现在完成时讲解与过关练习
一 基本用法
1 表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是这个影响或结果，常同already, just, yet等状语连用。
例：I have just turned off the light. 我刚刚把灯关上。（结果是灯已经关上了）
2 表示开始于过去、持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能继续下去（也可能不继续下去），常同包括现在在内的时间状语连用，如：today, now, this week, this morning, these days, this afternoon, recently, so far等；也同“for+时间段”或 “since＋时间点”的状语连用。
例： I haven't eaten anything since breakfast. 我从早饭起就一直没有吃东西。
3 表示从过去某一时间到说话时这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次动作的总和，常同频度副词always, often, seldom, never, twice等连用。
例：He has done lots of work in the past two years.在过去两年中他做了许多工作。
I have been to the Great Wall twice. 我曾经去过长城两次
二 构成： 主语（第一、二人称单复数、第三人称复数）＋have ＋过去分词
主语（第三人称单数）＋has ＋过去分词
三 几组词的区别
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初中英语上课讲义
1、already和yet
already 意思是“已经”，通常用于肯定句中行为动词之前，动词、助动词之后；有时可以放在疑问句的句尾，表示“惊奇”的意思。如：
We have already cleaned the classroom. 我们已经打扫了教室。
Have you finished your homework already? 你已经完成作业了？
yet 用于疑问句表示“已经”，用于否定句表示“还；尚未”。如：
---Has he found his watch yet? 他已经找到了他的手表了吗？
---No, not yet.还没有。
2、just 和just now
just 意思是“刚刚”，用于现在完成时，表示行为刚刚过去，位于助动词和行为动词之间。如：He has just come back from school.他刚从学校回来。
just now 意思是“刚才”，表示过去某时，用于一般过去式，置于句首或句尾均可。如：He came from school just now.他刚才从学校 回来了。
3、for 和since
都可以用于现在完成时，都不能与延续性动词的肯定式连用。
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初中英语上课讲义
for 后面加时间段，而 since 后面加过去的某一时间点。如： Eddie has lived with Millie for fours years. 艾迪和米莉住在一起有四年了。
Eddie has lived with Millie since four years ago. 自从四年以前艾迪和米莉就住在一起了。
4、have been to、have gone to 和have been in
have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，后面可接表示“次数”的状语。如：
① He has been to the USA three times. 他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在“不在美国”）
② --How many times has he been there? --He's been there many times.
have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：
--Where's your mother? -你妈妈在哪?--She has gone to the hospital.--她去医院了。
have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，后常带表示一段时间的状语。
① They have been at the bus stop for half an hour. 他们在车站呆了半小时。（现在仍然在车站）
② We have been in Xi'an for two weeks. 我们在西安待了两个多星期。（现仍在西安）
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初中英语上课讲义
③ How long have they been in China? 他们在中国呆了多长时间了？（仍在中国）
四 现在完成时与一般过去时用法的区别
1．现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。
对比：I have washed the car. 我洗过了车。（看上去很漂亮）
I washed the car a moment ago.我刚才洗过车了。（车子现在干不干净不知道）
She has watered the flowers. 她已经浇了花。（不需要再浇了）
She watered the flowers yesterday. 她昨天浇的花。
2．现在完成时表示的动作或状态延续到现在并可能延续下去，而一般过去时则单纯表示过去某段时间内的经历。
对比： It has rained for five hours. 雨已经下了5个小时了。
It rained for live hours yesterday. 昨天下了5个小时的雨。
3．现在完成时与一般过去时的时间状语不同： 现在完成时的标志词有already, just, yet，“for+时间段”或 “since＋时间点，today, now, this week, this morning, these days, this afternoon, recently, so far，in the last ( past ) 5 years等。
一般过去时的时间状语有five years ago, yesterday, just now, in 2005, last week等。
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初中英语上课讲义
五 延续性动词与非延续性动词
1．概念：
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, keep, have, wait, watch, read, sleep, live, stay等。非延续性动词表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。
2. 用法特征
① 延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示\"段时间\"的状语连用。表示\"段时间\"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
② 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的\"时间点\"状语连用。如：It rained at eight yesterday morning. (误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示\"时间点\"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等非延续性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：-When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years. -That's right.
③ 非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：The train has arrived.火车到了。 Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗？
④ 非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限
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初中英语上课讲义
肯定式)。如：
(1)他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years.
正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago.
正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here for five days.
正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago.
正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here.
⑤非延续性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如：
误：How long have you come here? 正：How long have you been here?
正：When did you come here?
⑥延续性动词可以与until, till一起使用。非延续性动词只能用于not… until句型。如：
正：Simon waited at the school gate until (till) his father came.
正：I didn’t buy the dress until there was a discount.
误：I bought the dress until there was a discount.
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初中英语上课讲义
3. 将终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词
见课本32页10个词
（补充：get to know →have/has known begin to rain →have/has rained
fall asleep → have/has been asleep)
4. 句型转换
表示延续性动作的动词的现在完成时的句型可以转换成：
1、非延续性动词的一般过去式 + 一段时间 + ago
2、非延续性动词的一般过去式 + in + 过去某一时间。
3、It is (has been) + 一段时间 +since + 非延续性动词的一般过去式
4、一段时间 + has passed + 非延续性动词的一般过去式如：
She has had the pen for two years.
→ She bought the pen two years ago.
She bought the pen in 2009.
It is (has been) two years since she bought the pen.
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初中英语上课讲义
Two years has passed since she bought the pen.
课堂检测题
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：（1个单词0.5分，共13分；4分钟）
play___run_____swim____make___go___study___write___read____sing__dance___put____see____buy____eat____live__take___come___get____stop____sit___begin____ shop_____chat_____rain_____fly die
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：(10分；5分钟)
1.The boy ________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls ________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother __________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our son doing? She ______ (listen ) to music.
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初中英语上课讲义
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen_______(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
三、句型转换：（12分；3分钟）
1. They are doing housework .
一般疑问句：__________________ 否定句： _________________
2．The students are cleaning the classroom .
一般疑问句：__________________ 否定句： _________________
3．I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)_____________
4．Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)________________
四、将下列句子改成现在进行时 （16分；5分钟）
1. Tom speaks Chinese. ________
2. We have four lessons. ________
3. I watch TV. _____________
4. She works in a hospital. ________
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初中英语上课讲义
5. Kitty and Ben have lunch at about twelve. _________________
6. His father helps them. ___________
7. Danny, open the door._________
8. They read books ._______
五、按要求改写句子 （每个要求1分，共12分；4分钟）
1. The boy is playing basketball.
否定句：_________________一般疑问句：_____________
肯定回答：______否定回答：__________
对“is playing basketball”提问：_____________
对“ The boy”提问：_______________
2. They are singing in the classroom.
否定句：_______________一般疑问句：___________
肯定回答：________否定回答：__________
对“are singing ”提问：___________
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初中英语上课讲义
对“ in the classroom”提问：_____________
六、 用一般现在时或现在进行时填空。（每空1分，共7分；4分钟）
1. Miss Guo___ (teach) us Chinese this term. She____ (be) a very good teacher. She often____ (talk) with us after class. Many of us like____ (talk) with her. Now, she___ (talk) with Lily
2. Listen! Who____(read) English? Han Meimei is. She often_____(read) English in the evening.
七、单选 （30分；8分钟）
( )1. Who _____ over there now?
A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing
( )2. It’s eight o’clock. The students ___ an English class.
A. have B. having C. is having D. are having
( )3. Listen! The baby ____ in the next room.
A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries
( )4. Look! The twins _____ new sweaters.
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初中英语上课讲义
A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing
( )5. Don’t talk here. Grandparents _____.
A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep
( )6. Tom is a worker. He _____ in a factory. His sisters _____ in a hospital.
A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works
( )7. Who _____ English best in your class?
A. speak B. speaks C. speaking
( )8. Mrs Read _____ the windows every day.
A. is cleaning B. clean C. cleans
( )9. We ____ music and often ____ to music.
A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening
( )10. She ___ up at six in the morning.
A. get B. gets C. getting
( )11. The twins usually ___ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim ____ some coffee for it.
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初中英语上课讲义
A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/ have
( ) 12. Mr. Smith ______ short stories, but he ______ a TV play these days.
A. is writing, is writing B. is writing, writes
C. writes, is writing D. writes, writes
( ) 13. I _______ to the cinema. I _________ there every Sunday.
A. go. go B. am going, go C. go. am going D. am going, am going
( ) 14. Look. they _________ a good time, _________ they?
A. have, do B. have, don't C. are having, are D. are having, aren't
( ) 15. You ________about the future (将来) now, ________you?
A. don't think, don't B. aren't thinking, aren't
C. don't think, do D. aren't thinking, are
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