表示国家、城市名等地理和地理名称的名词前,不加冠词
如:USA 美国;Africa 非洲;England; Shanghai 上海;Guilin 桂林
China is a very large country. 中国是个大国
2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词
如:They are teachers. 他们是教师。
3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;
如:Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。
4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定
冠词;如:Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。
I like eating bread for breakfast. The bread of that shop is very nice
5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;
如:We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课
I like to climb the mountain in autumn.
Spring is the best season in a year.
6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;
如:The guards took the American to General Lee.
士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。
7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词如:have breakfast
play chess
如:Would you please buy some food for supper?
Mary began to learn how to play volleyball when she was three.
They like to play bridge when they are free
8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;
如:I can't write without pen or pencil.
没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。
9)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;by bus,by train,
by taxi,by bike,by water,by air 乘飞机by sea 乘船)
而加了别的修饰词后,其前面的介词也应作相应的转换。
如:I went to New York by car.
I went to New York in his car.
10)有些个体名词不用冠词;如:school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;at / to / from / out of / after / for school; in / to / for / after class;
go to hospital去医院看病
go to the hospital去医院并不是去看病,而是有其他目的
但如果当建筑物讲时应加冠词
如,He was in hospital for two days.
他住院已经有两天了。
He went to the hospital to see his mother. 他去医院看望他的母亲
11)by和计量单位之间要有定冠词。
如:He was paid by the hour.他的工资是按小时计算的。
12) 街道名称、城市的重要、主要建筑物名称前不用。
如I live at 105 Lake Street.
They are now at People’s Cinema.他们此刻在人民电影院。
如:Next summer holiday I will go to the country to live on a farm.
[析]country既作国家讲也作乡村讲。作乡村讲时,一定要加定冠词,而且只有单数形式,作国家讲时则可有复数形式。
如:Japan is a country.
Japan, China, India are Asian countries.
13) 在一些惯用短语中不用冠词:
bit by bit 逐渐day after (by) day 一天又一天
day and night 日日夜夜
face to face (面对面)from A to Z 自始至终
from time to time 再三
hand in hand 手拉手
at night/noon/midnight;
不加冠词 at table 在进餐 at desk 在读书 at school 在上学 in class 在上课 in bed 卧床 in prison 坐牢 in hospital 住院 go to school 去上学 go to bed 上床睡觉 加定冠词
at the table 在桌子旁边
at the desk 在课桌旁
at the school 在学校里
in the class 在班级里面
in the bed 在床上
in the prison(因事)在监狱
in the hospital(因事)在医院 go to the school(因事)去学校 go to the bed 在床上
go to hospital 去看病 go to the hospital 去医院
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