested. But Austin’s school superintendent, David Krenz, and the principal at Ellis, Katie Berglund, said the disconnection between semester grades and end-of-the-year exams was too large and persistent to be the result of such factors. “Over time, we began to realize that many teachers had been grading kids for compliance — not for mastering the course material,” Ms. Berglund said. “A portion of our A and B students were not the ones who were gaining the most knowledge but the ones who had learned to do school the best.”
Last fall, over protests from parents of some of the above-average students, the teachers at Ellis tried a new, standards-based grading system.
As test scores fast become the single and most powerful measurement by which educational outcomes are being judged, more schools might find themselves engaged in what has become a pivotal debate: Should students be rewarded for being friendly, prepared, compliant, a good school citizen, well organized and hard-working? Or should good grades represent exclusively a student’s mastery of the material?
When parents of students at Ellis Middle School look over their children’s report cards, they will find a so-called “knowledge grade,” which will be calculated by averaging the scores on end-of-unit tests. Homework is now considered practice for tests. Assignments
that are half done, handed in late or missing all together will be noted, but will not hurt a student’s grade. Nor will showing up late for class, forgetting to bring your pencil, failing to raise your hand before shouting out an answer or forgetting to bring in a permission slip for the class trip — infractions that had previously caused Ellis students’ grades to suffer.
Some parents welcome the change, for it provides grounds for equality. Their grades are more accurately reflecting their knowledge. While some other parents protest against the new policy, saying that the fact that daily homework, even when it is handed in late, accounts for only 10 percent of the grade, encourages laziness. Though they admit the old system did reward compliance, they consider revamping the policy in a way that could be of detriment to the kids who do well is not the answer. In the real world, they believe, attitude counts.
96. Which of the following is NOT a merit of the so-called top students according to teachers at Ellis Middle School? A. Being eager to get the extra credit.
B. Being self-motivated for extra-curriculum activities. C. Being cooperative in finishing the assignments.
D. Being very attentive in class.参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：细节题。第一段中，作者首先提出了传统的好学生的标准，they completed their homework and handed it in on time; were rarely tardy; sat in the front of the class; wrote legibly; and jumped at the chance to do extra-credit assignments。此处并未提到积极参加课外活动。
97. What did the teachers at Ellis find out after looking over four years of data?
A. Usually students’ performance in class is consistent with their test scores.
B. There is a big discrepancy between grades and test scores.
C. Average students did even better in final exams than those so-called top students.
D. The students were so naughty that they were playing tricks on their teachers.参考答案： B 参考答案： B
TIP：文章大意题。需要综合归纳文中的具体信息才能得出答案。回顾四年的成绩，老师们发现学生所获得的grade (相当于总评成绩) 与test score (考试成绩)之间存在不小的差距
98. In the second paragraph, the author makes comparisons between two groups of students to illustrate ____.
A. students who earned A’s and B’s in school actually are worse than students who got C’s or D’s or E’s
B. some of the discrepancy between grades and test scores could be explained by test anxiety
C. some A and B students were not the ones who were gaining the most
knowledge but the ones who had learned to do school the best D. the standard of evaluating the student’s ability is worth rethinking
参考答案： D 参考答案： D
TIP：推断题。作者将总评可以得到A或B 的学生与总评只得C、D、F的学生进行比较，吃惊地发现每组大约都有十分之一的学生的总评成绩与他们的考试成绩十分不符，意在说明学校的评判标准有待反思。所以作者在下文中进一步提到对此进行的改革。
99. The new grading system includes all the following aspects EXCEPT that ____.
A. assignment only works as a reference material to a student’s grade B. being late for class would not cause students’ loss of scores
C. the good cultivated manners at class would be taken into consideration D. the knowledge score will be calculated by averaging the scores on end-of-unit tests参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：细节题。新的分数评价体系的标准可以在倒数第二段中找到。根据这一标准，学生的学习态度和言行举止将不会cause the grades to suffer（影响学生的最终成绩）。
100. According to the passage, why are some parents NOT in favor of the new school policy?
A. Because they think the new system rewards compliance.
B. Because they think the new policy is not effective in encouraging students to study. C. Because they think the new policy doesn’t take the students’ attitude towards study into account.
D. Because they think the new policy is not fair to those who get high semester grades.参考答案： C 参考答案： C
TIP：推断题。答案在最后一段中。对于这项改革，家长们赞成者反对者皆有。反对的原因就是新的评价标准将不考虑学习态度的影响，家长们认为这会助长一些不良的习气。最后一句话In the real world, they believe, attitude counts，概括了家长们的观点。
SECTION A COMPOSITION
In recent years, some universities make TV sets available in the dormitories. Some students are happy about this, but other students seem to hold different opinions. Do you think university students should have access to TV programs? Write a composition of about 200 words.
You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion. In the last part,
bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your composition.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
参考答案：
University Students Should Not Have Access to TV Programs
It is the era of information and media. People are so eager to have access to information that they increasingly spend time on TV programs. As a result, some universities even make TV sets available in the dormitories. As far as I am concerned, university students should not have access to TV programs.
First and foremost, TV programs are considerable distractions to students’ study. Having TV sets in the dormitories means that students will spend less time on study, focusing more on the diversified TV programs. As a university student, one should exert one’s most efforts on study. Therefore, the existence of TV sets distracts students from achieving their major goals. For a better academic atmosphere in the university, students should not have access to TV programs.
Additionally, the different preferences on TV programs will cause unpleasantness among students. It is inevitable that in a dormitory, some students prefer to watch movies while some like to watch news. However, as there is only one TV set in each dormitory, it is hard for every student to get satisfaction. This sometimes brings about disputes among students, which is harmful to their relationships.
To sum up, TV programs can not only distract students from study, but also do harm to the well-being of the relationships among students. Thus, university students should not have access to TV programs. 参考答案：
University Students Should Not Have Access to TV Programs
It is the era of information and media. People are so eager to have access to information that they increasingly spend time on TV programs. As a result, some universities even make TV sets available in the dormitories. As far as I am concerned, university students should not have access to TV programs.
First and foremost, TV programs are considerable distractions to students’ study. Having TV sets in the dormitories means that students will spend less time on study, focusing more on the diversified TV programs. As a university student, one should exert one’s most efforts on study. Therefore, the existence of TV sets distracts students from achieving their major goals. For a better academic atmosphere in the university, students should not have access to TV programs.
Additionally, the different preferences on TV programs will cause unpleasantness among students. It is inevitable that in a dormitory, some students prefer to watch movies while some like to watch news. However, as there is only one TV set in each dormitory, it is hard for every student to get satisfaction. This sometimes brings about disputes among students, which is harmful to their relationships.
To sum up, TV programs can not only distract students from study, but also do harm to the well-being of the relationships among students. Thus, university students should not have access to TV programs.
SECTION B NOTE-WRITING
Write a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:
You have caught a terrible cold and a high fever, and must stay in bed for a few days. Write a note to your English teacher, Professor Liu, to explain why you cannot attend his lecture on Monday and express your apology.
参考答案：
April 20, 2011
Dear Professor Liu,
I am terribly sorry that I shall be unable to attend your lecture on Monday due to a terrible cold and a high fever. Enclosed is a certificate from the doctor saying I must stay in bed for a few days. I will make up the missed lesson as soon as possible.
Yours, Mark
参考答案：
April 20, 2011
Dear Professor Liu,
I am terribly sorry that I shall be unable to attend your lecture on Monday due to a terrible cold and a high fever. Enclosed is a certificate from the doctor saying I must stay in bed for a few days. I will make up the missed lesson as soon as possible.
Yours, Mark
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