题型五 完形填空 河北中考五年命题规律及趋势
年份 体裁 2019 记叙文 2018 说明文 2017 记叙文 2016 说明文 讲述了大雁成长的经历 及其历史 团队 合作的例子 285词，7段式 209词，6段式 233词，7段式 学会释放压力 2015 记叙文 盐的重要性 话题 兴趣与职业 词数和段落 252词，4段式 230词，4段式 考查点 【规律总结】 名词、动词及动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、介词等 河北中考完形填空体裁主要为记叙文，偶尔会涉及说明文和议论文，篇幅逐渐增长，字数增多。
常考点为：动词词义辨析、名词词义辨析和形容词词义辨析，通常各设置2—3题。副词词义辨析和动词短语辨析，通常各设置1题。其他词类也偶有考查。
【命题趋势及预测】
预测河北2020年中考完形填空体裁以记叙文为主，话题贴近学生生活。考查内容：以考查动词词义辨析、名词词义辨析、形容词词义辨析、副词词义辨析、动词短语辨析为主，兼顾其他词性的考查。
解题方法与技巧
完形填空是介于单项选择题和阅读理解题之间的一种题型，旨在考查学生对词汇和语法知识在单句、上下文、语篇等各种具体语境下的综合运用能力，这就要求学生在解题中掌握一些方法、技巧。
1．速读。初读全文，跳开选项了解信息，初步掌握文章大意，抓住主题。
完形填空短文的首句一般不设空，因此认真阅读短文开头的第一、二句，有利于准确预测和推断短文的主旨大意。不要急于看选项，找答案。应通篇浏览文章，掌握文中的时间、地点、人物及事件。也不要拘泥于个别细节，否则难以达到整体上的把握。
2．精读。精读细研，初填试选，抓住短文的每段、每句及作者的思想。
再读时，可以运用一些方法来全面地审视填空，即常见完形填空的7种命题角度：语境推断、词汇复现、生活常识、固定搭配、逻辑推理、推理判断、语法知识(河北近5年中考完形填空中并没有涉及过此种命题角度)。
3．复读。再次阅读文章，瞻前顾后，反复推敲，检查答案是否符合文章逻辑推理。
对于那些不易定夺的选项或单词，可以从前后文和单词的搭配、语义、语法上进行分析推断。即：先看前后搭配是否符合语法；再看上下文意思是否通顺；然后看情节是否合理以及是否符合生活常识和文化背景，从而选出正确的答案。
填完所有空格以后，还需要进行最后的校核。考试时，校核最好在检查完其他试题之后进行。因为刚做完完形填空题，学生的思路仍留在原来的线上，若稍隔一段时间或做一些其他题目，再回头复读全文，从语感上体会文章是否通顺，校核所填的词是否合理，前后是否连贯，结构是否完整，就可以从另一个角度来观察一切，从而
中考复习
提高答题的准确率。
(2019河北中考)I have invented robots which improve the work of cars.My love of making things began __1__I was a kid.I really became excited about inventing after I learned about Thomas Edison.
One day in fourth grade，our __2__ gave us a project in class.We had to write to a company and learn about the products.I thought and thought. __3__ I chose the Thomas A．Edison Company.Soon after，the company sent me a book about the life of Thomas Edison.How I enjoyed reading and re-reading about his __4__！ I like the recorded sound and
the electric light most.The inventions were clearly printed on my brain.
My dad noticed my interest in inventing and __5__ me.He showed me how to turn my ideas into plans and then into new things.Once，I surprised my dad __6__ a model plane I made.Later，we found a __7__ model plane in a store.I learned that different inventors often invent similar things.It is not unusual for this to happen.I also learned that not all great ideas __8__.Failure is a common part of the inventing. As my father and I worked together，I began to realize that my dad was quite an inventor himself.He was always __9__ a better way to do a simple job.His guiding hands，together with my __10__ in inventing，led me to become an engineer and an inventor.Of course，I also thank Thomas Edison.He is my hero.
( )1.A.before B．after C．when D．until ( )2.A.parent B．teacher C．inventor D．engineer ( )3.A.Easily B．Finally C．Safely D．Quickly ( )4.A.lights B．projects C．suggestions D．inventions ( )5.A.mistook B．refused C．chose D．encouraged ( )6.A.with B．about C．into D．from ( )7.A.different B．similar C．large D．small ( )8.A.work B．fail C．come D．end
( )9.A.looking at B．looking for C．looking after D．looking through ( )10.A.habit B．story C．interest D．plan
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了“我”小时候就对制造东西非常感兴趣，上学后对托马斯·爱迪生及其发明有了更深入的了解。托马斯·爱迪生的影响，以及父亲对“我”的支持、鼓励，加上“我”对发明的兴趣，使“我”成为一名工程师和发明家。
1．C 【解析】命题角度：逻辑推理②。 考查连词辨析。根据下文可知，此处指在“我”小时候就热爱制作东西。when 意为“在……时候”，符合语境。before意为“在……之前”；after意为“在……之后”；until意为“直到……”，均与语境不符。故选C。
2．B 【解析】命题角度：语境推断①。考查名词辨析。根据空格后的“gave us a project in class”可知，此处
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中考复习
指老师给“我们”布置了一项作业。teacher意为“老师”，符合语境。parent意为“父亲或母亲”；inventor意为“发明家”；engineer意为“工程师”，均与语境不符。故选B。
3．B 【解析】命题角度：逻辑推理②。考查副词辨析。根据空格前一句“I thought and thought.”并结合语境可知，此处指“我”再三考虑，最终选择了Thomas A．Edison公司。finally意为“最终”，符合语境。easily意为“容易地”；safely意为“安全地”；quickly意为“快速地”，均与语境不符。故选B。
4．D 【解析】 命题角度：词汇复现③和生活常识④。考查名词辨析。根据常识可知，爱迪生有很多发明，所以此处指“我”很喜欢一遍又一遍地读安迪生的发明。invention意为“发明”，同时下文也提到invention。light意为“灯”；project意为“项目”；suggestion意为“建议”，均与语境不符。故选D。
5．D 【解析】命题角度：语境推断①。考查动词辨析。根据空格后一句“He showed me how to turn my ideas into plans and then into new things.”可知，此处指父亲经常鼓励“我”，教“我”如何把自己的想法变成计划，然后再变成新的东西。encourage意为“鼓励”，符合语境。mistake意为“误会”；refuse意为“拒绝”；choose意为“选择”，均与语境不符。故选D。
6．A 【解析】 命题角度：语境推断①。考查介词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指“我”做了一架飞机模型，让父亲很吃惊。surprise sb. with sth.是固定用法，意为“某物使某人大吃一惊”。about意为“关于”；into意为“到……里”；from意为“从；来自”，均与语境不符。故选A。
7．B 【解析】 命题角度：逻辑推理②。考查形容词辨析。根据空格后一句“I learned that different inventors often invent similar things.”可知，此处指“我们”在商店里发现了一个类似的飞机模型。similar意为“类似的”，符合语境。different意为“不同的”；large意为“大的”；small意为“小的”，均与语境不符。故选B。
8．A 【解析】命题角度：逻辑推理②。考查动词辨析。根据空格后一句“Failure is a common part of the inventing.”可知，此处指并非所有的想法都能成功。work意为“奏效；成功”，符合语境。fail意为“失败”；come意为“来”；end意为“结束”，均与语境不符。故选A。
9．B 【解析】命题角度：逻辑推理②。考查动词短语辨析。根据空格前一句中的“my dad was quite an inventor himself”可知，此处指父亲总是在寻找更好的方法做简单的工作。look for意为“寻找”，符合语境。look at意为“看”；look after意为“照顾”；look through意为“浏览”，均与语境不符。故选B。
10．C 【解析】命题角度：词汇复现③。考查名词辨析。根据第一段第二句“My love of making things began __1__ I was a kid.”可知，此处指“我”对发明的兴趣。interest意为“兴趣”，符合语境。habit意为“习惯”；story意为“故事”；plan意为“计划”，均与语境不符。故选C。
,考点：语境推断①
方法突破：语境推断题在完形填空中是最常见的，学生首先要弄清楚文章围绕何主题展开等，从而理解语境，体验语境。
考点：逻辑推理②
方法突破：连词辨析类的试题通常采用逻辑推理的方法，判断出设空前后两句之间的关系，选出正确的单词。
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中考复习
考点：词汇复现③
方法突破：在完形填空中，考查名词词义辨析时，通常使用词汇复现的解题方法，学生不要急于选出答案，须通过上下文的提示，读懂题意，选出正确的答案。
考点：生活常识④
方法突破：做此类题目时，应该联系生活实际和常识，然后作出正确的判断。
河北中考考点精练 A(2019德阳中考改编)
Thirty years ago, I walked into a bakery(面包厂) to buy some cakes to sell in the street. At that time, I was 12 years old. A kind lady served me that day. She gave me twenty cakes without taking my money and __1__ me good luck. I took the cakes and went out to sell them. It took me all day, __2__ I sold them all.And I made some money.I felt I was the __3__ boy in the world when I walked home that evening. The next day, I went to a bike shop. I paid a deposit(定金) for a new __4__. And then I started my job as a newspaper delivery(投递) boy. Soon I could __5__ the rest of the money for the bike and the bike was mine. I was so __6__ myself. Today I __7__ work in the delivery business. I have a truck to send things all over the country. I live in a beautiful house, but I don't ride a bike these days. I drive a nice large car.
I don't know who that __8__ was. But because she gave me the start, I have become a __9__ man. I'd like to show my __10__ to her.
(B)1.A.asked B．wished C．said D．told (A)2.A.but B．if C．for D．of
(C)3.A.unluckiest B．laziest C．happiest D．smartest (D)4.A.car B．truck C．bus D．bike (B)5.A.spend B．pay C．cost D．take
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中考复习
(B)6.A.afraid of B．proud of C．worried about D．interested in (D)7.A.yet B．even C．ever D．still (C)8.A.boy B．man C．lady D．child
(A)9.A.successful B．poor C．good D．bad (B)10.A.sorry B．thanks C．regrets D．love
B(2019鄂州中考改编)
On a hot summer morning, an old fisherman was fishing near a river. A child went by seeing him fishing. After a few minutes, the child found that the fisherman was really good __1__ fishing，because he didn't __2__ long catching a full basket of fish. As the fisherman felt that the child was clever, he offered him some fish. But the child __3__ his head. The fisherman asked in __4__， “Why not want the fish？”
The child pointed at the fishing rod(杆) in his hands and said, “I only want that.” “Why do you only want the rod？”asked the fisherman.
“Eating up all the fish you gave doesn't take long. But if I have a fishing rod, I can go __5__ by myself and I won't be afraid of not having any more fish to eat.”
I think you will __6__ say that the child is very cute. Wrong! I think if he doesn't know __7__ to fish, he can't have fish to eat, even though he has the fishing rod. So it's __8__ to only have a fishing rod. Fishing skills are the __9__ important, not the fishing rod.
In modern society, some people think that if they have a “fishing rod” in their life, they'll __10__ fear the wind and rain, just like the child who thought that if he had a fishing rod, he would have fish to eat.
(C)1.A.for B．in C．at D．with (D)2.A.take B．cost C．pay D．spend (C)3.A.lifted B．nodded C．shook D．shaked
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中考复习
(B)4.A.surprises B．surprise C．surprised D．surprising (B)5.A.running B．fishing C．swimming D．shopping (D)6.A.mainly B．finally C．exactly D．certainly (A)7.A.how B．where C．what D．when
(C)8.A.harmless B．homeless C．useless D．careless (A)9.A.most B．least C．less D．more
(D)10.A.not long B．not longer C．no long D．no longer
C(2019陕西中考)
Last summer, we had a volunteer activity in a village school. In the school, I saw a name Feng Aiguo on a list. This man offered much money to the school. I thought he must be a __1__ man. One day, on my way home from school, my bike was broken. Luckily I found a repairing stand(修车摊) across from the street. An old man was __2__ a bike. He was wearing a clean suit. He looked energetic(精力充沛的). While waiting, I knew __3__ about him from the old men chatting there. He was Lao Feng and __4__ to repair bikes after he retired(退休). Two months ago, his family moved to a new house. His son didn't want him to repair bikes any longer. He bought him suits and asked him to __5__ them and rest at home. But it didn't work. The old man continued his repairing work in his suits. After a while, the old man got my bike repaired. __6__ I was leaving, an old lady came and called him “Aiguo”. __7__ the name on the list of the village school came into my mind. But how could such a common repairman __8__ so much money? I asked him if he knew that village. He told me it was his hometown and the __9__ there still needed help. So he always saved money by repairing bikes to help them. Then I was sure that he was the person on the __10__.
(A)1.A.rich B．poor C．healthy D．unhealthy (D)2.A.selling B．washing
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中考复习
C．riding D．repairing (B)3.A.everything B．something C．anything D．nothing (A)4.A.started B．failed C．feared D．remembered (A)5.A.wear B．lose C．make D．lend (B)6.A.Unless B．When C．If D．Though (D)7.A.Luckily B．Sadly C．Usually D．Immediately (A)8.A.give away B．throw away C．take back D．give back (D)9.A.workers B．visitors C．riders D．villagers (C)10.A.way B．map C．list D．book
D(2019青海中考改编)
A kindergarten teacher decided to have her class play a game. The teacher told each student to bring a plastic bag with a few potatoes in it to school. Each student would “name” their potatoes after people they did not like. __1__， the number of potatoes would be __2__ depending on how many people each student hated. The next day, with their potatoes, all the students went to school to__3__ the game. Some kids had just one or two potatoes, while others had as many as five or six. The teacher then told the children that they would have to carry their potatoes with __4__ wherever they went for one week. Several days __5__. Some of the students started to complain(抱怨), as their potatoes began to rot(腐烂) and __6__ bad. The students who carried __7__ potatoes began to get unsatisfied with the heavy bags.
One week later, the game __8__. The teacher asked，“How did you __9__ carrying around your potatoes for a week？”
The students complained once again. The teacher simply smiled and said，“This is what it's like to carry hatred(仇恨) in your heart. You have to carry it with you wherever you go. If you can't tolerate (容忍) carrying rotten potatoes for
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中考复习
one week, how can you imagine having __10__ in your heart for a whole lifetime? Forgive others and move on with your life.”
(C)1.A.However B．In a word C．Therefore D．After all (A)2.A.different B．similar C．the same D．small (B)3.A.watch B．join in C．win D．lose (C)4.A.it B．that C．them D．him
(A)5.A.passed by B．passed on C．walked by D．walked on (B)6.A.taste B．smell C．sound D．feel (C)7.A.few B．some C．more D．any
(D)8.A.continued B．was done C．began D．was over (A)9.A.feel B．look C．enjoy D．think (D)10.A.love B．happiness C．friendship D．hate
E(2019唐山古冶区二模)
At my primary school，I was one of the smartest kids there.I never studied after class，but always got near perfect scores on all my __1__．I was a child genius(天才)，at least __2__ my mind.I was also __3__ music and sports.I was pretty sure that when I got to the seventh grade，everyone __4__ my teachers would be amazed by me. But __5__，they weren't.
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中考复习
When I arrived at my new class，it seemed that there was always someone else who could do __6__ than me.My grades got worse and I needed to actually be studying for my tests.I believed I wasn't smart.I believed I wasn't talented.I believed I __7__．
Over the next two years，I had to work very hard at everything I did.Grades were still very low but gradually __8__．I worked really hard but was still never the best at everything.
__9__ do I really have to be the best at everything？All the pressure I was feeling，all that embarrassment when I did wrong，that was me！I was being too hard on myself.In fact，when I did badly on a test，my classmates would never __10__ me. No one is perfect.There will probably always be someone better than me at something.I will never be the number one at everything，and it's really okay.
(B)1.A.roles B．tests C．activities D．reasons (A)2.A.in B．at C．with D．under (C)3.A.late for B．tired of C．good at D．busy with (B)4.A.inviting B．including C．greeting D．admiring (D)5.A.probably B．gradually C．mainly D．actually (C)6.A.worse B．less C．better D．more (D)7.A.passed B．relaxed C．missed D．failed
(A)8.A.improving B．fighting C．reporting D．completing (A)9.A.But B．Or C．If D．So
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中考复习
(D)10.A.learn from B．worry about C．wait for D．laugh at
F(2020预测)
Salted fish is a common food that is popular in the south of China.It is chewy(耐嚼的) and adds a salty flavor(味道) to other dishes.But eating__1__ salted fish can give you cancer(癌症)，according to a list of cancer-causing foods that was
recently published by the China Food and Drug Administration.
Salted fish is produced__2__ a large amount of salt, which later turns into nitrites(亚硝酸盐)．When nitrites reach our stomach, they turn into__3__ kind of chemical that__can cause cancer. So does this __4__ we can't eat salted fish anymore? “People don't need to worry too much.Cancer has to __5__ how often you eat certain foods and how much of them you eat，”a doctor said.__6__ you really like eating salted fish, you can eat a small amount of it once or twice a month.At the same time, you should also eat more fruit and vegetables that are __7__ in Vitamin C, as this can help to prevent the formation(形成) of nitrites.
In fact, there are many foods that are __8__ to cause cancer, such as pickles(腌菜)，certain fried foods and even red meat, such as pork, lamb and beef.
Although these foods can __9__ cause cancer, it doesn't mean a person will get cancer just from eating them.Cancer is caused by many different factors, such as one's genes, environment, lifestyle and eating __10__．As long as one has a balanced diet, one doesn't need to avoid cancer-causing foods completely.
(B)1.A.too many B．too much C．much too D．many too (B)2.A.on B．with C．behind D．like (D)3.A.other B．others C．the other D．another (A)4.A.mean B．point C．think D．believe
(C)5.A.agree to B．connect with C．do with D．begin to (B)6.A.So B．If C．But D．Unless
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(B)7.A.poor B．rich C．successful D．weak (A)8.A.thought B．expected C．made D．allowed (A)9.A.possibly B．truly C．clearly D．exactly (D)10.A.skills B．directions C．results D．habits
中考复习
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