Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the
importance of having a sense of community responsibility. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions l to 4 are based on the conversations you have just heard. 1. A) It focuses exclusively on jazz. B) It sponsors major jazz concerts. C) It has several branches in London. D) It displays albums by new music talents. 2. A) It originated with cowboys. B) Its market has now shrunk.
C) Its listeners are mostly young people. D) It remains as widespread as hip hop music. 3. A) Its definition is varied and complicated. B) It is still going through experimentation.
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C) It is frequently accompanied by singing. D) Its style has remained largely unchanged. 4. A) Learn to play them. B) Take music lessons. C) Listen to them yourself. D) Consul jazz musicians.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversations you have just heard. 5. A) She paid her mortgage. B) She called on the man. C) She made a business plan. D) She went to the bank.
6. A) Her previous debt hadn’t been cleared yet. B) Her credit history was considered poor. C) She had apparently asked for too much. D) She didn’t pay her mortgage in time. 7. A) Pay a debt long overdue. B) Buy a piece of property. C) Start her own business. D) Check her credit history.
8. A) Seek advice from an expert about fund raising.
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B) Ask for smaller loans from different lenders. C) Build up her own finances step by step. D) Revise her business proposal carefully. Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard. 9. A) It is profitable and environmentally friendly. B) It is well located and completely automated. C) It is small and unconventional. D) It is fertile and productive.
10.A) Their urge to make farming more enjoyable. B) Their desire to improve farming equipment. C) Their hope to revitalize traditional farming. D) Their wish to set a new farming standard 11.A) It saves a lot of electricity. B) It needs little maintenance. C) It causes hardly any pollution. D) It loosens soil while weeding.
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Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 12.A) It has turned certain insects into a new food source. B) It has started on expand business outside the UK. C) It has imported some exotic foods from overseas. D) It has joined hands with Sainsbury’s to sell pet insects. 13.A) It was really unforgettable. B) It was a pleasant surprise. C) It hurt his throat slightly. D) It made him feel strange.
14.A) They are more tasty than beef, chicken or pork. B) They are more nutritious than soups and salads. C) They contain more protein than conventional meats. D) They will soon gain popularity throughout the world. 15.A) It is environmentally friendly. B) It is a promising industry. C It requires new technology. D) It saves huge amounts of labour. Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recording will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C）
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and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16. A)To categorize different types of learners. B) To find out what students prefer to learn.
C) To understand the mechanism of the human brain. D) To see if they are inherent traits affecting learning. 17. A) It was defective. B)It was misguided. C) It was original in design. D) It was thought-provoking.
18. A) Auditory aids are as important as visual aids. B) Visual aids are helpful to all types of learners.
C) Reading plain texts is more effective than viewing pictures. D) Scientific concepts are hard to understand without visual aids. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard. 19. A) Not playing a role in a workplace revolution. B) Not benefiting from free-market capitalism.
C) Not earning enough money to provide for the family. D) Not spending enough time on family life and leisure. 20. A) People would be working only fifteen hours a week now.
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B) The balance of power in the workplace would change. C) Technological advances would create many new jobs. D) Most workers could afford to have a house of their own. 21. A) Loss of workers’ personal dignity. B) Deprivation of workers’ creativity. C) Deterioration of workers’ mental health. D) Unequal distribution of working hours.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. 22. A) It is the worst managed airport in German history. B) It is now the biggest and busiest airport in Europe. C) It has become something of a joke among Germans. D) It has become a typical symbol of German efficiency. 23. A) The city’s airports are outdated. B) The city had just been reunified. C) The city wanted to boost its economy. D) The city wanted to attract more tourists.
24. A) The municipal government kept changing hands. B) The construction firm breached the contract. C) Shortage of funding delayed its construction. D) Problems of different kinds kept popping up.
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25. A) Tourism industry in Berlin suffers. B)All kinds of equipment gets rusted. C) Huge maintenance costs accumulate. D) Complaints by local residents increase.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying—first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can tell your kitchen appliances what to do. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands, research suggests that, as bizarre as it
sounds, under certain 26 , people regularly ascribe human traits to everyday objects. Sometimes we see things as human because we are 27 . In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute 28 to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can 29 loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they had been 30 in a social setting, they compensated by exaggerating their number of friends—unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. According to the researchers, the participants' phones 31 substituted for real friends.
At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four respondents yelled at their computer. Further, the more their
computer gave them problems, the more likely the respondents were to report that it had its own “beliefs and 32 .”
So how do people assign traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are 33 with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred
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them—especially in 34 situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with gills (护栅) that were upturned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this 35 as increasing a car's friendliness. A) alleviate I) desires B) apparently J) excluded C) arrogant K) feature D) associated L) lonely E) circumstances M) separate F) competitive N) spectacularly G) conceded O) warrant H) consciousness Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
[A] Though he didn’t come from a farming family, from a young age Tim Joseph was fascinated by the idea of living off the land. Reading magazines like The Stockman Grass Farmer and Graze, he got hooked on the idea of grass-fed agriculture. The idea that all energy and wealth comes from the sun really intrigued him He thought the shorter the distance between the sun and the end product, the higher the profit to the farmer.
[B] Joseph wanted to put this theory to the test. In 2009, he and his wife Laura
launched Maple Hill Creamery, an organic, all grass-fed yogurt company in northern New York. He quickly learned what the market has demonstrated: Demand for grass-fed products currently exceeds supply. Grass-fed beef is enjoying a 25-30% annual growth rate. Sales of grass-fed yogurt and kefir (发酵乳饮品) on the other hand, have in the last year increased by over 38%. This is in comparison with a drop of just under 1% in the total yogurt and kefir market according to natural and organic market
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research company SPINS. Joseph’s top priority became getting his hands on enough grass-fed milk to keep customers satisfied, since his own 64-cow herd wasn’t going to suffice
[C] His first partnership was with Paul and Phyllis Amburgh, owners of the Dharma Lea farm in New York. The Amburghs, too, were true believers in grass-fed. In addition to supplying milk from their own 85-head herd, they began to help other farmers in the area convent from conventional to certified organic and grass-fed in order to enter the Maple Hill supply chain. Since 2010, the couple has helped 125 small dairy farms convert to grass-fed, with more than 80% of those farms coming on board during the last two years.
[D] All this conversion has helped Maple Hill grow 40-50% every year since it began with no end in sight. Joseph has learned that a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert. But convincing open-minded dairy people is actually not that hard, when you look at the economics. Grass-fed milk can fetch up to 2.5 times the price of conventional milk. Another factor is the squeeze that conventional dairy farmers have felt as the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up, tightening their profit
margins. By replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass-fed farmers are insulated from jumps in the price of feed. These practices
include grazing animals on grasses grown from the pastureland’s natural seed bunk, and fertilized by the cows’ own fertilizer
[E] Champions of this type of regenerative grazing also point to its animal welfare, climate and health benefits: Grass-fed animals live longer out of confinement. Grazing herds stimulate microbial (微生物的) activity in the soil, helping to capture water and separate carbon. And grass-fed dairy and meat have been shown to be higher in certain nutrients and healthy fats.
[F] In the grass fed system, farmers are also not subject to the wildly fluctuating milk prices of the international commodity market. The unpredictability of global demand and the lag-time it takes to add more cows to a herd to meet demand can result in events like the recent cheese surplus. Going grass-fed is a safe refuge, a way for family-scale farms to stay viable. Usually a farmer will get to the point where financially, what they’re doing is not working. That’s when they call Maple Hill. If the farm is well managed and has enough land, and the desire to convert is sincere, a relationship can begin. Through regular regional educational meetings, a large annual meeting, individual farm visits and thousands of phone calls, the Amburghs pass on the principles of pasture management. Maple Hill signs a contract pledging to buy the farmer’s milk at a guaranteed base price, plus quality premiums and incentives for higher protein, butter fat and other solids.
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[G] While Maple Hill's conversion program is unusually hands on and comprehensive, it’s just one of a growing number of businesses committed to slowly changing the way America farms. Joseph calls sharing his knowledge network through peer-to-peer learning a core piece of the company’s culture. Last summer, Massachusetts grass-fed beef advocate John Smith launched Big Picture Beef, a network of small grass-fed beef farms in New England and New York that is projected to bring to market 2,500 head of cattle from 125 producers this year. Early indications are that Smith will have no shortage of farm members. Since he began to informally announce the network at farming conferences and on social media, he’s received a steady stream of inquiries from interested farmers.
[H] Smith says he’ll provide services ranging from formal seminars to on-farm workshops on holistic (整体的) management, to one-on-one hand-holding and an
almost 24/7 phone hotline for farmers who are converting. In exchange, he guarantees an above-market price for each animal and a calf-to-customer electronic ear tag ID system like that used in the European Union.
[1] Though advocates portray grass fed products as a win-win situation for all, they do have downsides. Price, for one, is an issue. Joseph says his products are priced 10-20% above organic versions, but depending on the product chosen, compared to non-organic conventional yogurt, consumers could pay a premium of 30-50% or more for grass-fed. As for the meat, Smith says his grass-fed hamburger will be priced 20-25% over the conventional alternative. But a look at the prices on online grocer Fresh Direct suggests a grass-fed premium of anywhere from 35-60%，
[J] And not every farmer has the option of going grass-fed. For both beef and dairy production it requires, at least in the beginning, more pastureland. Grass-fed beef production tends to be more labor-intensive as well. But Smith counters that if you factor in the hidden cost of government corn subsidies, environment degradation, and decreased human heath and animal welfare, grass-fed is the more cost-effective model. “The sun provides the lowest cost of production and the cheapest meat,” he says.
[K] Another grass-fed booster spurring farmers to convert is EPIC, which makes
meat-based protein bars. Founders Taylor Collins and his wife, Katie Forrest, used to be endurance athletes; now they’re advocates of grass-fed meat. Soon after launching EPIC’S most successful product - the Bison Bacon Cranberry Bar - Collins and Forrest found they’d exhausted their sources for bison (北美野牛) raised exclusively on
pasture. When they started researching the supply chain, they learned that only 2-3% of all bison is actually grass-fed. The rest is feed-lot confined and fed grain and corn. [L] But after General Mills bought EPIC in 2016, Collins and Forrest suddenly had the resources they needed to expand their supply chain. So the company teamed up with
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Wisconsin-based rancher Northstar Bison. EPIC fronted the money for the purchase of $2.5 million worth of young bison that will be raised according to its grass-fed protocols, with a guaranteed purchase price. The message to young people who might not otherwise be able to afford to break into the business is,“You can purchase this $3 million piece of land here, because I’m guaranteeing you today you'll have 1,000 bison on it.’ We’re bringing new blood into the old, conventional farming ecosystem, which is really cool to see,” Collins explains.
36. Farmers going grass-fed are not affected by the ever-changing milk prices of the global market.
37. Over the years, Tim Joseph’s partners have helped many dairy farmers to switch to grass-fed.
38. One advocate believes that many other benefits should be taken into consideration when we assess the cost-effectiveness of grass-fed farming.
39. Many dairy farmers were persuaded to switch to grass-fed when they saw its advantage in terms of profits.
40. Tim Joseph’s grass-fed program is only one example of how American farming practice is changing.
41. Tim Joseph was fascinated by the notion that sunlight brings energy and wealth to mankind.
42. One problem with grass-fed products is that they are usually more expensive than conventional ones.
43. Grass fed products have proved to be healthier and more nutritious.
44. When Tim Joseph started his business, he found grass-fed products fell short of demand.
45. A snack bar producer discovered that the supply of purely grass-fed bison met was scarce. Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked
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A）, B）, C） and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Schools are not just a microcosm(缩影) of society: they mediate it too. The best seek to alleviate the external pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to
understand and handle the world outside-- at once sheltering them and broadening their horizons. This is ambitious in any circumstances. and in a divided and unequal society the two ideals can clash outright(直接地).
Trips that many adults would consider the adventure of a lifetime-treks in Borneo, a sports tour to Barbados-appear to have become almost routine at some state schools. Parents are being asked for thousands of pounds. Though schools cannot profit from these trips, the companies that arrange them do. Meanwhile, pupils arrive at school hungry because their families can’t afford breakfast. The Child Poverty Action Group says nine out of 30 in every classroom fall below the poverty line. The discrepancy is startlingly apparent. Introducing a fundraising requirement for students does not help, as better-off children can tap up richer aunts and neighbours.
Probing the rock pools of a local beach or practising French on a language exchange can fire children’s passions, boost their skills and open their eyes to life’s possibilities. Educational outings help bright but disadvantaged students to get better scores in A-level tests. In this globalised age, there is a good case for international travel. and some parents say they can manage the cost of a school trip abroad more easily than a family holiday. Even in the face of immense and mounting financial pressures. some schools have shown remarkable determination and ingenuity in ensuring that all their pupils are able to take up opportunities that may be truly life-changing. They should be applauded. Methods such as whole-school fundraising. with the proceeds(收益) pooled, can help to extend opportunities and fuel community spirit.
But ￡3,000 trips cannot be justified when the average income for families with children is just over ￡30,000. Such initiatives close doors for many pupils. Some parents pull their children out of school because of expensive field trips. Even parents who can see that a trip is little more than a party or celebration may well feel guilt that their child is left behind.
The Department for Education’s guidance says schools can charge only for board and lodging if the trip is part of the syllabus, and that students receiving government aid are exempt from these costs. However, many schools seem to ignore the advice; and it does not cover the kind of glamorous, exotic trips. which are becoming increasingly
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common. Schools cannot be expected to bring together communities single-handed. But the least we should expect is that they do not foster divisions and exclude those who are already disadvantaged.
46. What does the author say best schools should do?
A) Prepare students to both challenge and change the divided unequal society. B) Protect students from social pressures and enable them to face the world. C) Motivate students to develop their physical as well as intellectual abilities. D) Encourage students to be ambitious and help them to achieve their goals. 47. What does the author think about school field trips?
A) They enable students from different backgrounds to mix with each other. B)They widen the gap between privileged and disadvantaged students. C) They give the disadvantaged students a chance to see the world. D) They only benefit students with rich relatives and neighbours. 48. What does the author suggest can help build community spirit? A) Events aiming to improve community services. B) Activities that help to fuel students’ ingenuity. C) Events that require mutual understanding. D) Activities involving all students on campus.
49. What do we learn about low-income parents regarding school field trips? A) They want their children to participate even though they don’t see much benefit. B) They don’t want their kids to participate but find it hard to keep them from going.
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C) They don’t want their kids to miss any chance to broaden their horizons despite the cost.
D)They want their children to experience adventures but they don’t want them to run risks,
50. What is the author’s expectation of schools? A) Bringing a community together with ingenuity. B) Resolving the existing discrepancies in society. C) Avoiding creating new gaps among students. D) Giving poor students preferential treatment. Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Rising temperatures and overfishing in the pristine(未受污染的) waters around the Antarctic could see king penguin populations pushed to the brink of extinction by the end of the century, according to a new study. The study’s report states that as global warming transforms the environment in the world’s last great wilderness, 70 percent of king penguins could either disappear or be forced to find new breeding grounds. Co-author Céline Le Bohec, from the University of Strasbourg in France, warned:“If there’re no actions aimed at haling or controlling global warming, and the pace of the current human- induced changes such as climate change and overfishing stays the same, the species may son disappear.” The findings come amid growing concern over the future of the Antarctic. Earlier this month a separate study found that a combination of climate change and industrial fishing is threatening the krill (磷虾) population in Antarctic waters, with a potentially disastrous impact on whales, seals and penguins. But today’s report is the starkest warning yet of the potentially devastating impact of climate change and human exploitation on the Antarctic’s delicate ecosystems. Le Bohec said: “Unless current greenhouse gas emissions drop, 70 percent of king penguins - 1.1 million breeding pairs - will be forced to relocate their breeding grounds, or face extinction by 2100.” King penguins are the second-largest type of penguin and only breed on specific isolated islands in the Southern Ocean where there is no ice cover and easy access to the sea. As the ocean warms, a body of water called the Antarctic Polar Front - an upward movement of nutrient-rich sea that supports a huge
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abundance of marine life - is being pushed further south, This means that king
penguins, which feed on fish and krill in this body of water, have to travel further to their feeding grounds, leaving their hungry chicks for longer. And as the distance between their breeding grounds and their food grows, entire colonies could be wiped out. Le Bohec said:“The plight of the king penguin should serve as a warning about the future of the entire marine environment in the Antarctic. Penguins, like other seabirds and marine mammals, occupy higher levels in the food chain and they are what we call bio-indicators of their ecosystems.\" Penguins are sensitive indicators of changes in marine ecosystems. As such, they are key species for understanding and predicting impacts of global change on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic marine ecosystems. The report found that although some king penguins may be able to relocate to new
breeding grounds closer to their retreating food source, suitable new habitats would be scarce. Only a handful of islands in the Southern Ocean are suitable for sustaining large breeding colonies.
51. What will happen by 2100, according to a new study? A)King penguins in the Antarctic will be on the verge of dying out. B)Sea water will rise to a much higher level around the Antarctic. C) The melting ice cover will destroy the great Antarctic wilderness. D) The pristine waters around the Antarctic will disappear forever. 52. What do we learn from the findings of a separate study?
A)Shrinking krill population and rising temperatures could force Antarctic whales to migrate.
B)Human activities have accelerated climate change in the Antarctic region in recent years.
C)Industrial fishing and climate change could be fatal to certain Antarctic species. D)Krill fishing in the Antarctic has worsened the pollution of the pristine waters. 53. What does the passage say about king penguins?
A) They will turn out to be the second-largest species of birds to become extinct.
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B) Many of them will have to migrate to isolated islands in the Southern Ocean. C) They feed primarily on only a few kinds of krill in the Antarctic Polar Front. D) The majority of them may have to find new breeding grounds in the future. 54. What happens when sea levels rise in the Antarctic? A) Many baby king penguins can’t have food in time. B) Many king penguins could no longer live on krill. C) Whales will invade king penguins’ breeding grounds. D) Whales will have to travel long distances to find food. 55. What do we learn about the Southern Ocean?
A)The king penguins there are reluctant to leave for new breeding grounds. B)Its conservation is key to the sustainable propagation of Antarctic species. C)It is most likely to become the ultimate retreat for species like the king penguin. D)Only a few of its islands can serve as huge breeding grounds for king penguins.
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
荷花是中国的名花之一，深受人们喜爱。中国许多地方的湖泊和池塘都适宜荷花生长。荷花色彩鲜艳，夏日清晨绽放，夜晚闭合，花期长达两三个月，吸引来自各地的游客前往观赏。荷花具有多种功能，既能绿化水面，又能美化庭园，还可净化水质、减少污染、改善环境。荷花迎骄阳而不惧，出污泥而不染，象征纯洁、高雅，常来比喻人的高尚品德，历来是诗人画家创作的重要题材。荷花盛开的地方也是许多摄影爱好者经常光顾之地。
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Part I Writing (30 minutes)
2019年6月六级
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of team spirit and communication in the workplace. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Part Ⅰ Writing
The Importance of Team Spirit and Communication in the Workplace
As the saying goes, when teamwork kicks in, nobody can beat you. It highlights the critical role that team spirit plays in completing a task. In my view, team spirit and communication are especially important in the workplace. First of all, with the increasingly fierce competition between enterprises, in order to achieve the desired results, cooperation and communication among colleagues are particularly important because they can maximize work efficiency. Secondly, promoting team spirit and communication at work can ensure that everyone understand where the company is going and get them all actively involved in the development of the company. Thirdly, cooperation and communication at work can enhance the interaction between coworkers and form good interpersonal relationships, which is essential to build a friendly, cooperative, and harmonious working atmosphere in the enterprise culture.
To conclude, we cannot deny that it is almost always the joint efforts of a whole team that decide the success or failure of a project. Therefore, for everyone in the workplace, we should learn to cooperate and communicate effectively with team members, so as to achieve a win-win situation.
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) A six-month-long negotiation. B) Preparations for the party.
C) A project with a troublesome（麻烦的、讨厌的） client（客户、顾客、委托人）. D) Gift wrapping for the colleagues. 2. A) Take wedding photos. B) Advertise her company. C) Start a small business.
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D) Throw a celebration party. 3. A) Hesitant. B) Nervous.
C) Flattered（受宠若惊、阿谀奉承、感到荣幸的）. D) Surprised.
4. A) Start her own bakery面包店. B) Improve her baking烘焙 skill. C) Share her cooking experience. D) Prepare for the wedding.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. A) They have to spend more time studying. B) They have to participate in club activities.
C) They have to be more responsible for what they do. D) They have to choose a specific academic discipline. 6. A) Get ready for a career. B) Make a lot of friends. C) Set a long-term goal. D) Behave like adults
7. A) Those who share her academic interests.
B) Those who respect her student commitments（承诺、保证、委托、献身）. C) Those who can help her when she is in need. D) Those who go to the same clubs as she does. 8. A) Those helpful for tapping their potential. B) Those conducive to improving their social skills. C) Those helpful for cultivating individual interests.
D) Those conducive to（有益于、助于） their academic studies. Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) They break away（突然离开、逃跑、脱离） from traditional ways of thinking. B) They are prepared to work harder than anyone else. C) They are good at refining old formulas. D) They bring their potential into full play.
10. A) They contributed to the popularity of skiing worldwide.
B) They resulted in a brand-new（崭新的、绝对新的） style of skiing滑雪 technique. C) They promoted the scientific use of skiing poles. D) They made explosive news in the sports world.
11. A) He was recognized as a genius in the world of sports. B) He competed in all major skiing events in the world.
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C) He won three gold medals金牌 in one Winter Olympics. D) He broke three world skiing records in three years.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 12. A) They appear restless. B) They lose consciousness. C) They become upset.
D) They die almost instantly即刻、立刻.
13. A) It has an instant一瞬间 effect on your body chemistry. B) It keeps returning to you every now and then. C) It leaves you with a long lasting impression. D) It contributes to the shaping of your mind. 14. A) To succeed while feeling irritated. B) To feel happy without good health. C) To be free from frustration and failure.
D) To enjoy good health while in dark moods情绪、心情 15. A) They are closely connected. B) They function in a similar way. C) They are too complex to understand. D) They reinforce each other constantly. Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16. A) They differ in their appreciation of music. B) They focus their attention on different things. C) They finger the piano keys in different ways. D) They choose different pieces of music to play.
17. A) They manage to cooperate well with their teammates. B) They use effective tactics to defeat their competitors. C) They try hard to meet the spectators’ expectations.
D) They attach附加、系、附上 great importance to high performance高性能、高效能. 18. A) It marks a breakthrough in behavioral science. B) It adopts a conventional approach to research.
C) It supports a piece of conventional传统的、常规的 wisdom智慧、才智. D) It gives rise to controversy among experts.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard. 19. A) People’s envy of slim models. B) People’s craze for good health.
C) The increasing range of fancy products.
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D) The great variety of slimming减肥 products. 20. A) They appear vigorous. B) They appear strange. C) They look charming. D) They look unhealthy.
21. A) Culture and upbringing教养、养育、抚育. B) Wealth and social status. C) Peer pressure. D) Media influence.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. 22. A) The relation between hair and skin. B) The growing interest in skin studies. C) The color of human skin. D) The need of skin protection. 23. A) The necessity to save energy.
B) Adaptation改编、适应 to the hot environment. C) The need to breathe with ease. D) Dramatic climate changes on earth. 24. A) Leaves and grass. B) Man-made shelter. C) Their skin coloring. D) Hair on their skin.
25. A) Their genetic遗传、基因 makeup组成、补充、化妆品 began to change. B) Their communities began to grow steadily. C) Their children began to mix with each other. D) Their pace of evolution began to quicken. Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Pasta意大利面食、面团 is no longer off the menu, after a new review of studies suggested that the carbohydrate can form part of组成、形成 a healthy diet, and even help people lose weight. For years, nutritionists have recommended that pasta be kept to a_I_ 26_minimum_, to cut calories, prevent fat build-up and stop blood sugar_L_ 27_ shooting_ up.
The low-carbohydrate低碳水化合物 food movement gave birth to such diets as the Atkins, Paleo and Keto, which advised swapping交换、代替 foods like bread, pasta and potatoes for vegetable, fish and meat. More recently the trend of swapping spaghetti for vegetables has been_B_ 28_championed冠军、拥护者 _ by clean-eating experts.
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But now a_N_ 29_systematic有系统的 _ review回顾、评论 and analysis of 30 studies by Canadian researchers found that not only does pasta not cause weight gain, but three meals a week can help people drop more than half a kilogram over four months. The reviewers found that pasta had been unfairly demonized (妖魔化) because it had been_G_ 30_ lumped集中地_ in with other, more fat-promoting carbohydrates.
\"The study found that pasta didn't_E_ 31_contribute_ to weight gain or increase in body fat,\" said lead author Dr John Sievenpiper. \"In_O_ 32_weighing_ the evidence, we can now say with some confidence that pasta does not have an__A 33_adverse（不利的、敌对的、逆的）_ effect on body weight outcomes when it is consumed as part of a healthy dietary pattern.\" In fact, analysis actually showed a small weight loss. So_D_ 34_contract _ to concerns, perhaps pasta can be part of a healthy diet.
Those involved in the_C_ 35_clinical(l临床的、冷静客观的 _ trials（尝试、努力） on average ate 3.3 servings of pasta a week instead of other carbohydrates, one serving equaling around half a cup. They lost around half a kilogram over an average follow-up of 12 weeks.
A) adverse B) championed C) clinical D) contract E) contribute F) intimate G) lumped H) magnified I) minimum J) radiating K) ration L) shooting M) subscribe N) systematic O) weighing Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. The best Retailers Combine Bricks and Clicks
A) Retail profits are falling sharply. Stores are closing. Malls are emptying. The depressing stories just keep coming. Reading the earnings announcements of large retail stores like Macy's, Nordstorm, and Target is about as uplifting as a tour of an intensive care unit. The internet is apparently taking down yet another industry. Brick and mortar stores (实体店) seem to be going the way of the yellow pages. Sure enough, the Census Bureau just released data showing that online retail sales surged 15.2 percent between the first quarter of 2015 and the first quarter of 2016. B) But before you dump all of your retail stocks, there are more facts you should consider. Looking only at that 15.2 percent \"surge\" would be misleading. It was an increase that was on a small base of 6.9 percent. Even when a tiny number grows by a large percentage terms, it is often still tiny.
C) More than 20 years after the internet was opened to commerce, the Census Bureau tells us that brick and mortar sales accounted for 92.3 percent of retail sales in the first quarter of 2016. Their data show that only 0.8 percent of retail sales shifted from offline to online between the beginning of 2015 and 2016.
D) So, despite all the talk about drone (无人机) deliveries to your doorstep, all the retail executives expressing anxiety over consumers going online, and even a Presidential candidate exclaiming that Amazon has a \"huge antitrust problem,\" the Census data suggest that physical retail is thriving. Of course, the closed stores, depressed executives, and sinking stocks suggest otherwise. What's the real story?
E) Many firms operating brick and mortar stores are in trouble. The retail industry is getting \"reinvented,\" as we describe in our new book Matchmarkers. It's standing in the path of what Schumpeter called a gale (大风) of creative destruction. That storm has been brewing for some time, and as it has reached gale force, most large retailers are searching for a response. As the CFO of Macy's put it recently, \"We're frankly scratching our heads.\"
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F) But it's not happening as experts predicted. In the peak of the dot. com bubble, brick and mortar retail was one of these industries the internet was going to kill—and quickly. The dot. com bust discredited most predictions of that sort and in the years that followed, conventional retailers' confidence in the future increased as Census continued do report weak online sales. And then the gale hit.
G) It is becoming increasingly clear that retail reinvention isn't a simple battle to the death between bricks and clicks. It is about devising retail models that work for people who are making increasing use of a growing array of internet-connected tools to change how they search, shop, and buy. Creative retailers are using the new technologies to innovate just about everything stores do from managing inventory, to marketing, to getting paid. H) More than drones dropping a new supply of underwear on your doorstep, Apple's massively successful brick-and-mortar-and-glass retail stores and Amazon's small steps in the same direction are what should keep old-fashioned retailers awake at night. Not to mention the large number of creative new retailers, like Bonobos, that are blending online and offline experiences in creative ways.
I) Retail reinvention is not a simple process, and it's also not happening on what used to be called \"Internet Time.\" Some internet-driven changes have happened quickly, of course. Craigslist quickly overtook newspaper classified ads and turned newspaper economics upside down. But many widely anticipated changes weren't quick, and some haven't really started. With the benefit of hindsight (后见之明), it looks like the internet will transform the economy at something like the pace of other great inventions like electricity. B2B commerce, for example, didn't move mainly online by 2005 as many had predicted in 2000, nor even by 2016, but that doesn't mean it won't do so over the next few decades.
J) But the gale is still blowing. The sudden decline in foot traffic in recent years, even though it hasn't been accompanied by a massive decline in physical sales, is a critical warning. People can shop more efficiently online and therefore don't need to go to as many stores to find what they want. There's a surplus of physical shopping space for the crowds, which is one reason why stores are downsizing and closing.
K) The rise of the mobile phone has recently added a new level of complexity to the process of retail reinvention. Even five years ago most people faced a choice. Sit at your computer, probably at home or at the office, search and browse, and buy. Or head out to the mall, or Main Street, look and shop, and buy. Now, just about everyone has a smartphone, connected to the internet almost everywhere almost all the time. Even when a retailer gets a customer to walk in the store, she can easily see if there's a better deal online or at another store nearby. L) So far, the main thing many large retailers have done in response to all this is to open online stores, so people will come to them directly rather than to Amazon and its smaller online rivals. Many are having the same problem that newspapers have had. Even if they get online traffic, they struggle to make enough money online to compensate for what they are losing offline.
M) A few seem to be making this work. Among large traditional retailers, Walmart recently reported the best results, leading its stock price to surge, while Macy's, Target, and Nordstorm's dropped. Yet Walmart's
year-over-year online sales only grew 7 percent, leading its CEO to lament (哀叹), \"Growth here is to slow.\" Part of the problem is that almost two decades after Amazon field the one-click patent, the online retail shopping and buying experience is filled with frictions. A recent study graded more than 600 internet retailers on how easy it was for consumers to shop, buy, and pay. Almost half of the sites didn't get a passing grade and only 18 percent got an A or B.
N) The turmoil on the ground in physical retail is hard to square with the Census data. Unfortunately, part of the explanation is that the Census retail data are unreliable. Our deep look into those data and their preparation
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revealed serious problems. It seems likely that Census simply misclassifies a large chunk of online sales. It is certain that the Census procedures, which lump the online sales of major traditional retailers like Walmart with \"non-store retailers\" like food trucks, can mask major changes in individual retail categories. The bureau could easily present their data in more useful ways, but they have chosen not to.
O) Despite the turmoil, brick and mortar won't disappear any time soon. The big questions are which, if any, of the large traditional retailers will still be on the scene in a decade or two because they have successfully reinvented themselves, which new players will operate busy stores on Main Streets and maybe even in shopping malls, and how the shopping and buying experience will have changed in each retail category. Investors shouldn't write off brick and mortar. Whether they should bet on the traditional players who run those stores now is another matter. 36. Although online retailing has existed for some twenty years, nearly half of the internet retailers still fail to receive satisfactory feedback from consumers, according to a recent survey.M
37. Innovative retailers integrate internet technologies with conventional retailing to create new retail models.G 38. Despite what the Census data suggest, the value of physical retail's stocks has been dropping.D 39. Internet-driven changes in the retail industry didn't take place as quickly as widely anticipated.I 40. Statistics indicate that brick and mortar sales still made up the lion's share of the retail business.C
41. Companies that successfully combine online and offline business models may prove to be a big concern for traditional retailers.H
42. Brick and mortar retailers' faith in their business was strengthened when the dot. com bubble burst.F 43. Despite the tremendous challenges from online retailing, traditional retailing will be here to stay for quite some time.O
44. With the rise of online commerce, physical retail stores are like to suffer the same fate as the yellow pages.A 45. The wide use of smartphone has made it more complex for traditional retailers to reinvent their business.K Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Professor Stephen Hawking has warned that the creation of powerful artificial intelligence (AI) will be \"either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanityo researching the future of intelligence as \"crucial to the future of our civilisation and our species\".
Hawking was speaking at the opening of the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Inteelgence (LCFI) at Cambridge University, a multi-disciplinary institute that will attempt to tackle some of the open-ended questions raised by the rapid pace of development in AI research. \"We spend a great deal of time studying history,\" Hawking said, \"which, let's face it, is mostly the history of stupidity. So it's a welcome change that people are studying instead the future of intelligence.\"
While the world-renowned physicist has often been cautious about AI, rising concerns that humanity could be the architect of its own destruction if it creates a super-intelligence with a will of its own, he was also quick to highlight the positives that AI research can bring. \"The potential benefits of creating intelligence are huge,\" he said. \"We cannot predict what we might achieve when our own minds are amplified by AI. Perhaps with the tools of this new technological revolution, we will be able to undo some of the damage done to the natural world by the last
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one—industrialisation. And surely we will aim to finally eradicate disease and poverty. And every aspect of our lives will be transformed. In short, success in creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilisation.\" Huw Price, the centre's academic director and the Bertrand Russell professor of philosophy at Cambridge University, where Hawking is also an academic, said that the centre came about partially as a result of the university's Centre for Existential Risk. That institute examined a wider range of potential problems for humanity, while the LCFI has a narrow focus.
AI pioneer Margaret Boden, professor of cognitive science at the University of Sussex, praised the progress of such discussions. As recently as 2009, she said, the topic wasn't taken seriously, even among AI researchers. \"AI is hugely exciting,\" she said, \"but it has limitations, which present grave dangers given uncritical use.\"
The academic community is not alone in warning about the potential dangers of AI as well as the potential benefits. A number of pioneers from the technology industry, most famously the entrepreneur Elon Musk, have also expressed their concerns about the damage that a super-intelligent AI could do to humanity. 46. What did Stephen Hawking think of artificial intelligence? A) It would be vital to the progress of human civilisation. B) It might be a blessing or a disaster in the making. C) It might present challenges as well as opportunities. D) It would be a significant expansion of human intelligence. 47. What did Hawking say about the creation of the LCFI? A) It would accelerate the progress of AI research. B) It would mark a step forward in the AI industry.
C) It was extremely important to the destiny命运 of humankind. D) It was an achievement of multi-disciplinary collaboration. 48. What did Hawking say was a welcome change in AI research? A) The shift of research focus from the past to the future. B) The shift of research from theory to implementation. C) The greater emphasis on the negative impact of AI. D) The increasing awareness of mankind's past stupidity. 49. What concerns did Hawking raise about AI? A) It may exceed human intelligence sooner or later. B) It may ultimately over-amplify the human mind. C) Super-intelligence may cause its own destruction. D) Super-intelligence may eventually ruin mankind.
50. What do we learn about some entrepreneurs企业家 from the technology industry? A) They are much influenced by the academic community. B) They are most likely to benefit from AI development. C) They share the same concerns about AI as academics. D) They believe they can keep AI under human control. Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
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The market for products designed specifically for older adults could reach $30 billion by next year, and startups (初创公司) want in on the action. What they sometimes lack is feedback from the people who they hope will use their products. So Brookdale, the country's largest owner of retirement communities, has been inviting a few select entrepreneurs just to move in for a few days, show off their products and hear what the residents have to say. That's what brought Dayle Rodriguez, 28, all the way from England to the dining room of Brookdale South Bay in Torrance, California. Rodriguez is the community and marketing manager for a company called Sentab. The startup's product, SentabTV, enables older adults who may not be comfortable with computers to access email, video chat and social media using just their televisions and a remote control.
\"It's nothing new, it's nothing too complicated and it's natural because lots of people have TV remotes,\" says Rodriguez.
But none of that is the topic of conversation in the Brookdale dining room. Instead, Rodriguez solicits residents' advice on what he should get on his cheeseburger and how he should spend the afternoon. Playing cards was on the agenda, as well as learning to play mahjong (麻将).
Rodriguez says it's important that residents here don't feel like he's selling them something. \"I've had more feedback in a passive approach,\" he says. \"Playing pool, playing cards, having dinner, having lunch,\" all work better \"than going through a survey of question. When they get to know me and to trust me, knowing for sure I'm not selling them something—there'll be more honest feedback from them.\"
Rodriguez is just the seventh entrepreneur to move into one of Brookdale's 1, 100 senior living communities. Other new products in the program have included a kind of full-blow dryer and specially designed clothing that allows people with disabilities to dress and undress themselves.
Mary Lou Busch, 93, agree to try the Sentab system. She tells Rodriguez that it might be good for someone, but not for her.
\"I have the computer and FaceTime, which I talk with my family on,\" she explains. She also has an iPad and a smartphone. \"So I do pretty much everything I need to do.\"
To be fair, if Rodriguez had wanted feedback from some more technophobic (害怕技术的) seniors, he might have ended up in the wrong Brookdale community. This one is located in the heart of Southern California's aerospace corridor. Many residents have backgrounds in engineering, business and academic circles.
But Rodriguez says he's still learning something important by moving into this Brookdale community: \"People are more tech-proficient than we thought.\"
And besides, where else would he learn to play mahjong? 51. What does the passage say about the startups创业? A) They never lose time in upgrading products for seniors. B) They want to have a share of the seniors' goods market. C) They invite seniors to their companies to try their products. D) They try to profit from promoting digital products to seniors. 52. Some entrepreneurs have been invited to Brookdale to ______. A) have an interview with potential customers B) conduct a survey of retirement communities C) collect residents' feedback on their products D) show senior residents how to use IT products
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53. What do we know about SentabTV?
A) It is a TV program catering to the interest of the elderly. B) It is a digital TV which enjoys popularity among seniors. C) It is a TV specially designed for seniors to view programs. D) It is a communication system via TV instead of a computer. 54. What does Rodriguez say is important in promoting products? A) Winning trust from prospective customers. B) Knowing the likes and dislikes of customers. C) Demonstrating their superiority on the spot. D) Responding promptly to customer feedback.
55. What do we learn about the seniors in the Brookdale community? A) Most of them are interested in using the Sentab. B) They are quite at ease with high-tech products. C) They have much in common with seniors elsewhere. D) Most of them enjoy a longer life than average people. Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中国幅员辽阔，人口众多，很多地方人们都说自己的方言。方言在发音上差别最大，词汇和语法差别较小。有些方言，特别是北方和南方的方言，差异很大，以至于说不同方言的人常常很难听懂彼此的讲话。方言被认为是当地文化的一个组成部分，但近年来能说方言的人数不断减少。为了鼓励人们更多说本地方言，一些地方政府已经采取措施，如在学校开设方言课，在广播和电视上播放方言节目，以期保存本地的文化遗产。
As a country boasting a vast territory and encompassing a large population, people in many places of China speak their own dialects. Dialects vary greatly in pronunciation but slightly in vocabulary and grammar. Some dialects, especially those from the north and the south, are so different that their speakers often have trouble understanding each other. Although dialects are considered as an integral part of the local culture, the number of people who can speak them has been undergoing a continuous decline in recent years. In order to encourage people to speak local dialects more often, some local governments have taken measures such as setting up dialect courses and broadcasting dialect programs on radio and TV, with a hope to preserve the local cultural heritage.
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