写作的七项基本原则
1、长短句原则：长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，写一个短小精辟的句子，可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题：
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.
建议：在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式；文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
2、主题句：一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头(保险型)或结尾，让读者一目了然。
提示：不可隐藏主体句！
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
3、一二三原则：文章结构要清楚，条理要自然。方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。
1）first, second, third, last（不推荐，原因：太过简单）
2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐，原因：太过简单）
3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推荐，原因：太过简单）
4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推荐，原因：太过简单）
5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐）
6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐）
7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐）
8）most important of all, moreover, finally
9）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）
10）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）
4、短语优先原则：写作时，使用短语，有两个好处：其一是用短语会使文章增加亮点；其二是关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法。这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。如：
I cannot bear it.
可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.
I want it.
可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.
5、多实少虚原则：写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该用nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital之类的形象词。再比如：走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room
但是小偷走出房间应该用slip out of the room；小姐走出房间应该用sail out of the room；
小孩走出房间应该用dance out of the room；老人走出房间应该用stagger out of the room。
6、多变句式原则
1）加法(串联)：可以在句子之间加and,但要确定前后的句子有先后关系或者并列关系。 eg：I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar.
如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.
其它的短语可以用：
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover
2）因果(so, so, so)：讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以“然后”这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的就是先后或因果关系。
eg：The snow began to fall, so we went home.
更多短语：
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that
3）失衡句(头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重)：文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句的变形。
eg：This is what I can do.
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：
When to go, Why he goes away…
4）附加(多此一举)：定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。
eg：The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.
其实很简单，同位语 — 要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句 — 借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。
5）排比(排山倒海句)：引用一个个的排比句，一个个的对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个的词，一个个的短语。
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.
7、挑战极限原则：诸如“独立主格”的句子，其实它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
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