高中英语 Unit 2 Onwards and upwards(第2课时)Using languag

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Best Children's Books of 2019

Best Spanish：Que Cosas Dice Mi Abuela

Spanish­speaking parents will love this fun book — which is translated into “The Things My Grandmother Says〞— in which a grandmother teaches manners to her grandchildren and their friends using traditional Spanish­language sayings. Written in the voice of a little boy talking about his regular day，this book will draw the interest of adults and kids alike. The illustrations and bright colors are appealing to toddlers.

Best Overall Message：I Like Myself!

Self­trust is the name of the game with this fun kids' book. With its bold and colorful illustrations and fun rhymes，ILikeMyself! is sure to be a regular on your kid's reading list. Parents won't mind reading the story over and over to their kids，either，as they pass along the message that their kids are perfect just the way they are — no matter their messy hair, or whether they're fast or slow.

Best Silly: Dragons Love Tacos (炸玉米饼)

While books with a deep message are great, sometimes you and your child just want to read something silly to get the laughs rolling. TheNewYorkTimes bestseller,

DragonsLoveTacos is a great read for kids and parents as it talks about how much

dragons really love tacos, but when they eat something spicy you'd better watch out! The book has more words than some of the other picks on our list, so this might be suited for preschoolers and up.

本文是一篇应用文。文中介绍了2019年发行的几本儿童畅销书，这些书不仅情节动人，而且有些里面还有精美的图片，这对孩子和父母都具有很大的吸引力。

1．Which language does QueCosasDiceMiAbuela use to show some traditional sayings?

A．Spanish.

B．English.

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word C．Chinese. 答案：A

D．French.

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Spanish­speaking parents will love this fun book—which is translated into ‘The Things My Grandmother Says’—in which a grandmother teaches manners to her grandchildren and their friends using traditional Spanish­language sayings.〞可知，这本书中含有一些西班牙语的谚语。应当选A。

2．Why will parents like to read ILikeMyself! to their kids many times? A．It has some beautiful pictures in it. B．It has more words than other books. C．It contains many funny games for kids. D．It develops kids' self­trust. 答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Self­trust is the name of the game with this fun kids' book.〞和“Parents won't mind reading the story over and over to their kids, either, as they pass along the message that their kids are perfect just the way they are—no matter their messy hair, or whether they're fast or slow.〞可知，这本书表达的是要培养孩子的自信心。应当选D。

3．What happens to the dragons in DragonsLoveTacos? A．Their behaviors make children around laugh aloud. B．They are unhappy because of their bad food. C．They eat some spicy food and have funny behaviors. D．They teach parents how to make delicious food for kids. 答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“TheNewYorkTimes bestseller,

DragonsLoveTacos is a great read for kids and parents as it talks about how much

dragons really love tacos, but when they eat something spicy you'd better watch out！〞可知，在这本书中这些龙吃了一些很辣的东西，由此产生出一些有趣的行为。应当选C。

B

In a recent series of experiments at the University of California, researchers studied toddlers' thinking about winners and losers, bullies (欺凌者) and victims.

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word In the first experiment, toddlers watched a scene in which two puppets (木偶) had conflicting goals: One was crossing a stage from right to left, and the other from left to right. The puppets met in the middle and stopped. Eventually one puppet bowed down and moved aside, letting the other one pass by. Then researchers asked the toddlers which puppet they liked. The result: 20 out of 23 toddlers picked the higher­status puppet—the one that did not bow or move aside. It seems that individuals can gain status for being dominant (占优势的) and toddlers like winners better than losers.

But then researchers had another question: Do toddlers like winners no matter how they win? So, researchers did another experiment very similar to the one described above. But this time, the conflict ended because one puppet knocked the other down and out of the way. Now when the toddlers were asked who they liked, the results were different: Only 4 out of 23 children liked the winner.

These data suggest that children already love a winner by the age of 21—31 months. This does not necessarily mean that the preference is inborn: 21 months is enough time to learn a lot of things. But if a preference for winners is something we learn, we appear to learn it quite early.

Even more interesting, the preference for winners is not absolute. Children in our study did not like a winner who knocked a competitor down. This suggests that already by the age of 21—31 months, children's liking for winners is balanced with other social concerns, including perhaps a general preference for nice or helpful people over aggressive ones.

In a time when the news is full of stories of public figures who celebrate winning at all costs, these results give us much confidence. Humans understand dominance, but we also expect strong individuals to guide, protect and help others. This feels like good news.

本文是一篇说明文。介绍了研究人员进展了一系列的试验，研究幼儿对赢家和输家、欺凌者和受害者的态度。

4．One of the purposes of the experiments is to ________. A．teach toddlers how to gain higher status B．offer toddlers a chance to watch a scene

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word C．observe the process of toddlers' solving a conflict D．find out toddlers' attitude toward winners and losers 答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“researchers studied toddlers' thinking about winners and losers, bullies (欺凌者) and victims.〞可知，研究人员研究了幼儿对赢家和输家、欺凌者和受害者的看法，由此可知，试验的其中一个目的是查明幼儿对赢家和输家的态度，故D项正确。

5．The toddlers regarded bowing and moving aside as a sign of ________. A．obeying rules

C．giving in to the other 答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The result: 20 out of 23 toddlers picked the higher­status puppet—the one that did not bow or move aside. It seems that individuals can gain status for being dominant (占优势的) and toddlers like winners better than losers.〞可知，23名幼儿中有20名选择了地位较高的玩偶，即不鞠躬也不让开的玩偶，似乎每个人都可以通过占优势而获得地位，幼儿更喜欢赢家而不是输家，由此可知，幼儿把鞠躬和让开看作是向对方屈服的标志，故C项正确。

6．What does the second experiment tell us about toddlers? A．They are excellent learners. B．They are always changeable. C．They show mercy to the loser. D．They value kindness over winning. 答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Children in our study did not like a winner who knocked a competitor down. This suggests that already by the age of 21—31 months, children's liking for winners is balanced with other social concerns, including perhaps a general preference for nice or helpful people over aggressive ones.〞可知，第二个试验中孩子们不喜欢击倒对方的赢家，这明确到21—31个月大时，孩子们对赢家的喜爱是与其他社会问题相平衡的，其中包括友善或乐于助人的人的普遍偏爱，而不是好斗的人，由此可知，第二个试验明确21—23个月大的孩子看重友善胜过获胜，故D项正确。

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B．gaining status D．showing good manners

word 7．What does the author think of the results of the series of experiments? A．Disappointing. C．Unexpected. 答案：B

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“these results give us much confidence.〞(这些结果给了我们很大的自信)与“This feels like good news.〞(这听起来是个好消息)可知，作者认为试验结果是令人鼓舞的，故B项正确。

Ⅱ.七选五

Lots of people give you advice on overcoming fear. __1__ However, I want to tell you that a world without fear would be more dangerous, less rewarding. So we want to treat fear as a friend? Here are three reasons.

__2__ Think about it. Do you get more nervous when you meet the girl (or guy) of your dreams? Which is more fearful, talking to the boss of your company or to some of your friends? __3__ If you didn't have fear to guide you, you might not know that! Not so bad, right?

Next, fear encourages us to take action. Fear is a call to action. In the past, our ancestors didn't run away in fear when they saw a tiger running toward them but tried to kill it for food. Now, most of us don't face serious danger like hungry tigers every day, but we do face serious bosses or public speaking. So, what can we do? __4__

Lastly, fear lets you know you are alive. Why do we like roller coasters? __5__ Same for horror movies.

So fear can guide you towards what's important for you and encourage you to take action to improve. Don't we all need that kind of friend?

A．Don't fear to be wrong.

B．It frightens us in a mostly safe way. C．Imagine what life would be like without fear.

D．The first is that fear is an excellent guide to opportunity. E．They say if you can overcome fear, you will be successful. F．Let fear provide us with the energy to do what needs to be done. G．Fear is showing you what is important and what matters to you.

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B．Encouraging. D．Controversial.

word 现实生活中很多人在想方法抑制恐惧，但是恐惧也是有好的一面的，它能够帮助我们成长。本文是一篇说明文，揭示了恐惧的好处，告诉我们恐惧其实并不可怕。

1．E解析：根据所缺句子的后一句However, I want to tell you that a world without fear would be more dangerous, less rewarding.然而，我却想告诉你，一个没有恐惧的世界可能会更加危险而回报较少。从表达转折的However这里推断出前一句说的意思应该与这一句相反。应当选E。

2．D解析：本文是一篇总分结构的说明文，作者分三个方面说明了恐惧存在的合理性，在后两段开头有Next以与Lastly表示顺序的词，说明前面应该还有一个第一点。应当选D。

3．G解析：由上一题可知，这一段说的是恐惧是机会的绝佳导航。该空前面的句子是比照面对公司老板和面对朋友的时候哪一种情况更让你害怕，后一句是说，如果没有恐惧在引导着你，你可能根本就不知道这个。结合选项意思，G适宜，应当选G。

4．F解析：该句所在段落在描述作者的第二个观点——恐惧促使我们采取行动。该空前说古时候我们的先人面对老虎不会逃而是迎上去与其搏斗，现在社会上没有老虎，但是有我们的老板和公众演讲，我们要怎么办呢？结合采取行动的段落大意，应当选F。

5．B解析：该句所在段落是作者第三个观点，恐惧使我们认识到我们还活着。为什么我们喜欢云霄飞车？以与该空后一句，恐怖电影也是这样。结合选项，B最适宜，应当选B。

Ⅲ.概要写作

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

All parents know exercise is important for children: It can lower heart risks, control weight，and help kids do better in school. Plus, outdoor activities at an early age can go a long way toward helping children form healthy habits for life. In other words, exercise is needed for healthy development. But don't expect kids to understand about those things. Some kids just aren't into exercise, but that shouldn't mean they have to be addicted to the TV. So parents could do something to help inactive son or daughter fall in love with physical activity.

If parents sit in front of the TV every night, a bag of chips in hand, kids aren't likely to respect restrictions (限制) you set on their screen time either. So check your own viewing behavior, and serve as a role model by putting physical activity into your everyday life. When you can，walk instead of driving. Regularly participate in activities that you enjoy and let your kids see—and hear about—how much you enjoy them. In this way，they may “do as the Romans do〞. Make sure that children's

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word fitness is included in the family schedule in the same way that school，work，shopping, and family gatherings find their way onto the calendar. You and your children are more likely to stick to an exercise plan if you incorporate (并入) it into your life on a routine basis. And your children will begin to expect and accept that Sunday morning usually means a hike ride, and a couple of nights after dinner the family takes a light walk through the neighborhood.

Children who aren't naturally good at physical activities may be self­conscious about their lack of physical skills and even fear public failure. These kids need all the support and encouragement from parents. Negative comments don't work and will only serve to make your child feel bad. Remember, acknowledge the effort—choosing to be active or trying to improve a skill—rather than the outcome.

Since exercise is significant for children's healthy growth, parents could do something to help their physically­inactive kids love doing exercise with the following tips. (要点1) Primarily, mind parents' own behavior and set good examples for children so that they will follow suit. (要点2) Besides, make exercise a family routine and in this way kids will gradually get accustomed to it. (要点3) Moreover, give children positive feedback and lay emphasis on the process (efforts) they made during physical activity rather than the outcome. (要点4)

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