阅读理解组合练 训练3

训练3

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2016·宁波市镇海中学质检)

Jane Austen was born in the English countryside more than 200 years ago.She lived a simple life.She seldom travelled.She never married and she died from illness when she was only 41.

However，people all over the world remember her.Why? It is because Jane Austen is the author of some of the best-loved novels in the English language.These novels include Emma，Pride and Prejudice，Sense and Sensibility and Persuasion.

Jane completed her last novel Persuasion in 1816，but it was not published until after her death.Persuasion is partly based on Jane's naval brother.

Anne，the daughter of Sir Walter Elliot，falls in love with Captain Wentworth，a person of a lower social position.But she breaks off the engagement when persuaded by her friend Lady Russell that such a match is unworthy.The breakup produces in Anne a deep and long-lasting regret.Eight years later，Wentworth returns from sea a rich and successful captain.He finds Anne's family on the edge of financial ruin.Anne and the captain rediscover their love and get married.

Jane Austen once compared her writing to painting on a little bit of ivory(象牙)，two inches square.Readers of Persuasion will see that neither her skill of delicate, ironic (讽刺的) observations on social custom，love，and marriage nor her ability to apply a sharp focus to English manners and morals has abandoned her in her final finished work.

Persuasion has produced three film adaptations：a 1995 version starring Amanda Root and Ciaran Hinds，a 2007 TV miniseries with Sally Hawkins and Rupert Penry­Jones，and a 1971 miniseries with Ann Firbank and Bryan Marshall.

People who are interested in Jane Austen can still visit many of the places she visited and lived in.These places include the village of Steventon，although her family house is now gone.Many of the places Jane visited in Bath are still there.You can visit

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Jane Austen's home in Chawton，where she did her best writing，and Winchester，where she died.

本文是一篇人物传记。主要介绍了英国作家Jane Austen的生平事迹以及她的作品风格，并着重介绍了她的最后一部小说《劝导》。

1．What is the theme of Persuasion? A．Never regret what you've chosen. B．True love lasts forever. C．Be matched for marriage. D．Love waits for no man.

B [细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，Anne同青年军官Wentworth倾心相爱并订下婚约。后来她因相信了朋友说的这样的婚姻不般配而忍痛同心上人解除了婚约，以后一直活在悔恨当中。八年后，Wentworth上校返乡，两人历尽曲折，结成眷属。由此可知，这部小说的主题是：真爱永恒。故选B。]

2．Which of the following CANNOT describe Jane's writing style? A．Her application of comparison. B．Her skillful use of irony. C．Her focus on manners and morals. D．Her delicate observations.

A [细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，B、C、D三项都在文中提到了，是她作品的特点，而A项没有涉及。故选A。]

3．According to the passage，what do we know about Jane Austen? A．Persuasion is a novel about the life of her naval brother. B．She did not see Persuasion published when she was alive. C．She died from illness at her home in Chawton at the age of 41. D．Her last novel Persuasion is considered her most successful one.

B [细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，她生前并没有看到《劝导》出版。故选B。根据第三段第二句中的“partly”可知，A项错误；根据最后一段最后一句可知，Jane不是在家里去世的，排除C项；D项文中未提及，也可排除。]

B

(2016·潍坊三模)

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Given that female bed bugs lay over 200 eggs during their lifetime，it's not surprising that about one out of five American households have had or know someone who has had a bed bug infection.But a new study shows that an unexpected weapon may be useful in the fight against the tiny，biting enemies：color.The BBC's Michelle Roberts reports that bed bugs appear to have strong preferences for certain colors.

A group of researchers became curious about whether bed bugs like certain colors，so they created tiny tents，or harborages of different colors and placed them in petri dishes(培养皿)．The researchers then put bed bugs on the center of the dish，giving them ten minutes to choose which harborage they wanted to hide in.

Bed bugs are nest parasites(寄生虫)—that's why they love human“nests”or bedrooms.So they're crazy about finding shelter.As a result，it would make sense that a bug placed on the scary broadness of a petri dish would rush for cover as soon as possible.

Most of the bugs ran to black and red harborages，passing by ones of other colors.And they weren't into yellow or green at all.Overall，the bugs preferred harborages in this order：red，black，orange，blue，lilac，violet and green.Gender influenced the decisions because groups of single­gender bugs preferred the same colors.Researchers guess that the decisions may have to do with bugs' considering different shelters as better or worse places to mate or perhaps stay safe from enemies.

“We originally thought the bed bugs might prefer red because blood is red and that's what they feed on，”says Dr.Corraine McNeill.“However，after doing the study，the main reason we think they prefer red colors is that bed bugs themselves appear red，so they go to these harborages because they want to be with other bed bugs，as they are known to exist in groups.”

本文是一篇科普文。主要讲述了研究人员发现臭虫偏爱某种颜色，这有利于我们应对它们。

4．What did the research discover?

A．Bed bugs are particular about certain colors. B．Bed bugs have a preference for living in groups. C．Bed bugs are difficult to get rid of. D．Bed bugs are afraid of dark colors.

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A [细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The BBC's Michelle Roberts reports that bed bugs appear to have strong preferences for certain colors.”可知臭虫对颜色特别挑剔。]

5．The underlined word“harborages”in Para.2 can be replaced by “ ”． A．bed rooms C．eggs

B．dishes D．shelters

D [词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“so they created tiny tents”和“giving them ten minutes to choose which harborage they wanted to hide in”可知D项正确。]

6．Bed bugs like red mainly because ． A．they are red B．red is beautiful

C．red can scare their enemies away D．blood is red and they feed on blood

A [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“the main reason we think they prefer red colors is that bed bugs themselves appear red”可知臭虫喜欢红色主要是因为它们自身是红色。]

7．What color sheet should people choose against bed bugs according to the research?

A．Red. C．White.

B．Yellow. D．Black.

B [推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Most of the bugs ran to black and red harborages，passing by ones of other colors.And they weren't into yellow or green at all.”可知B项正确。]

【导学号：85602082】

C

(2016·全国甲卷)

A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.

Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly first­rate photo­journalism—if they had been made last week.In fact，they were shot from 1914

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through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.

The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian­built three­master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all，to the southernmost shore of Antarctica's Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled (雪橇) across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.

As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scott's last journey，completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world's imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.

本文是一篇记叙文。1914年到1916年间，一群海员和科学家踏上了南极探险之路。结果他们在回来的路上发生海难，其中一个摄影师在临死之前拍摄了大量的照片，并把照片封存在破损的木船的冰块箱里。通过这些照片我们可以了解到那次不太成功的探险经历。

8．What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley? A．They were made last week. B．They showed undersea sceneries. C．They were found by a cameraman. D．They recorded a disastrous adventure.

D [细节理解题。由题干中的the photos taken by Hurley定位到文章第二段开头。该段说这些照片即使是上个星期拍的也堪称佳作，故A项错误；该段中还说照片是在一次海难之后拍的，故D项正确；文章没有说拍摄的是海底景观，

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故B项错误；拍摄者是摄影师，但没有说是一名摄影师发现了这些照片，故C项错误。]

9．Who reached the South Pole first according to the text? A．Frank Hurley. B．Ernest Shackleton. C．Robert Falcon Scott. D．Caroline Alexander.

C [推理判断题。由题干中的“第一个到达南极”这条信息定位到第三段。被发现的照片所展示的这次旅行是为了获得比Robert Falcon Scott船长先前的探险更大的收获，该船长在1912年就到达了南极。由此推断Robert Falcon Scott是最先到达南极的人，故选C项。]

10．What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage? A．Artistic creation. B．Scientific research. C．Money making. D．Treasure hunting.

C [细节理解题。题干的Alexander在最后一段出现，the 1914 voyage指本文谈到的Endurance这艘船的探险，该段开头说，这个作家在她的小说The Endurance中说，在那时，探险就已经是纯商业活动(a thoroughly commercial effort)了，因此1914年航行的目的是赚钱(money making)，故选C项。A项“艺术创作”，B项“科学调研”，D项“寻宝”，均未体现。]

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

(2016·镇海中学期中检测)

Rhythm of Life

Choosing the right time to sleep, the correct moment to make decisions, the best hour to eat—and even go into hospital—could be your key to perfect health.

Centuries after man discovered the rhythms of the planets and the cycles of crops, scientists have learned that we too live by precise rhythms that govern everything from our basic bodily functions to mental skills.Man is a prisoner of time.

But it's not just the experts who are switching on to the way our bodies work. 1

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Prince Charles consults a chart which tells him when he will be at his peak on a physical, emotional and intellectual level.Boxer Frank Bruno is another who charts his bio­rhythms to plan for big fights.

2 Sleep, blood pressure, hormone levels and heartbeat all follow their own clocks，which may bear only slight relation to our man-made 24-hour cycle.

Research shows that in laboratory experiments when social signals and, most importantly，light indicators such as dawn are taken away, people lose touch with the 24­hour clock and sleeping patterns change.Temperature and heartbeat cycles lengthen and settle into “days”lasting about 25 hours.

In the real world, light and dark keep adjusting internal clock to the 24­hour day.But the best indicator of performance is body temperature.As it falls from a 10 p．m.high of 37.2℃ to a pre-dawn low of 36.1℃， mental functions fall too. 3

The most famous example is the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in the US.The three operators in the control room worked ahernating(交替的) weeks of day, evening and night shifts. 4 Investigators believe this caused the workers to overlook a warning light and fail to close an open valve.

Finding the secret of what makes us tick has long fascinated scientists and work done over the last decade has yielded important clues. 5 For example，the time we eat may be important if we want to maximize intellectual or sporting performance.There is already evidence suggesting that the time when medicine is given to patients affects how well it works.

A．The rhythm of life is a slight beat.

B．The aim is to help us become more efficient.

C．Jenny Hope claims to have tested their body clocks to the limit. D．This is a key reason why shift work can cause so many problems. E．Experts say every aspect of human bodies is influenced by daily rhythms. F．Many people study the state of their bio­rhythms before making their daily plans.

G．Such a dangerous combination never gave their bodies' natural rhythms a chance to settle down.

本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了人体的生物钟是如何调整和适应生活节

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奏的。

1．F [下文举的两个例子是进一步阐述和解释观点的，根据第二个例子“who charts his bio-rhythms to plan for big fights”可知，此处侧重利用自己的生物钟制订计划，与F项中的“study the state of their bio-rhythms before making their daily plans”一致。故选F。]

2．E [根据该空的位置可知，此处是本段的主题句。下一句是对该句的进一步解释，所列举的“Sleep，blood pressure，hormone levels and heartbeat”都是具体的身体状况，与E项中的“every aspect of human bodies”含义一致。故选E。]

3．D [此处承上启下，是对上文的概括，也是下一段的例子要证明的观点。下文提到经常黑白倒班的人会被打乱生物钟节奏，带来种种困扰，上文探讨了轮班工作会扰乱生物钟的原因，都与D项中的“why shift work can cause so many problems”照应。故选D。]

4．G [控制室的三个操作员经常黑白倒班，这打乱了他们的生物种，与G项中的“never gave their bodies' natural rhythms a chance to settle down”吻合。故选G。]

5．B [本段主要分析了发现生物钟的意义，下文举的例子进一步说明了把握生活节奏的作用和重要性，与B项中的“help us become more efficient”照应。故选B。]

【导学号：85602083】

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