因果型议论文

1． 复习上节课重点内容并对上次作文进行反馈（10m） （略）

2． 根据范文讲授因果分析型议论文的特点和写作框架（15m） 2007.12 What Electives to Choose 1. 各大学开设了各种各样的选修课 2. 学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课 3. 以你自己为例… Recently, the phenomenon that more and more students want to study the courses other than the required ones has caused public concern. To meet their demands, many universities offer many electives for them to choose from. Some electives are only targeted at certain majors; while many other electives are open to all the students on campus. Generally speaking, there are many reasons responsible for students’ choice of electives, and the major ones can be listed as follows. To begin with/For one thing, some students want to lay a solid foundation for their future study or research; therefore, they choose the electives related to their majors. Second/For another, some students want to widen their knowledge, they choose the courses which have little connection with their majors. Third/The third reason is, some students just want to get enough credits and they tend to choose the electives which are easy to study. Take me for example/As far as I’m concerned, I mainly choose the courses closely related to my major, because I want to pursue postgraduate study majoring in English Language and Literature, I choose such courses as A history of the American Literature. There’s no denying that such elective courses are helpful to my future study. 因果分析型议论文的写作特点及框架： introduction: 现象法开头 topic sentence 使用模版句引入主题+ developing sentence 总体阐述社会上出现这一现象的事实

body: 分析原因，按一定逻辑顺序，由主到次或由次到主 （TS+ 各原因） conclusion: 阐述自己的原因，并加以总结 （TS+原因）

3． 精选讲授因果分析型议论文的常用表达法（15m） 模版一： Introduction: Recently, the phenomenon that has caused public concern. Body: Generally speaking, there are many reasons responsible for and the major ones can be listed as follows. To begin with/For one thing .Second/For another .Third/The third reason is . Conclusion: Take me for example/As far as I’m concerned, ,because . There’s no denying that . 模版二： Introduction: It is well known to us all that in our daily life (重要性). There are a growing number of people who are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of . Body: Several causes might contribute to this instance. The primary reason lies in . The second factor is that . Conclusion: Therefore it is not difficult to draw/come to the conclusion that…/ Taking into account/consideration all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that . In conclusion/to sum up/ on the whole, it is high time that .

4． 头脑风暴：针对因果分析型议论文的主题让学生提出原因和结果（20m）

1999.1 Don’t Hesitate to Say “No” （以此题为例） 学生头脑风暴的思路和想法 范文或老师的观点 1. losing their face, since they think refusal means their inability 2. some people are afraid to offend their acquaintances' face, such as their friends, relatives

5． 句子构建（九）：因果分析型议论文中的句子升级练习（15m）-- 没太理解要求？

这部分我手头没有写作材料，不知道能不能理解成一些句子的翻译，但是不知道要的是模版句型的翻译还是给定题目，针对这个题目分析原因的翻译。如果是模版的翻译，可以找一些因果型的模版句（觉得我们教材那上面的句型都不错，可以筛选一下），如果是给定题目翻译，我感觉可以和上一部分的头脑风暴或下面的结合，学生在阐述原因时同时就是对句子的翻译。

6． 写作练习：给定因果分析型议论文的写作框架让学生补充具体内容（15m）

2002.12 It Pays to Be Honest

It is well known to us all that honesty is believed to be a virtue in our daily life. But there are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some businessmen sell fake product to their consumers; some students cheat in the exams.

Several causes might contribute to this instance. The primary reason lies in dishonest people are short-sighted. Those who sell fake products may make money at first, but consumers won't buy their products any more. As a result, they will lose their fortune or even be sent to prison. By contrast, honest people gain a lot. Those who always tell truth or keep to their promise not only let others trust them but gain respect from other people as well. Such persons are sure to have a lot of good friends. Because they are trustable and respectable, everyone is eager to make friends with them. Besides, it is easier for a person with a good record to get a good job. Generally speaking, every employer wants his employees to be honest. So we can say that anyone who is honest will be paid back later.

Therefore it is not difficult to draw/come to the conclusion that…/ Taking into account/consideration all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that honesty wins trust, respect and honor. So it is important that we should be honest.

议论文（五）：因果分析型议论文（二） 1． 复习上节课重点内容（5m） （略）

2． 设计gap-filling，让学生补充因果分析型议论文中的常用连词（10m）

我没有资料，这个要求是一篇文章的gaps-filling吗？还是若干个句子？

1999.1 Don’t Hesitate to Say “No”

It is well known to us all that people helping each other is a general rule in our daily life (重要性). There are a growing number of people who are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of helping others without considering the reasons（提出问题）. For one thing, when it is beyond our ability, we should give a direct reply \"no\". For another, the thing we are asked for is unreasonable or even illegal, we should say \"no\" without hesitation.

Many people prefer to say \"yes\" even though they should say \"no”. Several causes might contribute to this instance. The primary reason lies in losing their face, since they think refusal means their inability. The second factor is that some people are afraid to offend their acquaintances' face, such as their friends, relatives and so on.

Therefore it is not difficult to draw/come to the conclusion that it is quite harmful to do so. /Taking into account/consideration all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that it is quite harmful to do so. If you agree to do the things beyond your ability, the result will only be worse. If you agree to do the unreasonable or even the illegal favors, such as cheating in the exam, you are in fact not helping the other but hurting him. You yourself will get into trouble too. In conclusion/to sum up/ on the whole, it is high time that we should say “no” to some unreasonable requests without any hesitation.

3． 引导学生应用常用表达法补充因果分析议论文的开头和结尾部分（15m） introduction: 现象法为主(找一些因果性议论文的题目，让学生通过给定的模版进行练习，见附录一)

conclusion: 阐述自己观点或总结 (找一些因果性议论文的题目，让学生通过给定的模版进行练习)

4． 分析范文让学生整合因果分析型议论文的写作重点及常见错误（15m）

我感觉这一部分，就是让学生把所学的关于因果型议论文的结构充分了解记忆，或在课堂上背下来，讲稿中不好体现出来呀，常见错误，学生还没写，怎么分析错误呢？

5． 句子构建（十）：因果分析型议论文中的定语从句（15m） 不太理解，为什么一定要用定语从句？

6． 因果分析型议论文写作：给定题目让学生独立完成并收集批改（30m） （略）

附录一：题目

1. Why do we learn English?

As the society is developing fast and China has joined the WTO, English is becoming a “bridge” of communication between China and the world outside. With the wide use of the Internet, it is necessary for people to learn English. Now, besides the native speakers, the number of people studying and using English is larger and larger in the world. English had become a real world language.

2. Why do we need to reduce the population?

Overpopulation is a serious problem in many less developed countries because it can bring about lots of trouble for us. E.g. the lack of food, more pollution, the tension of employment … 3. Why do the children need to make their own decision? 4. Why is the library important for us?

Generally speaking, a library is a very quiet place. In a library, we can better concentrate and study more effectively. Besides, there are all kinds of books, magazines and newspapers in the library which provide us with a great deal of useful knowledge. The library is a place where our desire for knowledge can be satisfied. Now can one do research without the help of a library. It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without library.

附录二：写作常用套语（我们写作书上一些句子也挺好） There are several reasons for…

There are many factors that account for /contribute to /responsible for …，but the following are the typical ones.

There are a number of serious effects on…Perhaps the most potential consequence is …

Taking into account all the relevant factors， /Judging from all the evidence offered， we may come to the conclusion that.。.

Therefore， it can be inferred that… Accordingly， I recommend that…