常用缓冲溶液的配制方法 1. 磷酸氢二钠–柠檬酸缓冲液··········································································2 2.柠檬酸–柠檬酸钠缓冲液(0.1 mol/L)··························································2 3.甘氨酸–盐酸缓冲液(0.05 mol/L)·······························································3 4.邻苯二甲酸–盐酸缓冲液(0.05 mol/L)·························································3 5.乙酸–乙酸钠缓冲液(0.2 mol/L)································································3 6.磷酸盐缓冲液·························································································3 7.磷酸二氢钾–氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.05M)························································4 8.巴比妥钠-盐酸缓冲液(18℃)····································································4 9.硼酸–硼砂缓冲液(0.2M硼酸根)·······························································5 10.甘氨酸–氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.05M)·····························································5 11.碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠缓冲液(0.1M)·······························································5 12.Tris–盐酸缓冲液(0.05M,25℃)······························································6 13.硼砂-氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.05M硼酸根)·······················································6 14.PBS缓冲液···························································································6 15. B-R缓冲溶液配制···················································································7 16. 常用pH缓冲溶液的配制和pH值································································7 1 1. 磷酸氢二钠–柠檬酸缓冲液 pH 0.2mol/L Na2HPO4(mL) 0.1mol/L 柠檬酸(mL) pH 0.2mol/L Na2HPO4 (mL) 0.1mol/L柠檬酸(mL) 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 0.40 1.24 2.18 3.17 4.11 4.94 5.70 6.44 7.10 7.71 8.28 8.82 9.35 9.86 10.30 19.60 18.76 17.82 16.83 15.89 15.06 14.30 13.56 12.90 12.29 11.72 11.18 10.65 10.14 9.70 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.0 10.72 11.15 11.60 12.09 12.63 13.22 13.85 14.55 15.45 16.47 17.39 18.17 18.73 19.15 19.45 9.28 8.85 8.40 7.91 7.37 6.78 6.15 5.45 4.55 3.53 2.61 1.83 1.27 0.85 0.55 Na2HPO4分子量 = 14.98,0.2 mol/L溶液为28.40克/升。 Na2HPO4·2H2O分子量 = 178.05,0.2 mol/L溶液含35.01克/升。 C4H2O7·H2O分子量 = 210.14,0.1 mol/L溶液为21.01克/升。 2.柠檬酸–柠檬酸钠缓冲液(0.1 mol/L) pH 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 0.1 mol/L 柠檬酸(mL) 18.6 17.2 16.0 14.9 14.0 13.1 12.3 11.4 10.3 9.2 0.1 mol/L 柠檬酸钠(mL) 1.4 2.8 4.0 5.1 6.0 6.9 7.7 8.6 9.7 10.8 pH 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.6 0.1 mol/L 柠檬酸(mL) 8.2 7.3 6.4 5.5 4.7 3.8 2.8 2.0 1.4 0.1 mol/L 柠檬酸钠(mL) 11.8 12.7 13.6 14.5 15.3 16.2 17.2 18.0 18.6 柠檬酸C6H8O7·H2O:分子量210.14,0.1 mol/L溶液为21.01克/升。 柠檬酸钠Na3 C6H5O7·2H2O:分子量294.12,0.1 mol/L溶液为29.41克/毫升。 柠檬酸–氢氧化钠-盐酸缓冲液 pH 2.2 3.1 3.3 钠离子浓度 (mol/L) 0.20 0.20 0.20 柠檬酸(克) 氢氧化钠(克) C6H8O7·H2O NaOH 97% 210 210 210 2 盐酸(mL) HCl(浓) 160 116 106 最终体积(升)① 10 10 10 84 83 83 4.3 5.3 5.8 6.5 0.20 0.35 0.45 0.38 210 245 285 266 83 144 186 156 45 68 105 126 10 10 10 10 3.甘氨酸–盐酸缓冲液(0.05 mol/L) X毫升0.2 mol/L甘氨酸+Y毫升0.2 mol/L HCI,再加水稀释至200毫升 pH 2.0 2.4 2.6 2.8 X 50 50 50 50 Y 44.0 32.4 24.2 16.8 pH 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 X 50 50 50 50 Y 11.4 8.2 6.4 5.0 甘氨酸分子量 = 75.07,0.2 mol/L甘氨酸溶液含15.01克/升。 4.邻苯二甲酸–盐酸缓冲液(0.05 mol/L) X毫升0.2 mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾 + 0.2 mol/L HCl,再加水稀释到20毫升 pH(20℃) 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 X 5 5 5 5 5 Y 4.070 3.960 3.295 2.642 2.022 pH(20℃) 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 X 5 5 5 5 Y 1.470 0.990 0.597 0.263 邻苯二甲酸氢钾分子量 = 204.23,0.2 mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢溶液含40.85克/升 5.乙酸–乙酸钠缓冲液(0.2 mol/L) pH(18℃) 2.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 0.2 mol/L NaAc(mL) 0.75 1.20 1.80 2.65 3.70 4.90 0.3 mol/L HAc(mL) 9.25 8.80 8.20 7.35 6.30 5.10 pH(18℃) 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 0.2 mol/L NaAc(mL) 5.90 7.00 7.90 8.60 9.10 9.40 0.3 mol/L HAc(mL) 4.10 3.00 2.10 1.40 0.90 0.60 Na2Ac·3H2O分子量 = 136.09,0.2 mol/L溶液为27.22克/升。 6.磷酸盐缓冲液 (1)磷酸氢二钠–磷酸二氢钠缓冲液(0.2) pH 5.8 5.9 0.2 mol/L 0.3 mol/L Na2HPO4(mL) NaH2PO4(mL) 8.0 10.0 92.0 90.0 3 pH 7.0 7.1 0.2 mol/L 0.3 mol/L Na2HPO4(mL) NaH2PO4(mL) 61.0 67.0 39.0 33.0 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 12.3 15.0 18.5 22.5 26.5 31.5 37.5 43.5 49.5 55.0 87.7 85.0 81.5 77.5 73.5 68.5 62.5 56.5 51.0 45.0 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 8.0 72.0 77.0 81.0 84.0 87.0 89.5 91.5 93.0 94.7 28.0 23.0 19.0 16.0 13.0 10.5 8.5 7.0 5.3 Na2HPO4·2H2O分子量 = 178.05,0.2 mol/L溶液为85.61克/升。 Na2HPO4·12H2O分子量 = 358.22,0.2 mol/L溶液为71.64克/升。 Na2HPO4·2H2O分子量 = 156.03,0.2 mol/L溶液为31.21克/升。 (2)磷酸氢二钠–磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(1/15 mol/L) pH 4.92 5.29 5.91 6.24 6.47 6.64 6.81 6.98 mol/L/15Na2HPO4 (mL) 0.10 0.50 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 mol/L//15KH2PO4 (mL) 9.90 9.50 9.00 8.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 pH 7.17 7.38 7.73 8.04 8.34 8.67 8.18 mol/L//15Na2HPO4 (mL) 7.00 8.00 9.00 9.50 9.75 9.90 10.00 mol/L//15KH2PO4 (mL) 3.00 2.00 1.00 0.50 0.25 0.10 0 Na2HPO4·2H2O分子量 = 178.05,1/15M溶液为11.876克/升。 KH2PO4分子量 = 136.09,1/15M溶液为9.078克/升。 7.磷酸二氢钾–氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.05M) X毫升0.2M K2PO4 + Y毫升0.2N NaOH加水稀释至29毫升 pH(20℃) 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.8 X (mL) 5 5 5 5 5 5 Y(mL) 0.372 0.570 0.860 1.260 1.780 2.365 pH(20℃) 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.0 X (mL) 5 5 5 5 5 5 Y(mL) 2.963 3.500 3.950 4.280 4.520 4.680 8.巴比妥钠-盐酸缓冲液(18℃) pH 6.8 7.0 7.2 0.04M巴比妥钠溶液 100 100 100 0.2V盐酸 18.4 17.8 16.7 4 pH 8.4 8.6 8.8 0.04M巴比妥钠溶液(mL) 100 100 100 0.2N盐酸(mL) 5.21 3.82 2.52 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.0 8.2 100 100 100 100 100 15.3 13.4 11.47 9.39 7.21 9.0 9.2 9.4 9.6 100 100 100 100 100 1.65 1.13 0.70 0.35 巴比妥钠盐分子量=206.18;0.04M溶液为8.25克/升 9.硼酸–硼砂缓冲液(0.2M硼酸根) pH 7.4 7.6 7.8 8.0 0.05M硼砂(mL) 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 0.2M硼砂(mL) 9.0 8.5 8.0 7.0 pH 8.2 8.4 8.7 9.0 0.05M硼砂(mL) 3.5 4.5 6.0 8.0 0.2M硼酸(mL) 6.5 5.5 4.0 2.0 硼砂Na2B4O7·H2O,分子量=381.43;0.05M溶液(=0.2M硼酸根)含19.07克/升。 硼酸H2BO3,分子量=61.84,0.2M溶液为12.37克/升。 硼砂易失去结晶水,必须在带塞的瓶中保存。 10.甘氨酸–氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.05M) X毫升0.2M甘氨酸+Y毫升0.2NnaOH加水稀释至200毫升 pH 8.6 8.8 9.0 9.2 9.4 X 50 50 50 50 50 Y 4.0 6.0 8.8 12.0 16.8 pH 9.6 9.8 10.0 10.4 10.6 X 50 50 50 50 50 Y 22.4 27.2 32.0 38.6 45.5 甘氨酸分子量=75.07;0.2M溶液含15.01克/升。 11.碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠缓冲液(0.1M) Ca2+、Mg2+存在时不得使用 pH 20℃ 9.16 9.40 9.51 9.78 9.90 10.14 10.28 10.53 10.83 37℃ 8.77 9.12 9.40 9.50 9.72 9.90 10.08 10.28 10.57 0.1MNa2CO3(mL) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0.1MN2HCO3(mL) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Na2CO2·10H2O分子量=286.2;0.1M溶液为28.62克/升。 N2HCO3分子量=84.0;0.1M溶液为8.40克/升。 5 12.Tris–盐酸缓冲液(0.05M,25℃) 50毫升0.1M三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)溶液与X毫升0.1N盐酸混匀后,加水稀释至100毫升。 pH 7.10 7.20 7.30 7.40 7.50 7.60 7.70 7.80 7.90 8.00 X(mL) 45.7 44.7 43.4 42.0 40.3 38.5 36.6 34.5 32.0 29.2 pH 8.10 8.20 8.30 8.40 8.50 8.60 8.70 8.80 8.90 X(mL) 26.2 22.9 19.9 17.2 14.7 12.4 10.3 8.5 7.0 HOCH2CH2OH三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)分子量=121.14; CAS[77-86-1] C分子式:C4H11NO3 化学名称: (Tris(hydroxy methyl)amino methane HOCH2NH2外观(Appearance):白色结晶体 含量(Count):99%min 熔点(MP):168-171℃ 0. 1M溶液为12.114克/升。Tris溶液可从空气中吸收二氧化碳,使用时注意将瓶盖严。 13.硼砂-氢氧化钠缓冲液(0.05M硼酸根) X毫升0.05M硼砂+Y毫升0.2NNaOH加水稀释至200毫升 pH 9.3 9.4 9.6 X 50 50 50 Y 6.0 11.0 23.0 pH 9.8 10.0 10.1 X 50 50 50 Y 34.0 43.0 46.0 硼砂Na2B4O7·10H2O,分子量=381.43;0.05M溶液为19.07克/升。 14.PBS缓冲液 PBS:Phosphate Buffered Saline:含0.05%吐温-20的pH7.4的磷酸盐缓冲液(简称为PBS-T)配制方法为: 称取磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4),磷酸氢二钠(Na2HPO4·12H2O),氯化钠(NaCl),氯化钾(KCl),吐温-20 ,加水。 PBS 1L配方pH7.4: 磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4):0.27g, 磷酸氢二钠(Na2HPO4):1.42g, 氯化钠(NaCl):8g, 氯化钾(KCl)0.2g, 加去离子水约800mL充分搅拌溶解,然后加入浓盐酸调pH至7.4,最后定容到1L。高温高压灭菌后室温保存。 PBS缓冲液(pH7.2~7.4): NaCl 137mmol/L,KCl 2.7mmol/L,Na2HPO4 10mmol/L, KH2PO4 2mmol/L PBS缓冲液一般作为溶剂,起溶解保护试剂的作用, 具体试剂一般也有不同的比例配方,在针对性上就有了更好的效果。 1x PBS缓冲液就是使用0.1M(磷酸根浓度)的PBS配置, 可直接使用, 2x PBS就是2倍浓度 ,使 6 用时稀释一倍使用。 0.01M的PBS一般不用来配置缓冲液, 用于其它用处。 pH H2O NaCl Na2HPO4 NaH2PO4 7.6 1000 8.5 2.2 0.1 7.4 1000 8.5 2.2 0.2 7.2 1000 8.5 2.2 0.3 7.0 100ml 8.5g 2.2g 0.4g 15. B-R缓冲溶液配制 Britton-Robinson Buffer Solution (伯瑞坦-罗比森缓冲溶液) 在100 ml三酸混合液(磷酸、乙酸、硼酸,浓度均为0.04 mol/L)中,加入表中指定体积的0.2 mol/LNaOH,即得表中相应PH值的缓冲溶液。 pH 1.81 1.89 1.98 2.09 2.21 2.36 2.56 2.87 3.29 3.78 NaOH(ml) 0.00 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 4.10 4.35 4.56 4.78 5.02 pH 5.33 5.72 6.09 6.37 6.59 6.8 7.00 7.24 7.54 7.96 25.0 27.5 30.0 32.5 35.0 NaOH(ml) 37.5 40.0 42.5 45.0 47.5 50.0 52.5 55.0 57.5 60.0 8.36 8.69 8.95 9.15 9.37 pH 9.62 9.91 10.38 10.88 11.2 11.4 11.58 11.7 11.82 11.92 62.5 65.0 67.5 70.0 72.5 NaOH(ml) 75.0 77.5 80.0 82.5 85.0 87.5 90.0 92.5 95.0 97.5 16. 常用pH缓冲溶液的配制和pH值 序号 溶液名称 1 2 3 4 配制方法 13.0 ml 0.2 mol/L HCl 与25.0 ml 0.2 mol/L KCl混合均匀后,加水稀释至100 ml 在500 ml 水中溶解氨基乙酸150 g,加480 ml浓盐酸,再加水稀释至1L 在200 ml 水中溶解2 g 一氯乙酸后,加40 g NaOH,溶解完全后再加水稀释至1 L 把25.0 ml 0.2 mol/L的邻苯二甲酸氢钾溶液与6.0 ml 0.1 mol/L HCl混合均匀,加水稀释至100 ml 7 pH值 1.7 2.3 2.8 3.6 氯化钾-盐酸 氨基乙酸-盐酸 一氯乙酸-氢氧化钠 邻苯二甲酸氢钾-盐酸 序号 溶液名称 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 邻苯二甲酸氢钾-氢氧化钠 六亚甲基四胺-盐酸 磷酸二氢钾-氢氧化钠 硼酸-氯化钾-氢氧化钠 氯化铵-氨水 硼酸-氯化钾-氢氧化钠 氨基乙酸-氯化钠-氢氧化钠 磷酸氢二钠-氢氧化钠 氯化钾-氢氧化钠 配制方法 把25.0 ml 0.2 mol/L的邻苯二甲酸氢钾溶液与17.5 ml 0.1 mol/L NaOH混合均匀,加水稀释至100 ml 在200 ml水中溶解六亚甲基四胺40 g,加浓HCl 10 ml,再加水稀释至1 L 把25.0 ml 0.2 mol/L的磷酸二氢钾与23.6 ml 0.1 mol/L NaOH混合均匀,加水稀释至100 ml 把25.0 ml 0.2 mol/L的硼酸-氯化钾与4.0 ml 0.1 mol/L NaOH 混合均匀,加水稀释至100 ml 把0.1 mol/L 氯化铵与0.1 mol/L 氨水以2:1比例混合均匀 把25.0 ml 0.2 mol/L 的硼酸-氯化钾与43.9 ml 0.1 mol/L NaOH混合均匀,加水稀释至100 ml 把 49.0 ml 0.1 mol/L 氨基乙酸-氯化钠与51.0 ml 0.1 mol/L NaOH混合均匀 把 50.0 ml 0.05 mol/L Na2HPO4与26.9 ml 0.1 mol/L NaOH 混合均匀,加水稀释至100 ml 把 25.0 ml 0.2 mol/L KCl与66.0 ml 0.2 mol/L NaOH混合均匀,加水稀释至100 ml pH值 4.8 5.4 6.8 8.0 9.1 10.0 11.6 12.0 13.0 8