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九年级英语专项复习导学案（名词）
姚村三中李小芳
命题预测：
预计2013河南省中招命题可能会从以下几个方面考查名词： 1•具体语境中名词的词义理解和辨析。 2. 可数名词的规则变化和不规则变化。 3. 名词所有格、不可数名词的数量表示法
预习导学：名词的分类
英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：
1、 专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。 专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。
如：Beijing, Tom, the People s Republic of China（中华人民共和国）
2、 普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如： pupil, family, man, foot. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词 ，如：box, child, oran ge； ▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如： populatio n, in formati on . 跟踪训练
1.1 have a lot of _______ 作业）to do every day. 2. His ______ 裤子）are n ew, but mi ne are old. 3. It is the best one of the ________ 照片）in my family. 4. Are they buildi ng any ______ 图书馆）in the city? 5. Can you cut this big pear into two ______ 半）？
6. At the end of ______ 八月）,you must get ready for the new school year. 7. Are these ___ （watch）yours? Yes.
8. You don't look well.You'd bett er go to the ___ （doctor） at on ce.
water, n ews, oil,
合作探究
考点一英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式 。 1、可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加 “或an”；复数形式是在名词后加 -s或 -es ”。名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：
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① 一般情况直接在词尾力卩 s。如：map — maps, boy^ boys, horses horses, table f tables.
② s,,x ,sh,ch结尾的词力卩 es如：class— classes, box^boxes,, dish— dishes, bench— ben ches.
③ 以 o 结尾的词，变复数时力卩s或 e& 如：photo— photos, pianbpianos, tomab— Tomatoes , potao — potatoes, hero — heroes, Negro — Negroes ④ 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i,再加es。如：family — families, city — cities, party— parties.
⑤ 以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v,再加e&如：shelf— shelves, wolf— wolves, life—lives, kn ife—kni ves. 中考预测
1 June 1st is ____ Day all over the world. A. Child ' sB. Childs ' C. Children 'Ds Childrens ' 2 .September 10th is ___ Day in China, isn ' t it? A. Teacher ' sB. Teachers C. Teacher D. Teacher of 3 . This is _______ n ews.
A. such a good B. a very good C. so good a D. such good 4 .What _____ it is! Let
' s go swimming.
A. a fine weather B. fine day C. a fine day D. bad weather 5 . They like Chin ese ___ .
A. food and peoples B. foods and people C. foods and people D. food and people 6 . Lucy and I go to school ___ every day. A. on feet B. on foot C. by foots D. by buses 7. -\\re those _____ ? No, they aren ' t. Teey '. A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows 8. What are you liste ning to, Jane? ___ or ____ ?
A. a music; a news B. music; news C. music; news D. music; a news 9 .How many _____ and ____ are there in your class? A. boy stude nt; girl ones B. girls stude nts; boys ones
C. boys stude nt; girl one D. girl stude nts; boy ones 考点二可数名词复数的不规则变化
① 改变单数名词中的元音字母
eg. man _____ , woman _______ , tooth __________ ,
foot _____ , goose _________ , mouse _________ Frenchman _________ , policeman _____________ (German-Germans, Norman-Normans 除夕卜) ② 单复数同形 eg. Chines _________ , deer ________
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fish ________ , sheep _________ Japanes ________ , Swiss __________
③
由man和woman构成的合成词，每个名词都要变复数 a woma n teacher ________________
④ 只有复数形式的名词，如： trousers, glasses, clothes, people, scissors, chopsticks.
⑤ 像 public, police, family, team ,group, class, crowd
等集体名词
eg. a man docto— __________________
一般以单数形式出现，当它们作主语时如果表示一个整体， 谓语动词用单数；如 果表示集体中的每一个成员，谓语动词用复数。
Eg: The police （be） searchi ng for the thieves. ⑥ •姓氏名如果采用复数形式，则表示该姓氏一家人（复数含义）,如：the Greens
（格林一家人）。 中考预测
1. A group of ___ are talki ng with two __ over there. A. Fren chme n; Germa ns B. Fren chme n; Germe n C. Germa n; Fren chme n D. Germa ns; Fren chma ns 2. That bus driver drank two ____ .
A. glass of water B. glasses of waters C. cups of tea D. cup of tea 3. Mrs. Smith is an old frie nd of ______ .
A. Bob ' s motherB. Bob ' s mother 'Cs mother of Bob 4. The tall man with a big nose is ______ teacher. A. Tom and Carl B. Tom ' s and Carl C.'Tom and Carl ' s 5. There is ____ tree in our school. A. a 8-metres-tall B. an-8-metre-tall
C. an 8 metres tall
6」n ___ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. few year B. a few years C.few years D. a few year ' s 7. Did you hear the ______report? A. police B. policemen ' C . policemans 8. We bought ____ for my mother 9. -Whose is this new desk?- It ' s _____ .
A. Sue and Jim ' B. Sue and Jim C. Sue ' s and Jim ' s
10. -Would you like ______coffee?- No, thanks. I ' ve drunk two __. A.a ny; bottles of orange B. little; bottle of oran ges C. some; bottles of orange D. a few; bottle of orange 11. -How many _____ do you wan t?-Two, please.
A. kilos of egg B. kilo of eggs C. kilos of eggs D. kilo of bread
D. policemens
D. Bob mother ' s
'
' s birthday.
A. some meats B. some pieces meat C. a piece of meat D. pieces of meats
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考点三不可数名词：物质名词(water, ink, wood, rice等)和抽象名词(peace, love, health,
knowledge, English等)都属于不可数名词。不可数名词的数量常用某个 量词(piece, bag, glass, cup, drop等)+of 来表示。
跟踪训练：两块面包 ______________ 五滴水 ____________________
三袋大米 ________________ 一杯茶 _____________________
考点四名词的所有格
（1）
名词常在词尾加’
童节）,my sister' s book俄姐姐的书）
表示人或其它有生命的东西的s。如：Childern' s Day（儿
（2） 以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如：Teachers Day（教师节） （3）
离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词 s.如：
today' s newspaper今天的报纸）,China' s population（中国的人口）.
（4） 无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词，一般均可用介词of短语来表示所 有关系。如： a fine daughter of the Party党的好女儿）.
（5） ‘ s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunt' s俄阿姨家）,the doctor' s（诊所）
（6） 两人共有某物时，可以采用 A and B' s的形式，如：Lucy and Lily ' s bedroom（露西和丽丽合住的卧室），两人各有各的东西时，用A' s and B' s的形 式,女口： Lucy' s and Lily' s bedrooms
（7） “ of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”，称为双重所有格，如：a friend of my father' s（我父亲的一位朋友）,a friend of mine（我的一位朋友） 中考预测
-How many ____ do you wan t?-Two, please.
A. kilos of egg B. kilo of eggs C. kilos of eggs D. kilo of bread 2. The railway stati on is two ____ from our house.
A. hour ' s drive B. hours ' drivC. hour-drive D. hours drive
1. 3.
有些表示时间、距
，也可在词尾加’
-Where are you going, Lucy?- _____ .
A. To my uncle B. To my uncle .'sC.At my uncle D. At my uncle ' s 4. Have you read _____ ?
A. a newspaper of today B.'today newspaper C. today's newspaper 5. There ' re a lot of ____ down there, but hardly any ___ .
A. horse; people B. horses; peoples C. cow; people D. sheep; people 6. Lucy put a lot of ____ in ____ of tea. （2000西安） A. sugar; the two cup B. sugars; the two cups
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C. sugar; the two cups D. sugars; two cups
Mr. Lin ofte n gives us _____ by e-mail. （2000上海） A. some good in formatio n B. some good in formati ons C. good in formati ons D. a good in formatio n
8. - Is this your room?-No, it' s ____ room.（2000广州）
A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple 9. Would you give me ______ , please? A.two papers B.two piece of paper C.two pieces of paper D.two pieces of papers
7.
考点五名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题： I、 主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式：女口： The computer
was a great invention The water in the glassjs very cold. 2、集体名词（如 family, class, team, group, row, police, school等）做句子主语时, 如果表示整体概念，则谓语用单数形式，如：Class Three is a very good class. 如果表示其所有成员时，则谓语用复数形式，如：Class Three have a map of China. 3、 Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, peop等表示单个时谓语用单数，表示许多时，谓 语用复数。女口： There is a sheep in the yard院子里有只绵羊）/ There are some sheep in the yard.（院子里有一些绵羊）
4、 maths, news等虽然有s结尾，但不是复数，因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very excit ing.
5> glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, glove等名词往往用复数形式，故谓语用复数。女口： The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them .裤子很便宜，我想买） 6 and连接两个名词做主语时，谓语原则上用复数，但是两个名词若构成一个整体 事物时，谓语则用单数。如：The teacher and his son are picking即ples now老师和 他的儿子在摘苹果）/ Fish and chips is very famous food.（鱼和薯条是一种出名 的食品） 7、 there be句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如： There is a table and four chairs in the room.（房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子）
8、 用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时，谓语一般用复数。如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow你和我明天要求都来 ）
9、 主语中含有with的短语时，谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。女口： A woman with a 7-year-old child was sta nding at the side of the road. 一名妇女带着一个七岁 的孩子（当时）就站在路边） 10、 原
贝U。如： Either you or he is right. Neither you nor I am going there. II、 表示一段时间、长度、重量或金钱概念的复数名词做主语时
either— or…或者neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时，谓语采用就近
，谓语一般用单
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数。如： Two mon ths is not a short time. Two thousa nd kilometers is quite a long dista nca
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例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
1. They got much ____ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. n ews D. stories
解析：much是用来修饰不可数名词的，A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式 不可数名词，因此选C.
2.1 have two ______ and three bottles of _________ here. A. oran ge, orange C. oran ges, orange
B. oran ges, oran ges D. oran ge, oran ges
，C项为
解析：orange有两种含义，一种可数名词橘子，另一种是不可数名词橘汁 可数名词，第二空填不可数名词，因此选C。
3. Every eve ning M r. Ki ng takes a _______ to his home . A. 25 minutes ' walk C. 25 mi nute walk
B. 25 minute ' s walk D. 25 mi nu tes walk
，此题第一空应填
4. An old A. people
wants to see you.
B. pers C. the people D. the pers on
on 解析：句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式，只+ '而不能+s,因此选A。 解析:person与people都有\"人\"的意思，但用法不同.一个人\"用“a person ”， 两个人”用“ two persons ” ; pe泛指 a people 指 一个民族”应选 B。 A. chicke ns and apples 5. Help yourself to
C. chicke n and apple
解析：chicken可用作可数名词指小鸡
人们”是集合名词，表示复数，the people指 人民”
B. chicke ns and apple D. chicke n and apples
,用作不可数名词指鸡肉，根据词题意应理解为鸡
肉;apple为可数名词，故应+s,因此选
解析A. room :room number ' s number B. rooms 房间号码 .room '
nu mber C. room nu mbers 可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词
D. rooms ' numbers .类似的
还有
6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two
phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等. 应选 C。
7. She has bee n in Tianj in for ten years. Tianj in has become her sec ond _____ A. family
B. house C. home
D. room
解析：family指的是家庭或是家庭成员；house指的是房子（住所）;room指的是房间；而home 指的是家，因此选C.
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mothers could
8. n
A. Mary and Peter
t go to the meet ing, because they have gone to Shan ghai . B. Mary and Peter
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C. Mary ' s and Peter D. Mary ' s and Peter ' s 解析：此句中 “mothers是复数，表示两个人各自的母亲，因此应选D。
9. 8. mothers could n
A. Mary and Peter ' s C. Mary ' s and Peter
't go to the meeting，because they have gone to Shanghai .
B. Mary and Peter D. Mary ' s and Peter ' s
” •表示具体场所时，可省去所有格后面的名词•
解析：此句意为李雷这个去她舅舅家多次 因此选B。
10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn
A. many experie nces C. an experie nee
' t ________ in teaching.
B. much experie nee D. a lot experie nee
解析：experienee 作 经验”讲时是不可数名词，作 经历\"讲时是可数名词.本句中应理 解为 经验\"因此是不可数名词 排除A C.又因a lot of , lots of, plenty of只用于肯定句 不用于否定句，因此选B。 11. A classmate of ________ was here ten minu tes ago.
A. you
B. your
C. your sister .应选D。
D. your sister ' s
解析：此题考查名词的双重所有格
12. A group of ________ are talk ing with two __________ .
A. Fren chme n，Germa ns C. Fren chma ns，Germe n
B. Germa ns，Fren chma ns D. Germe n，Fren chme n
解析：Frenchman是复合词，其复数形式为 Frenchmen; German的复数为直接在单词末尾 +S,应选A.
13. _______________The team
A. is B. are
hav ing a meeti ng .
C. am D. be
解析：team是一个集合名词，即可表示复数意义（指整个小组），也可指小组中的成员（表示复 数），此题意为后者，因此选B。
A. drink，Three
14. coffees “ Would you like _______ ?
B. a cup of drink，
Coffees “ ________ ，please. ”
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C. a drink，A coffee
解析:drink和coffee是不可数名词 当前面加a时，则表示
D. a drink，Three cups of coffees
可以用 …of来表示数量 ，eg，three cups of
一杯”.因此选Co
15. The Great Wall was made not only by _______ ，but also the flesh and blood of ______ men.
A.earth and stone，millio ns of C. the earth and stone，million 解析：earth是不可数名词，因此删除
B. earths and ston es，milli ons D. the earths and ston es，milli B D,数以百万的应为 millio ns of.
因此选A。
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！ 选择最佳答案：
1. Last ni ght, there was a food accide nt. The ______ were ill, but no ______ were lost.
A. child, lives B. childre n, life C. childre n, lives D. child, life 2. ---This is a photo of _______ whe n they were young. ---OK, how happy they both looked! A. my father and mother C. my mother's and father's
B. my mother and father's D.my father's and my mother
3. The new stude nt is in ________ , Grade Two.
A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class
4. Today is September 10th. It's ___________ Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.
A. Teachers
B. Teachers'
C. the Teachers'
D. Teacher's
5. The market isn't far from here. It's only _______ bicycle ride. A.half an hours' B. half an hour's C. half an hour 6. --- What would you like to drink, girls? --- _________ , please. A.Two cup of coffee C. Two cups of coffee
B. Two cups of coffe D. Two cups of coffees
D. an hour and a half
7. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for ________ A. fun
B. wishes
C. in terest
D. tha nks
8. Some ________ are flying kites n ear the river. A. child
B. boy
C. boys
D. childs
9. After the exam, we'll have _____ holiday.
A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks' D. two week's 10. They are those ________ bags.Please put them on the bus. A. visitor
B. visitors
C. visitor's
D. visitors'
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11. --- How many workers are there in your factory? ---There are two ___________ . A. hun dreds
B. hun dred
C. hun dred of
D. hun dreds of
12. ---What do you thi nk of the _____ the Moo nl ight Son ata by Beethove n?
---It sounds really won derful. A. subject
B. music
C. book
D. ani mal
13. There is not eno ugh _______ in the corner for the fridge. A. place
B. room
C. field
D. ground
14. ________ comes from sheep and some people like eat ing it A. Wool
B. Pork
C. Mutton
D. Milk
15. If you don't take more _______ , you'll get fat.
A. medici ne B. less ons C. photos
16. My school is about twenty _______ walk from here.
A. minute
B. minu tes' C. minu tes's D. minu tes
D. exercise
17. Mum, I have ______ to tell you! A. a good n ews
B. some good n ews
C. some good n ewes D. much good n ews
18. Which is the ______ to the post office? A. street
B. way
C. road
D. address
19. I stayed at _______ last Su nday. A. my un cles
B. my un cles' C. my un cle's D. my un cle's family
20. Maths _______ not easy to lear n.
A. are
1-5 CBCBB
B. is
6-10 CACCD C. am D. were11-15 ABBCD 16-20 BBBCB
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