托福模拟题2018年(9) (总分100,考试时间90分钟)
READING
passage-1
Fred Smith
1 [■] At the turn of the century, the American economy shifted from its reliance on bulk manufacturing to a more service-based domain and lightweight high technology products. 2 [■] The period when manufactured goods were produced by semi-skilled workers in factories located not far from the raw materials that were transported by rail, truck, and canal was drawing to a close. 3 [■] Highly trained scientists and technicians were developing products based upon electronic devices rather than tons of brute steel. 4 [■]
1 [■] This new era allowed for the dispersal of manufacturing facilities **pany headquarters. 2 [■] With this freedom of location came the problem of transferring information and goods to scattered places. 3 [■] Some items could be delivered electronically, but discs, paper, tapes and the like posed some serious logistical problems. 4 [■] Heralded as one of the great entrepreneurial figures of recent times, Fred Smith took astonishing risks to fulfill his vision and go against the United States Postal Service. For us, who live in a changing context of transportation **munication, his actions seem less precipitous and rash than to his contemporaries. But the Federal Express story should serve as a reminder that many of the best entrepreneurs are just as skilled at judging, controlling and minimizing risks as they are in taking them.
With much of Smith\"s family in the transportation industry, he used part of the profits from selling his inherited father\"s restaurants to serve as venture capital. 1 [■] Though he did well in school, his interest focused on extra curricular activities, including starting a record label at age 15 that still exists today. 2 [■] At Yale, he enrolled with the Marine Corp Reserve Officers Training Program and the Flying Club. 3 [■] He focuses his thesis on discussing the need for moving high priority, time-sensitive material in a more efficient manner. 4 [■] Aware that few packages were sent directly to their destination by existing carriers, Smith proposed to have them shipped from one city to the next on different airlines to their final destination. Smith\"s professor, citing problems with federal regulations **petition from larger airlines that would preclude any chance of such a firm being successful, gave the paper a C.
After dropping out of college, Smith turned a faltering airplane engine repair business into a stable business. 1 [■] It was from there that he began his dream of sending packages overnight in the formation of Federal Express. 2 [■] By studying where the traffic of priority items was headed,
Smith was able to construct a service that answered **plaints that many businesses had with existing services. 3 [■] He initiated a postal service, which guaranteed the secure delivery of any items within a minimum of 3 days. 4 [■] Smith contacted airline carriers and offered them a percentage of the fees he charged so that he may be able to ship his items on their planes via the fastest route possible.
Today, the FedEx, as **pany is termed, is synonymous with speedy delivery. It is one of the most lucrative and fastest growing businesses in the world. It boasts headquarters in virtually any location on the globe, while its employees are respected for their courtesy and efficiency and dealing with customers. Glossary
electronic:implemented on a computer or computer network
entrepreneur:a person who organizes, operates, and assumes the risk for a business venture extra-curricular:being outside the regular curriculum of a school or college carrier:one that transports or conveys
1. Look at the four squares in paragraph 1 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
It was the dawn of a new industrialized era. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
2. Look at the four squares in paragraph 2 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Companies could locate their basis in areas most conducive to attracting the best managers, scientists and workers.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
3. Look at the four squares in paragraph 3 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
During his junior year at the university, he wrote a paper analyzing the state of the U.S. freight service.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage:
4. Look at the four squares in paragraph 4 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
This included weekends and any extraneous statutory holidays as well. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
passage-2
The Declaration of Independence
Most people know that in 1776 the thirteen American colonies declared their independence from Britain and decided to form their own country. The reasons why the colonists decided to declare their independence, however, are **plex.
Britain had ruled over colonies in America since the 1600s. 1 [■] Since Britain was very far away, by the mid-1700\"s, the East Coast colonists had become virtually self-sufficient. 2 [■] They governed themselves autonomously for the most part, using elected assemblies to make local laws. 3 [■] They formed their own militia to deal with Indian attacks and other problems, and slowly expanded westwards. 4 [■]
There were the problems between Britain and the colonies in I763. Britain had just defeated France in a long war, and had taken over a great deal of French land in North America. 1 [■] But to pay for the war and to manage the new lands, the British needed financial resources. 2 [■] The colonists became filled with discontent over the taxes and declared that since they were British citizens they could not be taxed without their representatives in the government agreeing to that. 3 [■] Their motto was no taxation without representation. 4 [■]
The colonists doggedly held to this view of actual representation, while the British upheld the concept of virtual representation, which meant a member of the London Parliament virtually represented every British citizen, colonist or not, so a specific representative from the colonies was not necessary. 1 [■] As more taxes were imposed, the colonists grew ever angrier with the mother land. 2 [■] In a final surge of anger, they dumped ship-loads of British tea into Boston harbor in a protest that became known as the Boston Tea Party. 3 [■] Eventually, the colonists realized that they did not need the British government, and that they had done pretty well on their own. 4 [■] They fought the British in several small battles and realized, finally, that to be happy and free, they had to break away from Britain.
1 [■] A number of wealthy merchants who had done well under the British rule were less enthusiastic supporters of emancipation. 2 [■] They feared severe retaliation at the hands of the British and were not willing to risk life and limb, as well as their wealth, for such lofty ideals as independence. 3 [■] Soon, two parties established themselves within the American government. The lefties were enthusiastic and vociferous supporters of American independence. They were the hotheads who had organized the boycotts and street rallies. On the other side were the conservative plantation owners and rich constituents still loyal to the English crown. Eventually, though, the democratic wing won over the royalists. 4 [■]
In 1776, Thomas Jefferson, asked by the leaders of the American Colonies, wrote a document called the Declaration of Independence, which consisted of two parts. The first part was a list of their rights and the second part was a list of the numerous ways that England had denied these rights to its colonists. Finally on July 4, 1776, leaders of the colonies signed the Declaration of Independence, which marked the beginning of a new country. Glossary
assembly:legislative body that especially makes up the lower house of a legislature colonist:an inhabitant of a colony taxation: the imposition of taxes
parliament:legislative assembly in certain countries
1. Look at the four squares in paragraph 2 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
These British colonies had grown and prospered for over a century until they covered most of the American East Coast.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
2. Look at the four squares in paragraph 3 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Therefore the British raised taxes throughout the American colonies. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
3. Look at the four squares in paragraph 4 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
They went so far as to boycott any imported British goods. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
4. Look at the four squares in paragraph 5 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Of course, the idea of independence was not as easy to grasp by all American colonists. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
passage-3
Marijuana
Marijuana **es from the hemp plant \"cannabis sativa\" has been used for a variety of purposes since ancient times. Actually, hemp is one of the world\"s most important resources, and has many industrial applications, including as a textile, fuel, or construction product, as well as an ingredient in the furniture, cosmetics, energy and food industry.
1 [■] Most well-known are its uses to cure cancer patients and to provide relief for those who suffer from asthma. 2 [■] In the 19th Century, scientists began to investigate its properties, and in 1839 its use as an analgesic and anticonvulsing agent was recorded in medical journals. 3 [■] Marijuana was thought effective in treating a wide range of physical and mental ailments, but interest in its use as medicine waned in the 20th Century with the advent of more modern medicines. 4 [■]
The Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 rendered marijuana illegal, and in 1941 it was deleted from the U.S. Pharmacopoeia, the **pendium of drugs. 1 [■] In addition the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) of 1970 classified marijuana as one of the most dangerous drugs and banned it from being legally cultivated in the United States. 2 [■] Drugs which have a high potential for abuse are classified as Schedule-1 drugs and cannot be used for medical purposes. 3 [■] Marijuana, heroin, opiates and hallucinogenics belong to this drug group. 4 [■]
There is widespread debate in the United States today as to whether marijuana should be legalized or not. 1 [■] Supporters of legalization maintain that marijuana is effective as a pain reliever for certain conditions and is particularly helpful for those who suffer from **a. 2 [■] Those in favor of legalization suggest that .just as we would not deny a sick person aspirin, we should not deny marijuana to those who need it. 3 [■] Marijuana supporters point to the association of alcohol with drunk driving, domestic abuse, and addiction. 4[■] They note that marijuana use does not produce any of these behaviors and for this reason it is hypocritical to outlaw marijuana, but not alcohol.
While there is considerable support for legalization, the majority of the American public is opposed to the legalization of marijuana. 1 [■] One such effect would be loss of memory and motivation, as well as loss of motor control while driving under the influence of marijuana or performing other activities requiring concentration and coordination. 2 [■] Opponents of legalization also suggest that marijuana is a gateway drug. 3 [■] This is because marijuana users who look for a more intense high may move on to harder drugs such as cocaine and heroine. 4 [■] For now, marijuana is not legal in most parts of the globe. Yet a prolific underground marijuana culture is flourishing. In many ports and big cities, marijuana dealers openly sell their wares at street corners, and police forces have trouble reigning them in. Numerous marijuana growers have been busted in what seemed quiet neighborhoods. But the illicit profits from the production and selling of the grass outweigh the risks, and many criminals still traffic with marijuana.
1 [■] It is unlikely in the foreseeable future that marijuana will be fully legalized in the U.S. 2 [■] In 1996, voters in both California and Arizona agreed to a bill for marijuana to be legalized for such medical purposes. It means that doctors and patients will be protected from criminal prosecution when marijuana is prescribed for serious conditions. 3 [■] Other states, such as Alaska, have not legalized the drug, but have decriminalized it such that possession of small amounts is only a minor offense that does not carry a police record. 4[■]
1 [■] Thus, many foreign groups support its legalization both in the States and other areas of the world. 2 [■] Despite its usefulness for medical treatment and supports from many groups, however, the political and legal controversies surrounding its status as an illegal substance, as well as concerns about the drug\"s potential harmful side effects have become obstacles to its legalization. 3 [■] Everyone has his own opinion on marijuana and its legalization, so it will continue to be discussed until an answer is given. 4 [■] Glossary
cannabis sativa:a strong-smelling plant from whose dried leaves a number of euphoriant and hallucinogenic drugs are prepared
anticonvulsant:drug that prevents or relieves convulsions hallucinogenics:a substance that induces hallucination
**a:a disease of the eye marked by increased pressure within the eyeball that can result in damage to the optic disk and gradual loss of vision
decriminalize:to reduce or abolish criminal penalties
1. Look at the four squares in paragraph 2 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
In addition to this variety of benefits, marijuana has remarkable applications in the medical field. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click On a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
2. Look at the four squares in paragraph 3 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
According to the CSA, drugs are categorized within 5 schedules. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
3. Look at the four squares in paragraph 4 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Added to this medical argument is the notion that marijuana is a much less dangerous drug than
alcohol.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
4. Look at the four squares in paragraph 5 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Opponents of legalization point to the numerous pernicious effects of marijuana. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
5. Look at the four squares in paragraph 7 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Some states, however, do permit its use for medical purposes when it comes accompanied by a doctor\"s prescription.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
6. Look at the four squares in paragraph 8 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Marijuana is also legal in many countries around the world as it is part of various cultures and religious groups.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
passage-4
Super Volcanic Eruptions
1 [■] The Earth is very dynamic **plex processes often result in unusual formations. 2 [■] Volcanoes form deep within the bowels of the earth in places, where hot sticky magma tries to push its way outward to the surface. 3 [■] The earth starts to rumble and grumble as thinned magma called lava makes its way to the top of the mantle. 4 [■] The magma collects slowly in places called hot spots and starts putting pressure on the upper crust. 1 [□] These tiny fissures allow lava to leak out slowly and pour down the side of the volcano. 2 [□] A billow of noxious gas and ash accompanies the phenomenon. 3 [□] When the inner pressure becomes unbearable, a volcanic eruption takes place. 4 [□] Lava bursts forth in one gigantic explosion burying everything in its path.
These explosions are normal occurrences in the geology of the earth. 1 [■] Volcanologists, however, **e up with evidence of more unusual volcanic activity than the one witnessed thus far. 2 [■] New sites uncovered in Yellowstone National Park and Long Valley, California, demonstrate the existence of so-called super volcanoes. 3 [■] These super volcanoes would have had erupted some 750,000 years ago **pletely altered the surrounding landscape around over a distance of several hundred thousand feet. 4 [■] Geologists are certain that super volcanoes are currently in a state of dormancy. 1 [□] They can erupt sometime in the distant future, once they become active again. 2[□] It is possible that the next super volcanic eruption will occur at the end of our millennium. 3 [□] While we may not be alive by then to witness it, uncovering clues as to how these fantastic activities take place should make predicting them easier. 4 [□]
Super volcanoes form beneath so-called hot spots within the earth\"s mantle. 1 [■] When two tectonic plates move one beneath the other, the earth mantle melts to form a viscous flow-resistant substance. 2 [■] This substance, the magma, slowly accumulates inside a magma chamber and heats up the earth crust above. 3 [■] This newly formed magma exerts formidable pressure on the soil, as it does not allow any water or gas to leak out. 4 [■] The earth cracks along a vertical line and finally lava explodes to the surface. 1 [□] A Super volcanic eruption is more of an outburst of cataclysmic proportion. 2 [□] when the lava bursts forth, a pyroclastic flow of scalding ash and gas accompanies the explosion. 3 [□] The rocks above the magma chamber collapse under the pressure to make room for a dome shaped crater called a caldera. 4 [□] Over time, more magma collects under the caldera and fresh lava may leak out the sides. But it is not until sufficient magma accumulates inside the chamber that a new super volcano erupts again.
Climatologists have documented the devastating effects of super volcanic eruptions for mankind. 1 [■] One such effect would be the sheer size of land covered by lava. 2 [■] The lava that exists in a volcano didn\"t have any time to leak out before the actual explosion. 3 [■] Thus, it has a larger volume when spewed out, which means it may cover a territory twice as big as the state of California alone. 4 [■] These gases that result from a super volcanic eruption have high sulfate content. This sulfate binds with ozone to form sulfuric acid. 1 [□] Therefore, the world\"s atmosphere gets depleted of the vital ozone that usually protects us from harmful UV rays. 2 [□] The ozone hole would only get bigger in the event of a super volcano. 3 [□] The sulfuric acid that would accumulate in the atmosphere would eventually condense and poison the environment while falling down on earth. 4 [□] Glossary
lava:magma rock that has erupted from a volcano or fissure and flowed on to the Earth\"s surface or the ocean, floor
tectonic plates:a small number of large plates of solid rock, whose movements m relation to each other are responsible for continental drift
pyroclastic:of an individual fragment of lava that has been ejected into the atmosphere during a volcanic eruption
1. Look at the four squares in paragraph 1 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
One such formation is for instance a super volcano. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
2. Look at the four squares in paragraph 1 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
As a result of this pressurized force, the soil begins to crack to make room for the magma to come out.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [□] to add the sentence to the passage.
3. Look at the four squares in paragraph 2 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
They wreak havoc, but are expected to happen. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
4. Look at the four squares in paragraph 2 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
That means they are in a temporary state of sleep. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [□] to add the sentence to the passage.
5. Look at the four squares in paragraph 3 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
These spots or places are usually located in subduction zones. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■]to add the sentence to the passage.
6. Look at the four squares in paragraph 3 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Unlike in normal volcanic eruptions, this explosion does not slowly die out. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square[□] to add the Sentence to the passage.
7. Look at the four squares in paragraph 4 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Moreover, the gases that accompany the lava flow are extremely toxic. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
8. Look at the four squares in paragraph 4 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Another negative outcome of a super volcanic eruption is the resulting acid rain. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [□] to add the sentence to the passage.
passage-5
School Readiness
1 [■] It seems that today children learn to read and write earlier than at any time in history. 2 [■] Most children are actually literate before they even enter first grade. 3 [■] The question that now poses itself is how parents should go about preparing their children for the start of the new school year. 4 [■] After all, it is not recommended that children fall behind their peers. But neither is it good to put undue pressure on youngsters from an early age. 1 [□] Educators have **e up with a learning objectives preparatory program targeted at children as young as 5.2 [□] Parents are encouraged to follow its guidelines to adequately prepare their children for the rigors of schools. 3 [□] Enrolling children in kindergarten preparatory programs is also a good idea, 4 [□]
1 [■] According to kindergarten learning guidelines, the most important skill young children should acquire is social in nature. 2 [■] That is because children who are not socially adept cannot integrate themselves into the new learning environment. 3 [■] They are unable to cooperate with their peers and participate in group projects and whole classroom activities. 4 [■] Social education starts at home. Parents need to teach their children the value of sharing their knowledge and abilities with others. 1 [□] As well, they must instill children with a thirst for learning. 2 [□] The
best way to go about this is to encourage children to ask questions and find out the appropriate answers. 3 [□] Parents should also teach children independence. 4 [□] Children who can do things on their own learn faster and have more confidence in their own abilities than those who are constantly coddled and prodded to succeed.
1 [■] Secondly, future first graders should be familiar with **putation and literacy skills. 2 [■] Parents may develop these skills at home by using a variety of interactive techniques. 3 [■] As far as computation and numeracy skills are concerned, they may start teaching their children how to count to 20 forwards and backwards. 4 [■] Then they may also encourage children to add up and subtract simple numbers up to ten to give them a head start when school begins. 1 [□] Another way to promote math at home is to teach kids to read a calendar. 2 [□] Manipulating dates will make working with numbers in school that much easier. 3 [□] Children who see adults read are more likely to pick up a book than those who are left to their own devices. 4 [□] Parents may instill a love for books by reading to their children every day and by encouraging them to keep a diary.
Numeracy and literacy are the key foundation to a child\"s early education. 1 [■] However, only focusing on math, reading and writing will in the end be detrimental to a child\"s education. 2 [■] It will keep the child on that primary level. 3 [■] Children need to be well rounded in all aspects should they grow into mature successful adults. 4 [■] Educators thus recommend introducing children to the world of music, fine arts and physical education as well. 1 [□] It will also expose them to different learning types and heighten their intellectual and mental abilities. 2 [□] Children should further be exposed to scientific language and the natural world as well. 3 [□] Children who are attuned to nature make **passionate and empathetic adults. 4 [□] In the same sense, children who are able to understand scientific terminology develop into much better readers than those who only turn to fictional books. Glossary
peer:someone who is one\"s equal in age, rank, etc.; a contemporary, companion or fellow coddled:pampered or overprotected prodded:prompted into action
numeracy:the ability to perform arithmetical operations literacy:the ability to read and write
1. Look at the four squares in paragraph 1 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
High societal demands in our modern world have changed educational aspects worldwide. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
2. Look at the four squares in paragraph 1 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
The program spells out the demands for children entering grade one. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [□] to add the sentence to the passage.
3. Look at the four squares in paragraph 2 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Otherwise, if the 5-year-olds are not socially adept, they will fail at school. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
4. Look at the four squares in paragraph 2 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
An inquisitive mind is an open mind, and that is why children should learn to be curious about any questions or answers.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [□] to add the sentence to the passage.
5. Look at the four squares in paragraph 3 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
In other words, they should be exposed to math, reading and writing so they learn these skills. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
6. Look at the four squares in paragraph 3 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Finally, parents should create a reading friendly environment to children. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [□] to add the sentence to the passage.
7. Look at the four squares in paragraph 4 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Therefore, it is only natural that parents should be primarily concerned with developing these basic skills.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
8. Look at the four squares in paragraph 4 that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
This familiarity with the arts will give them a balanced education. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [□] to add the sentence to the passage.
Practice Test
Lake Titicaca
Two nations, Peru and Bolivia, share the shoreline of South America\"s largest freshwater lake, Lake Titicaca. [■] The lake, approximately 122 miles long and 35 miles wide, has a surface area of almost 10,000 square kilometers, an average depth of between 140 and 180 meters (460 and 600 feet), and is located 3,800 meters above sea level high in the Andes Mountains in the plateau region known as the Altiplano. [■] Located between snow-cappedpeaks, Lake Titicaca is the **mercially navigable lake in the world. [■] Theoriginof the lake\"s name is unknown and the local people refer to the lake by several names, but Lake Titicaca\"s name translates as \"stone puma\" because the lake\"s shape is similar to the shape of a puma hunting a rabbit. [■]
?Ancient Andean cultures established civilizations around the area of Lake Titicaca because of the rich agricultural soil and fresh glacial waters. Ruins, visible on shore and on the islands, confirm the existence of some of the oldest, highly civilized peoples in South America who pre-dated the
Christian era. Forty-one islands rise up from Lake Titicaca, some of them having provided homes for the indigenous peoples. Some of the islands are made from reeds which grow along the shores of the lake. According to one legend the sun god, Inti, sent his son and daughter down from the heavens to improve the lives of the ancient Andean people. The children landed on the largest island, referred to as Sun Island, and founded the Inca civilization. Another legend reports that the sun god\"s children rose from the lake to establish the Inca empire. Regardless of which legend is believed, Lake Titicaca has remained a holy, sacred lake for the Andean people.
Sun Island, one possible location for the founding of the Inca civilization, is also known as Titicaca Island and belongs to the country of Bolivia. Some of the other islands in the lake are part of Peruvian territory. The Uros, a group of indigenous peoples, fled the Incas and retreated to one of the nine islands in the lake which were made of reeds. Approximately three hundred descendents of the ancient Uros continue to live on theartificialislands made of floating totora reeds. They maintain the islands by continually adding fresh totora reeds to the tops of the island to replace those reeds which rot away from the bottom. The Uros build their homes of reeds and travel in reed rafts today just as the original inhabitants did centuries ago. They also craft items from reeds and sell them to tourists. Another indigenous group, well-known for high quality hand-woven textiles, lives on another reed island.
?The shores of Lake Titicaca are densely populated. The Aymara **prise another ancient civilization and live in the Bolivian Altiplano and Titicaca Basin. It is notable that they farm on stepped terraces, use farming methods that pre-date the Incas, and grow barley, potatoes, and other grains. Grains which are grown at the high altitudes of the Altiplano are not used for human consumption because the grain does not ripen. The stalks, however, serve as forage for animals such as llamas and alpacas.
?Reports of sunken treasure have excited diving expeditions for several years. Legends explain that when the Spanish arrived in Peru, the Incas removed an enormous gold chain from a temple and threw it into the lake. The chain has never been found but divers have explored portions of the lake in hopes of recovering treasures reported to exist. International archaeologists have discovered the ruins of an ancient temple, road, wall, a terrace, and pottery. When Jacques Cousteau explored portions of the lake bottom in 1973, his expedition team found numerous giant frogs which weighed approximately two pounds and were about two feet long. These bottom dweller frogs, with their wrinkly skin, were found to be able to survive the harsh, high altitude because they could absorb oxygen directly from the frigid waters through their skin. When a Cousteau expedition \"returned several years later they discovered possible remains of a city lying under the lake\"s waters and found the frog population diminished.\"
?Today, tourists enjoy the settlements along the shores and on the islands of Lake Titicaca, and people travel between Bolivia and Peru by boat. The Bolivian military has also utilized the lake to maintain an active navy despite the fact the country is landlocked. Glossary
plateau:an elevated and fairly level expanse of land altiplano:a high plateau
alpaca:a domesticated south American mammal landlocked:surrounded by or almost entirely by land 1. The word peaks in the passage refers to A. ships\" bows
B. tops of the Andes Mountains C. valleys of the Andes Mountains D. Lake Titicaca
2. The word origin in the passage is closest in meaning to A. rise B. ancestry C. source D. cause
3. What does \"Peru and Bolivia share the shoreline\" appear to indicate? A. The two nations dispute the boundaries of the lake. B. Both countries want a larger share of the lake. C. It is difficult to determine boundaries.
D. Lake Titicaca is partly in Bolivia and partly in Peru.
4. Why does the author mention, in paragraph 2, that the shore has rich agricultural soil? A. to support the fact that glacial waters were good for agriculture
B. to support the fact that ancient settlements were located on the shores of the lake C. to indicate that the lake\"s islands also had good soil
D. to prove that the sun god improved the life of the Andean peoples
5. What can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the ruins which exist in and near the lake? A. **munities focused on agriculture.
B. The lake is a holy place for the Andean people.
C. The people living in the area were socially advanced. D. Sun Island is the only island with ruins. 6. Why does the author mention Sun Island? A. to tell the reader the island belongs to Bolivia
B. to explain that the island may have been where the Inca civilization was founded C. to explain that the island is also known as Titicaca Island D. all of the above
7. The word artificial in the passage is closest in meaning to A. not real B. feigned
C. produced by art rather than nature D. floating
8. According to paragraph 4, what is the most important characteristic of the Aymara people? A. They are descendents of an ancient culture. B. They live in the Altiplano.
C. They use ancient farming methods.
D. They grow grain for the llamas and alpacas.
9. According to paragraph 5, what did Jacques Cousteau discover during his first expedition to Lake Titicaca? A. sunken treasure B. the lake\"s bottom
C. the presence of large frogs in the lake D. the remains of an ancient city
10. According to Paragraph 5, diving expeditions have discovered A. frogs and turtles
B. gold chains and pottery
C. a temple and migratory bird skeletons
D. terracing and a road
11. According to paragraph 6, why do travelers enjoy Lake Titicaca today? A. They can watch the military maneuvers.
B. They can cross between nations easily and quickly by boat. C. They can view **munities.
D. They can access a landlocked nation.
12. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
The vast lake is fed from rainfall and water melting from glaciers in the high sierras of the Altiplano as well as from more than twenty-five rivers which flow into it. Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.
13. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong: To remove an answer choice, click on it. To review the passage, click on View Text.
Lake Titicaca is important historically, commercially, and aesthetically to both Bolivia and Peru. · · ·
Answer Choices:
A. It is the **mercially navigable lake in the world.
B. Because the lake is freshwater, commercial fishing is an important source of income. C. Descendents of indigenous peoples have similar lifestyles today as their ancestors did. D. Information about the lake has been repeated in legends for centuries.
E. Economic benefits will flow to Bolivia and Peru once the Inca gold is finally found. F. Items made from reed provide an important source of income for the area\"s inhabitants.
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容