2009年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（初试）
招收专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学与应用语言学
研究方向：英语语言学、英美文学、翻译理论、文体学、英语国家文化研究、
英语教学理论及应用、现代英语研究、社会语言学
科目代码：821 科目名称：翻译与写作 ★★★考生不得在本试题上答题，或任意涂写！★★★ 一、将下面英语短文中的划线部分译成现代汉语：(50%) 1.（15%） I was never the likeliest candidate for this office. We didn't start with much money or many endorsements. Our campaign was not hatched in the halls of Washington. It began in the backyards of Des Moines and the living rooms of Concord and the front porches of Charleston. It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give $5 and $10 and $20 to the cause. It grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generation's apathy who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep. It drew strength from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on doors of perfect strangers, and from the millions of Americans who volunteered and organized and proved that more than two centuries later a government of the people, by the people, and for the people has not perished from the Earth. This is your victory. 2. (15%) South Korea's largest mobile phone operator said Thursday that it will offer cell phone users a new noise service that it says will repel mosquitoes. SK Telecom Co.(鲜京电讯公司)said subscribers can pay 3,000 won (US$2.50) to download a sound wave that is inaudible to human ears but annoys mosquitoes within a range of three feet. Customers can then play the sound by hitting a few buttons on their mobile phones. The company claimed that the service worked during tests. The service, which begins Monday, has one drawback: it consumes as much battery power as normal cell phone rings. SK Telecom has 17 million subscribers and controls a little over 50 percent of the domestic market. 第 1 页 共 3 页
命题教师：贺 微、张荣建 负责人签字：吴显友
招收专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学与应用语言学
研究方向：英语语言学、英美文学、翻译理论、文体学、英语国家文化研究、
英语教学理论及应用、现代英语研究、社会语言学
科目代码：821 科目名称：翻译与写作 ★★★考生不得在本试题上答题，或任意涂写！★★★ 3.（20%） The diversity gives endless color to the city, so that walking in it is a constant education in sights and smells. There is a wonderful variety of places to eat or shop, and though the most successful of such places are likely to be touristy hybrid comprises, they too have genuine roots. Other American cities have ethnic turfs jealously defended, but not, I think, such an admixture of groups, thrown together in such jarring juxtapositions. In the same way, avenues of high-rise luxury in New York are never far from poverty and mean streets. The sadness and fortitude of New York must be celebrated, along with its treasures of art and music. The combination is unstable; it produces friction, or an uneasy forbearance that sometimes becomes a real toleration. 二、将下面的古汉语短文译成现代汉语：（20%） 吾尝终日而思矣，不如须臾之所学也；吾尝跂而而望矣，不如登高之博见也。登高而招，臂非加长也，而见者远；顺风而呼，声非加疾也，而闻者彰。假輿马者，非利足也，而致千里；假舟楫者，非能水也，而绝江河。君子生非异也，善假于物也。 三、将下面的汉语短文译成英语：（40%） 1．（20%） 有着黑漆大门的公馆静寂地并排立在寒风里。两个永远沉默的石狮子蹲在门口。门开着，好像一只怪兽的大门，里面是一个黑洞，这里面有什么东西，谁也望不见。每个公馆都经过相当长久的年代，或是更换了几个姓。每一个公馆都有它自己的秘密，大门上的黑漆脱落了，又涂上新的，虽然经过了这些改变，可是它们的秘密依旧不让外面的人知道。 第 2 页 共 3 页
命题教师：贺 微、张荣建 负责人签字：吴显友
招收专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学与应用语言学
研究方向：英语语言学、英美文学、翻译理论、文体学、英语国家文化研究、
英语教学理论及应用、现代英语研究、社会语言学
科目代码：821 科目名称：翻译与写作 ★★★考生不得在本试题上答题，或任意涂写！★★★ 2．（20%） 从前宋国有个农民，他的田地中有一颗树桩。一天，一只跑的飞快的兔子撞在了树桩上，扭断了脖子而死。从此，那个农民荒废了他的耕作，天天等在树桩旁，希望能再得到只兔子。当然，兔子是没等到，他自己却成了宋国的笑柄。 四、写作(40%) Direction: Write a composition of more than 400 words on the following topic with your own title. In the writing you should present your thesis statement, supporting details and natural conclusion. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. A summary is a brief restatement of the essential thought of a longer composition. It reproduces the theme of the original with as few words as possible. When one writes a summary, all one has to do is to give the gist of the author’s exact and essential meaning. 第 3 页 共 3 页
命题教师： 贺 微、张荣建 负责人签字：吴显友
重庆师范大学
2009年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（初试）
（参考答案）
招收专业：英语语言文学、外国语言学与应用语言学
研究方向：英语语言学、英美文学、翻译理论、文体学、英语国家文化研究、
英语教学理论及应用、现代英语研究、社会语言学
科目代码：821 科目名称：翻译与写作
一、将下面英语短文中的划线部分译成现代汉语：(50%)
1.（15%）
而竞选活动的声势越来越大则是源自那些年轻人，他们拒绝接受认为他们这代人冷漠的荒诞说法；他们离开家、离开亲人，从事报酬微薄、极其辛苦的工作。
同时也源自那些已经不算年轻的人们，他们冒着严寒酷暑，敲开陌生人的家门进行竞选宣传；更源自数百万的美国民众，他们自动自发地组织起来，证明了在两百多年以后，民有、民治、民享的政府并未从地球上消失。
这是你们的胜利。
2. (15%)
韩国鲜京电讯公司表示，定制此项服务的用户只需花3000韩元（合2.50美元）便可下载一种声波。这种声波可以在三英尺的范围内驱赶蚊虫，而人耳却听不见。用户只需按几下手机按键便可播放该声波。
该公司宣称此项服务在测试中运行良好。
此项服务于7月7日开通，但它目前的一个缺点就是耗电量相当于播放一般手机铃声。 鲜京电讯公司目前已经拥有约1700万用户，国内市场占有率已略超过50%。
3.（20%）
在美国的其他城市，不同民族各有自己的地盘，并小心翼翼地加以保护，但是我认为那些地方没有这种不和谐地把不同的集团搁在一起的大杂烩。同样地，在纽约，拥有多层高楼的豪华大街与贫困、破旧的街道从来相隔不远。纽约的忧伤与刚毅要与其艺术和音乐财富一起加以赞美。这种结合是不稳定的，它产生摩擦或是一种不稳定的克制。这种克制有时变成一种真正的容忍。
二、将下面的古汉语短文译成现代汉语：（20%）
我曾经整天地思索过，总及不上一会儿工夫的学习有收获；我曾经踮起脚跟眺望过，总及不上站到高处视野广阔。登上山顶去招手，胳膊并不是添了长度，可是见到的人会是距离很远的（可是人家在远处就能看到）；顺着风势来叫唤，声音并不是加了强度，可是听见的人会听得很清楚。利用车辆马匹的人，并不是铁脚板呀，可是能够到达千里之外；利用船舶桨舵的人，并不是好水性呀，可是能够横渡长江大河。有能耐的人倒不是一生下来就有什么非凡之处，他会向向工具借力呀。
三、将下面的汉语短文译成英语：（40%） 1．（20%）
A row of residential compounds, with large solid wood gates painted black, stood motionless in the icy gale. Pairs of eternally mute stone lions crouched outside their entrances—one on either side. Opened gates have the appearance of the mouth of fantastic beasts. Within were dark caverns; what was inside them, no one could see.
Each of these residences had a long history; some had changed owners several times. Each had its secrets. When the black veneer peeled off the big gates, they were painted again. But no matter what changes took place, the secrets were kept. No outsider was ever permitted to know them.
2．（20%）
In the state of Song, there was a farmer in whose fields stood a tree stump. One day, a hare ran to his field. Running too fast, it dashed against the stump and broke its neck, died. So the farmer abandoned his plough and waited by the tree stump, hoping to get another hare. He did not get his hare but became a laughing stock in the state.
四、写作(40%)
评分标准：内容充实（含论点，讨论和结论），语言通顺，用词恰当，表达得体。
观点内容占50%；文章结构占10%；语言表达占40%。 起码评分标准：字数，点题，结构。
命题教师：贺 微、张荣建
重庆师范大学
2010年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试初试试题
考试科目代码及名称：824翻译与写作
一、将下面英语短文中的划线部分译成现代汉语：(50%)
1. (25%)
It seems as if a great deal were attainable in a world where there are so many marriages and decisive battles, and where we all, at certain hours of the day, and with great gusto and dispatch, stow a portion of victuals finally and irretrievably into the bag which contains us. And it would seem also, on a hasty view, that the attainment of as much as possible was the one goal of man’s contentious life. And yet, as regards the spirit, this is but a semblance. We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we dwell on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life. To be truly happy is a question of how we begin and not of how we end, of what we want and not of what we have. An aspiration is a joy forever, a possession as solid as a landed estate, a fortune which we can never exhaust and which gives us year by year a revenue of pleasurable activity. To have many of these is to be spiritually rich. To those who have neither art nor science, the world is a mere arrangement of colors, or a rough footway where they may very well break their shins. It is in virtue of his own desires and curiosities that any man continues to exist with even patience, that he is charmed by the look of things and people, and that he wakens every morning with a renewed appetite for work and pleasure. Desire and curiosity are the two eyes through which he sees the world in the most enchanted colors: it is they that make women beautiful or fossils interesting: and the man may squander his estate and come to beggary, but if he keeps these two amulets he is still rich in the possibilities of pleasure. Suppose he could take one meal so compact and comprehensive that he should never hunger any more; suppose him, at a glance, to take in all the features of the world and allay the desire for knowledge; suppose him to do the like in any province of experience—would not that man be in a poor way for amusement ever after?
2. (25%)
Filtration is both a process of major contemporary importance and one with its beginnings rooted in antiquity. Hardly a modern industry exists without some dependence on a filtering operation. Large-scale filters are employed in diverse processes annually treating millions of tons of minerals, chemicals, and liquid wastes. Others protect the environment from disagreeable or deleterious gasborne emissions. Small filters are found in every automobile, and exceedingly small ones ensure the reliable performance of sophisticated navigational and space oriented equipment. Still others capture bacteria or remove traces of solid matter from gas and liquid streams so that delicate instruments can be assembled without defect and beverages, medicinals, and food can be had free contamination.
二、将下面的古汉语短文译成现代汉语：（20%）
古之所谓豪杰之士，必有过人之节，人情有所不能忍者。匹夫见辱，拔剑而起，挺身而斗，此不足为勇也。天下有大勇者，卒然临之而不惊，无故加之而不怒，此其所挟持者甚大，而其志甚远也。
夫子房受书于圯上之老人也，其事甚怪。然亦安知其非秦之世，有隐君子者，出而试之？观其所以微见其意者，皆圣贤相与警戒之义。而世不察，以为鬼物，亦巳过矣。且其意不在书。
三、将下面的汉语短文译成英语：（40%）
1.（20%）
今天，即使在西方发达国家，社会仍然是由家庭组成的，社会的基本细胞是家庭而不是个人。在我国，家庭的价值就更不容怀疑了。人们首先是在家庭中生活、成长、发展和完善的。家庭是塑造人的微观环境，是人的社会化的第一课堂。没有家庭文明作为基础，整个社会的精神文明根本无从谈起，或者只能像沙滩上的大厦，迟早会坍塌的。
2.（20%）
我不知道那些花草真叫什么名字，人们叫他们什么名字。我记得有一种开过极细小的粉红花，现在还开着，但是更极细小了，她在冷的夜气中，瑟缩地做梦，梦见春的到来，梦见秋的到来，梦见瘦的诗人将眼泪擦在她最末的花瓣上，告诉她秋虽然来，冬虽然来，而此后接着还是春，蝴蝶乱飞，蜜蜂都唱起春词来了。她于是一笑，虽然颜色冻得红惨惨地，仍然瑟缩着。
四、写作(40%)
Direction: Write a composition of more than 400 words on the following topic with your own title. In the writing you should present your thesis statement, supporting details and naturalconclusion. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
Topic: Many people think the increasing trade and cultural contacts between countries as positive development. Others think these are leading to the loss of nation identities.
Discuss both sides of the problem and give your own opinion.
重庆师范大学
2010年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试初试试题
(参考答案)
考试科目代码及名称：824翻译与写作
一、将下面英语短文中的划线部分译成现代汉语：(50%)
1. (25%)
人活一世，渴望得到的东西好像很多：不胜枚举的婚姻和决战等；无论身居何方，每天的某个时刻，我们都坚决无悔地将一份食物津津有味并且快速地吞入腹中。初看一下，尽量获取，多多益善似乎便是这纷扰人生的唯一目的。然而从精神层面上看，这只不过是一个表象而已。我们生活幸福之时，我们就如登梯，步步高升，没有终结。眼光长远的人，天地自然宽；虽然我们蜗居在这颗小行星上，整日为琐事而忙，生命短暂，但我们生来就有愿望，尽管它们像星星一样可望不可及，但生命不息，愿望不止。真正的幸福就在于怎样开始而不是怎样结束，是想拥有什么，而不是得到了什么。渴望是一种永恒的幸福，它是一笔财富，犹如房地产一样踏实，用之不竭、年年受益、幸福一生。有了许多这类理想即可谓之精神富足。
2. (25%)
过滤既是现代广泛采用的一种重要技术，又是一种历史非常悠久的处理方法，任何一种现代化工业几乎都程度不同地与过滤技术有关。每年大型过滤器以多种多样的形式处理数百万吨矿物、化学制品和废水。有些过滤器用于保护环境，使其不受各种有毒气体溢出物的危害。小型过滤器是每辆机动车的必需品。微型过滤器能使复杂的导航和空间定向装置的性能可靠。还有一些过滤器能捕捉细菌或从气流或液流中滤除微量颗粒，使一些精密仪器能在“干净”的环境里装配，使各种饮料、药品和食品免遭污染。
二、将下面的古汉语短文译成现代汉语：（20%）
古代所说的英雄豪杰，一定有过人的节操，有一般人情所不能忍受的度量。普通人一旦被侮辱，就拔剑而起，挺身而斗，这不能算是勇敢。天下那些真正有大勇的人，意外事件突然降临而不惊慌，无缘无故地对他加以侮辱，也不发怒，这是由于他的抱负很大，而他的志向又很高远的缘故。
张良从桥上老人那里得到兵书，这件事很奇怪。但是又怎能知道那不是秦时隐居的君子，特意出来考验张良的呢?看他用来隐约显示自己的意思的，都是圣
贤相互警戒的道理。而世人却不明白，以为是鬼怪，这已经是错误的了。而且老人的真实用意并不在于授书。
三、将下面的汉语短文译成英语：（40%）
1.（20%）
Even in developed Western countries, society today is still made up of families. Its basic units are families rather than individuals. In our country, the value of the family admits of no doubts. It is first of all in the family, which is both a microcosm for the socialization of an individual, that we are born, grow up, develop and gradually mature. Without a family civilization, the spiritual civilization of society at large would be like so many as bubbles, or like mansions built on sand only to collapse sooner or later.
2.（20%）
I have no idea what these plants are called, what names they are commonly known by. One of them, I remember, has minute pink flowers, and its flowers are still lingering on, although more minute than ever. Shivering in the cold night air they dream of the coming of spring, of the coming of autumn, of the lean poet wiping his tears upon their last petals, who tells them autumn will come and winter will come, yet spring will follow when butterflies flit to and fro, and all the bees start humming songs of spring. Then the little pink flowers smile, though they have turned a mournful crimson with cold and are shivering still.
四、写作(40%)
评分标准：内容充实（含论点，讨论和结论），语言通顺，用词恰当，表达得体。
观点内容占50%；文章结构占10%；语言表达占40%。 起码评分标准：字数，点题，结构。
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