新标准大学英语综合教程2答案 unit1-unit10
Unit 1
Acting Reading (1) 3 1. issue 2. opportunity 3. establishment 4. campus 5. protest 6. launch 7. prospects 8. employment 4 1. issue 2. campus 3. protests 4. establishment 5. prospects 6. employment 7. launch 8. opportunity 5 1. clashes 2. The two parties formed an alliance to respond to the problem. 3. I’ve always considered myself as a liberal. 4. governor 5. economy 6. The 1960s were characterized by a new type of popular music. 7. dropped out 8. For many people, listening to their music was a liberating experience. 9. passion 6 b, a, b, b, b, a, a, b 7 d, b Acting Reading (2) 3 1. rebel 2. era 3. destruction 4. gender 5. assert 6. philosophy 7. industrial 4 1. rebel 2. assert 3. era 4. Industrial 5. philosophy 6. gender 7. destruction 5 a, a, a, a, b, a, b, b 6 1. critical 2. critical 3. critical 4. approving or critical 5. critical or approving 6. approving 7 b, b Language in use 1 1. govern 2. Postmodernism 3. development 4. individualism 5. agreement 6. investment 7. Sexism 8. romanticism 2 1. The world has changed a lot since the 1960s, and so have universities. 2. I really enjoyed my years at university, and so did Jackie. 3. Choosing the right course is always a major problem for new students, and so is organizing one’s time on campus. 4. I’m thinking of going to the lecture on post-colonial literature, and so is Li Ming. 5. I think the facilities in our college have improved over the last few years, and so has the teaching. 6. We can access the Internet in our student hostel, and so can everyone else on campus. 7. I’m not very interested in politics, nor are my friends. 8. I won’t be doing much tonight, nor will my roommate. 3 1. Starting out at college means meeting
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lots of interesting people. 2. Going to bed too late means not being able to concentrate the next day. 3. Doing a course in Lit Theory means spending a lot of time on difficult subjects. 4. 5. 6. 4 1. Being interested in literature means having an open mind about other ways of life. Protesting against the Vietnam War in the 1960s meant going out onto the streets. Going to college today means spending a lot of time thinking about what you will do afterwards. 在欧洲的大学校园里，大学生以新的姿态和激情投入到争取自由和正义的事 业中去，大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升 级的暴力冲突。 现在，政治、社会和创造意识的觉醒似乎不是凭借大学的助力，而是冲破其 阻力才发生的。当然，一点不假，高等教育仍然重要。例如，在英国，布莱 尔首相几乎实现了到 2010 年让 50％的 30 岁以下的人上大学的目标（即使 愤世嫉俗的人会说，这是要把他们排除在失业统计数据之外） 。 我从没指望通过上文学理论课来了解我这一代人的特征，或了解美国大学在 如何变化。这门课是让你在课堂上扮酷的——带着一丝熬夜太多的困劲儿， 穿着一件 T 恤衫，上面印着“去过那儿，干过那事儿，对，这就是那件 T 恤 衫” ，或诸如此类带有揶揄意味的俏皮话。 我们这一代人来自所谓的短世纪（1914－1989） ，生于其后期。这个世纪充 满了战争和革命，它改变了人类文明，推翻了强权政府，给我们留下了非同 寻常的机会和特权。我们所得到的机会与特权比从前任何一代人都要多。 Instead of resolving contradictions, the series of measures taken by the government gave rise to more violent clashes. The Opposition formed an alliance with the trade unions and launched a general strike, which ultimately brought about the downfall of the government. Nowadays, the gap between the university and the real world is shrinking and students are becoming more and more practical. Gone are the days when the university was an ivory tower in which scholars pursued knowledge as an end rather than a means to an end. I never hoped to learn the subject well by attending those lectures. But I did go to lectures, for it was the place where I could get the important points of
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the course and learn how to organize materials and how to reason. Although I have been trying every means to solve the problem, I cannot work out a satisfactory solution. But when I went to the kitchen to get a drink, something clicked and made me realize that the solution might be quite simple. 2. 3. 4. 5 1. 2. 3. 4. Reading across cultures 1 1. Bologna University is about 900 years old. 2. Students paid the lecturers for their work. 3. Five students were the minimum number needed to attend a lecture. 4. The lecturer was declared absent and given a fixed fine. 5. There were a number of other reasons for a lecturer to be punished. These included: if lecturers failed to meet the standards set out in the university 6. 7. 8. statutes; if they started lectures a minute late or if they went on beyond the approved time; if they failed to cover the syllabus according to an agreed timetable; and if they passed over a difficult subject or failed to emphasize each part of a difficult syllabus. Four students were elected as spies. They were obliged to report irregularities such as bad lecturing technique, failure to cover the syllabus, or absence without leave. Students lost their power over lecturers by 1350 because the payment system was changed. Lecturers were appointed and paid by the local town council.
Unit 2
Acting Reading (1) 4 9. stroke 10. crawl 11. imitate 12. pat (a) patted (b) imitating (c) crawl (d) stroking 5 10. distinct 11. Infants 12. sympathetic 13. stem from 14. trace; discipline 15. A lot of my childhood memories have faded now, but I have an overall impression that I often felt a vague sense of distress. 6 a, a, a, a, b, b, a, a, b Acting Reading (2) 4 8. honorable 9. drama 10. beam 11. catalog 12.
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volume 13. knot 14. couch 15. clip 16. mostly 5 1. honorable 2. beam 3. mostly 4. catalog 5. clip 6. knot 7. couch 8. volume 9. drama 6 b, a, a, a, b, a, a, b, b Language in use 1 9. immigrants 10. contestants 11. vacancies 12. consultancy 13. defendant 14. hesitancy 15. attendant 16. pregnancy 17. assistant 2 9. You misunderstand it. 10. You have misplaced it. 11. It is misfortune. 12. You have made a misjudgment. 13. You have been misinformed about it. 3 7. By the time I arrived at the party, almost everyone had already left. 8. By the time children are two, they have known about 100 words. 9. By the time he realized what was happening, it had been too late to ask for help. 10. By the time I finally got my degree, most of my friends already had jobs. 11. By the time they leave primary school, children have learnt a lot of useful skills. 12. By the time Courtney finished writing the essay, the deadline had already passed. 4 5. The old man shouted at me, as if / as though it were me who had made the mistake. 6. The girl started crying, as if / as though it were she who had fallen over. 7. Lucy stood at the door welcoming everyone, as if /as though it were her party. 8. Sylvia closed the door of David’s room, as if / as though it were him that was making the noise. 5 1. 这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是“同感”的原始技术含义，而“同感”这个词 于 20 世纪 20 年代由美国心理学家 E.B.铁钦纳首次使用。铁钦纳的理论是： 2. 3. 4. 同感发自对他人痛苦的一种身体模仿，这种模仿继而在自身引起同样的心理 感受。 他当时在寻找一个与同情有所区别的词；同情是针对他人的一般困境而发 的，无须分担他人的任何感受。小孩两岁半左右就渐渐不再有运动神经模仿 行为，那时他们会意识到别人的痛苦与自己的不同，会更有能力安慰别人。 我也喜欢生人脸上那瞬间的震惊表情、匆忙的微笑和他们竭力装出的“正常 脸色” 。如果他们这套仪式做得够好，我就会微微转过头，把头发掖到离他 们较近的那只耳朵后面。 我告诉他说： “我基本上只读唇语，因为这比用手语更容易，但这不是我一 直盯着你的嘴唇的唯一原因。 ”他大笑起来。我们又说了一会儿话。后来， 主人放大音乐的音量，调
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暗“舞池”的灯光；我不得不凑近他，近得多得多， 以便能在昏暗中接着读他的唇语。我的确读到了他的唇语。 The moment I saw those old photos in the drawer, tears welled up in my eyes, for my memory went back to the days when I lived happily with my grandparents, my parents and my brothers and sisters. When a student slipped on a pool of water and fell over, people’s reaction diverged from one another. Some approached caringly to see if he was hurt and if they could help; some just stood there confusing over what to do about it; while others just tuned out. Last Saturday morning, I did the usual and went shopping in the supermarket. When I was about to open the door of my car, I found that I did not have my wallet on me. I could do nothing but go back home in search of it, but I failed to find it anywhere. When I was a second grader, one of my classmates got a red radio-controlled toy car as a birthday gift. The rest of us could only admire, but could not imitate, because the car was expensive and was bought in Hong Kong, a place which seemed to us as far away as New York at that time. 6 1. 2. 3. 4.
Unit 3
Acting Reading (1) 4 1. fraud 2. precaution 3. deception 4. trash 5. household 6. overnight 5 16. obviously 17. online 18. log off 19. commonplace 20. forge 6 b, b, a, a, a, a, b, b, a Acting Reading (2) 4 17. instance 18. widely 19. commerce 20. offensive 21. weapon 22. current 23. extract 5 a, b, b, a, a, a, a, a Language in use 1b 2 b, a, b, b, b, a 3 1. I make a lot of mistakes 2. I waste a lot of time chatting to people about nothing 3. I always start it too late 4. I spend too much time on the phone instead of talking to them 5. I am useless in class the next day 6. I spend far too much money 4 b, b, a, b, a, b, b, a, b, b 5 1. 这是 2002 年的电影《有种来抓我》
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的剧情简介。影片讲述了小弗兰克·阿巴 格纳尔（莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥饰演）的故事。影片主人公是一位聪明绝顶 的年轻骗术大师，曾在不同时间扮演医生、律师和飞行员的角色，在 26 个国 家伪造了价值 600 万美元以上的支票。他成了联邦调查局有史以来伪造罪头 号通缉令名单上最年轻的通缉犯。 2. 2003 年以来，身份盗窃案变得越来越常见。很少有人会想象到，为了预防这 种改变人生的犯罪，采取一些预防措施有多么重要，比如把邮件拿到邮局去 寄而不是丢在信箱里等人来取、把文件切碎而不是直接把它们连同垃圾一道 扔出去，甚至使用几美元一支的（特效）笔等等。 3. 假如说我们从恐怖分子那里——更不用说从动作电影那里——学到了一招， 那就是，工具也是武器。全球通用的信用卡和支持它们的数据库是去除商业 摩擦的工具。换句话说，它们是以让各方最省事的方式从人们那里取钱的工 具。 4. 无论通用身份的前景如何，我们尚不知道该如何应付这样一个世界：无论我 身在何处，一切都可能与我有关联。一方面，这个世界给我们提供了无可置 疑的种种方便；另一方面，我们又面对着所有这些强化组合的信息（如果是 合理的强化组合该多好啊）所带来的种种危险。这种危险虽然模糊，但显然 离我们很近。我们尚不知如何在两者之间保持平衡。 6 5. These are important documents, the content of which should be kept strictly confidential. If you need to dispose of them, you must shred them or tear them up instead of throwing them out with the trash. Nowadays, white-collar crimes such as forging checks, ID cards and credit cards have become very common. Though we have learnt much about how to prevent ourselves from being cheated, it seems that we could be its victims at any time. It has been several months since the earthquake. Life has returned to normal, and people are busy going about their business. But there is no escaping the fact that the mental trauma the earthquake brought to people will never be wiped out. Why does it matter that a library has many new books and electronic resources readily available to the readers? This is because if so, the scholars know the latest development in their own fields and know whether their research is valuable. 6. 7.
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8.
Unit 4
Acting Reading (1) 4 1. No, it is made more exciting in some way. 2. A very long time, centuries. 3. They should follow the guidelines. 4. They should check the source. 5. They live in poverty. 6. It is image. 7. It is element. 5 1. Chase 2. Trainee 3. Erode 4. Odd 5. Horror 6. Startle 7. Echo 8. Reaction 9. Frame 6 1. reactions; horror 2. chase 3. echoes 4. startled 5. trainees 6. eroded 7. oddest 8. frame 7 a, b, a, b, b, a Acting Reading (2) 2 1. More and more readers are turning to the Internet for news. 2. 20 or more years ago. 3. 19 per cent. 4. 700. 5. By closing down its foreign news bureaux. 6. The pages have become smaller. 7. Four billion. 8. Sunday. 9. Lifestyle journalism. 3 1. assignment 2. editorial 3. revenue 4. close down 5. survey 6. rely on 7. feedback 8. bureau 4 assignment; bureau; rely on; feedback; surveys; editorial; revenue 5 1. capture 2. established; Nevertheless 3. estates 4. integrity 5. compact; Moreover 6. journalism 6 b; a; a; b; b; a; a; a; b 7 a; a; b; b; a; b Language in use 1 1. downtown 2. download 3. downgrade 4. downstairs 5. downmarket 6. downturn 2 1. go down 2. turned me down 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. run down stand down go down handed down brought down broke down The late-night edition of the paper was bought by a lot of people interested in the result of the match. The princess was followed across the town by photographers determined to get a photo of her. The programme was watched by millions of people hoping to win the star prize. The alarm was set off by two children startled to hear a noise in the back room. The police were contacted by one of the boys’ mothers worried that he might have got lost. The front-page headlines were
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changed by the editor hoping to be the first to break the news. Online editions of the newspapers are being read by more and more people not wanting to buy the traditional edition. 4 1. So odd was the newsreader’s accent that I couldn’t understand what she was saying. 2. So incredibly bad was the language on that programme that I switched off the TV. 3. So exaggerated was the story that it had to be completely rewritten. 4. So careless was one of the trainees that he left his notebook at the scene of the crime 5. So great was the distance from one region to the next that we had to ravel by plane. 6. So slow were Frank’s reactions that he wasn’t able to avoid hitting the car in front. 5 1. 一个事件光有客观重要性显然还不够——世界上有大量全球性的大问 题，都会造成戏剧性的后果，从贫穷问题到全球变暖问题——但由于它 们都是进行中的，并不都会在同一天成为头条。对比之下，9/11 不仅具 有国际性，而且奇特怪异、出人意料，还（可能使读者对身陷那场悲剧 中的人们的痛苦感同身受，从这个意义上讲）极具人性。 2. 但是，电视新闻未必比报纸报道更客观或更可靠，因为你在屏幕上看到 的图像是经过记者或编辑根据特殊的目的， 或至少是按照指示筛选过的； 它们是从一个独特的视点展现给观众的。如果把摄像机移到别的地方， 你就会看到另一番景象。 3. 互联网为任何有意见的人提供了一个便利的窗口；报纸编辑最喜欢的莫 过于给它们提供各种不同的反馈和意见，他们能从中得到安慰。如今十 几岁的少年已不记得曾经没有互联网的日子了；只有在写关于印刷新闻 4. 这一特定媒体的作业时他们才去读报。 如此看来，报纸是不会轻易消失的。未来报纸发展的趋势包括对本地新 闻需求的日益增长，而始于 20 世纪 80 年代后期的对生活方式新闻的持 续开发利用——尤其在个人理财和旅游方面——将会创造新的收入来 源。 So sudden, so striking was the news that I sat motionless on sofa for a few minutes. My first instinct was to call our leaders to tell them what had happened and see what we could do for those colleagues who died or got injured in this traffic accident. 2. Paper books for children have an enormous advantage over e-books. For children, a beautifully
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printed paper book is not only a book but also a toy they can play with. Reading a paper book is rather different from reading a book on the screen. 3. In recent years, traditional media are in the tendency of decline and new media are developing rapidly. However, this does not necessarily mean that traditional media have lost the market. When it comes to reading things like news, people are still used to such traditional media as newspaper. 4. With the explosion of the financial crisis, many enterprises find themselves in difficulties. For those who have no circulating fund to invest in new production and would not let the vicious circle continue, the only thing they can do is turn to government for help. Reading across cultures 1 1. The total number of copies has continued to rise by about one per cent per year. 2. 440 million in 2006. 3. 70 per cent. 4. Online articles. 5. Size. 6 1.
Unit 5
Acting Reading (1) 4 8. military 9. bloodshed 10. combat 11. mission 12. heroic 13. commander 5 10. commander 11. combat 12. mission 13. heroic 14. military 15. bloodshed 6 9. primarily 10. reveal 11. insane 12. specifies 13. immediate 14. comic 7 a, a,b,b,b,b Acting Reading (2) 2 b, c, d, d, a, d 3 9. fate 10. confine 11. cruelty 12. survivor 13. emigrate 14. evil 15. badge 16. invade 17. refugee 4 24. evils 25. cruelty 26. emigrate 27. refugees 28. invaded 29. badges 30. confined 31. fate 32. survivors 5 7. moody 8. considerable 9. concealed 10. publication 11. recognition 12. childish 13. displayed 14. ideals 15. humanity 6 b; b; a; b; a Language in use 1 7. underwater 8. update 9. underestimate 10. uphill 11. underpants 12. upgrade 13. upright 14. Underground 2 9. Can you text me when you arrive? 10. I would like to video this scene. 11. Samantha is bussed to school every morning. 12. How can I
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access your account without the password? 13. About 100 people moved crowded into the waiting room. 14. I’ve already mailed you my reply. 15. That’s a lot of money you’ve got there. I think you should bank it. 16. Scientists have succeeded in mapping the human genome. 3 8. The day will come when he will be able to speak fluent English. 9. The time will come when you’ll both have to get a job. 10. There will come a day when you will have a chance to write about the experience. 11. Perhaps the day will come when I will understand. 4 7. If it’s very cold here, what must it be like in Scotland? 8. If houses are expensive in this part of country, what must they be like in Paris? 9. If the reading list is rather long in the first year, what must it be like in the second year? 10. If incomes are very low here, what must they have been like a hundred years ago? 11. If the rules are completely crazy in peacetime, what must they have been like during wartime? 12. If life is hard now, what must it have been like during the Middle Ages? 5 5. 那是个粗鲁的玩笑，可是达尼卡大夫并没有笑，直到约萨里安又执行了 一次任务之后，再次来求他要求停飞——尽管这没有任何指望。达尼卡 大夫窃笑了一下，很快又沉浸到他自己的麻烦中去了，这包括怀特·哈 夫特指挥官那天早上一直在向他挑战，要和他比印度式摔跤，而约萨里 安则恰恰在彼时彼地决定要发疯。 6. 只有一个诡局，那就是第二十二条军规，它规定：在面对真正的、紧迫 的危险时考虑到自身安全是理智的思维过程。奥尔疯了，因此可以停飞。 他只须提出请求；而一旦他提出请求，他就不再是疯子，就得去执行更 多的飞行任务。 7. 我们的许多犹太朋友和熟人都被成群地带走了。盖世太保对他们非常粗 暴，用运牲口的拖车把他们运送到德伦特最大的集中营威斯特伯克，他 么把所有犹太人都遣送到那里。…如果在荷兰都这么糟，那么在德国人 送他们去的那些遥远的蛮荒之地又会是什么样呢？ 8. 它传来的是一个孤独少女的声音，她为自己写作，但同时也是所有无辜 受邪恶迫害者的呐喊，他们的命运就是在第二次世界大战期间受难。这 就是安妮·弗兰克的日记被誉为犹太人大屠杀（其间有六百万犹太人被 杀害）之声的原因：她的话代表了全人类的心声。 6 5.
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Though they came across many difficulties, under his leadership they successfully found a market for their products, and the overall situation was changing for the better. In recognition of his outstanding contributions, the company decided to give him a flat as an award. 6. When John challenged him to fencing, he was very embarrassed because he knew that he was no match for John at it. If he took the challenge, he would surely lose; but if he didn’t, he would be a coward. 7. He caught a cold yesterday. Assuming that he would get better after a good night’s sleep, we sent him to school this morning. But later in the afternoon, he got back home with a fever and was confined to bed. 8. In the past few years, I have had several severe illnesses and lived in a state of poverty, but I have never abandoned my dreams. In spite of everything I clung to my dreams, which have turned out to be a great support and comfort to me. Reading across cultures 1 6. It’s on November 11th. 7. It is called Veterans Day in the United States and Armistice Day in France. 8. It begins at 11 o’clock. 9. The war dead; those who have fallen in recent wars are also remembered on the day. 10. The Great War is sometimes used. 11. More than half a million of Canadians fought in Europe during the war. 12. 65,000 of them lost their lives. 13. It is a symbol of the Great War.
Unit 6
Acting Reading (1) 4 14. exhausted 15. roar 16. stretch 17. boost 18. strain 19. inner self 20. composed 5 16. set off 17. lead up to 18. miss out 19. pull away 20. keep up with 21. fight back 22. shut out 23. count down 6 a, a, b, b, b, a, a, a, b 7 1. The writer creates an atmosphere to show that she was very tense and nervous (dry mouth, heat beating), but at the same time she was excited and energetic
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(heart beating, adrenaline pumping) before her race. “Burning legs” give readers a feeling of pain, struggling, exhaustion and possibly a fear of losing the race (because of the opening gap). The word “tingle” spreads the effect to readers that they could feel her feeling of excitement, achievement and victory through a feel of pain all over her body. The three quotes also show the writers’ feelings during three stages of the race: tense and excited (before the race); struggling and fearful (during the race) and victorious (in the end). 2. They highlight the key messages which she kept telling herself, the messages which helped her win. She invites readers to see her inner thoughts with this simple and factual information: two minutes, one more lap towards being the Olympic champion. 3. This shows that she could not believe that she had actually realized her childhood dream. She was in a momentary state of doubt, doubting herself, which is natural when something really important and significant happens to you. 8 1. Yes, particularly she is good at describing her feelings through using how different body parts react and sense the emotions: ? deafening noises, heart beating loudly, shouts of encouragement, cries of hope, roar of the crowd, clapping and shouting with delight (sounds); ? pumping adrenaline, a tingle through the whole of my body, bandaged ankle, burning legs, thoughts of pain (feelings in the body); ? lifted spirits, mental stamina, inner self, I thought I had, keep negative thoughts from my mind, smiled, still not sure (internal thoughts and reactions); ? the sea of faces, arms aloft, fists clenched (body actions). She is also successful in using a string of emotional adjectives and adverbs to describe her feelings and surroundings which stimulated her feelings: ? illuminated, deafening, tantalisingly, loudly, fantastic, completely exhilarating, terrifying, composed, unified, vocal, emotional and physical, gruelling, exhausted, not sure, relief, calm. 2. They must have been
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extremely excited and proud that she had won. This is reflected through their shouting, loud cheering, and waving flags to support her. Talking point 1. c; 2. a, c; 3. a; 4. b; 5. c; 6. a; 7. b Acting Reading (2) 3 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 4 33. illustration 34. precision 35. strategy 36. interpretation 37. soar 38. moan 39. flock 40. punch 41. priority 5 a, b, b, b, b, a, a, a, b 6 striker shooter chorus referee 7 1 the outsider’s view The writer talks about the “mystery” of injury time and “something called” the offside rule; an insider, or even someone who just watches football games occasionally on TV, would know very well what these are. As he says, he “has no clue what’s going on”. 2 words related to chance, accident and confusion ? Words related to chance: a game of chance, it’s a matter of luck, the chance nature of this game, the ball happens to be aimed about right, it’s sheer luck ? Words related to accident: it looks like an accident, accidentally bouncing off random players, takes full credit for this accident, seem so out of control ? Words related to confusion: I will have no clue what’s going on, a scene of sheer chaos, the chaos resumes, strategies and regulations are so obscure, the mystery of injury time, this leaves everyone perplexed, at a loss for words, The mystery remains 3 choice of words and phrases for humorous effect men in shorts running around madly trying to kick the ball and tripping over each other, which is not the best use of the cranium, accidentally bouncing off random players, slips through the forest of hairy legs, God never meant for most of us to control a ball with our feet …, his phoney-baloney injury, keeping 22 hopped-up athletes in line 8 1. main idea 2. main idea 3. main idea 4. example 5. example 6. main idea 7. example 8. example Language in use 1 b, b, a, d, a, d, a 2 a, c, b, e, d 3 a, a, b, b, b, a, a, a 5 9. 当夜幕降临悉尼时，雨夜开始悄悄地从夜空飘落。几百盏灯把澳大利亚 体育场照得灯火通明，场内的声音震耳欲聋。走向跑道时我看了一眼四 周看台上无数的脸，但我的注意力还是很集中。
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再过几分钟奥运金牌的 归属就要见分晓了，它悬挂在远处，很诱人。 10. 我知道自己会全力以赴，拼尽全力跑完全程。我感觉自己已经进入最佳 状态。我只要跑两圈就行了，就两圈。跑完这两圈，过去两天以及 28 年来所有情感和身体上的辛苦付出就将被胜利或者失败所淹没。这一跑 真是生死攸关。 11. 我知道，如果一个人不是从小就接触某项外来的运动，他就很难对它感 兴趣。现在我正遭遇同样的文化壁垒。6 月 9 号世界杯足球赛就要开始 了，而我对球员在“球场”上干些什么却一无所知。看起来这是给这个 所谓的精彩赛事揭短的一次大好机会。 12. 时不时地会有球员脸上挨了一肘，躺在草地上痛苦地翻腾。这时会暂停 计时，几个提着黑包的小个子男人会跑过来按摩他那假装、胡说的受伤 部位， 然后他又活蹦乱跳地站起来。 那位肘击他的球员会得到一张叫 “黄 牌”的东西：一种温和的惩戒。 6 9. He cried his heart out when he heard that he was not in the list of the school team. After all, he had gone through months of hard training and grueling competition, and had learned how to shoot with great skill and accuracy. 10. The coach, who was known for his strictness, had meant from the very start for all the players to shut out all the distracting thoughts and push themselves beyond their limits to ensure that they win a medal at the 29th Olympic Games held in Beijing. 11. Since after he took over the team, the new coach has always borne in mind his mission and finally made it to the championship of the league matches. When interviewed, the coach was at a loss for words because of excitement. 12. Football is an amazing sport. Despite the fact that most finals are 0-0, 1-0 or 2-1, people keep flocking to see football fames. For me, it remains a mystery what is so attracting about football. Reading across cultures 1 14. There are three: baseball, (American) football and basketball 15. Baseball is a relaxed, leisurely spectator sport; football is more violent, with a contemporary appeal; basketball-in the cities-is a way of life. 16. It involves strategies and the fans become generals planning troop movement (because there is a large number of “set-piece”
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strategies with players all following practiced moves according to instructions, so fans knowing some of these can pretend they are general, like the team coach. 17. It gives the impression of being busy and active, but you can be lazy and watch it. 18. They are country club sports: You have to pay membership fees to join golf and tennis clubs. 19. Middle Americans (those who live in the central States) love the noise, the violence and the danger of the cars. 20. The small town kids learn to shoot with great skill and accuracy; city kids develop “the moves” (they learn more intricate aspects because they live the game). 21. Because in a gang the kids conform to ideas about manhood and identity, and they also do this with basketball.
Unit 7
Acting Reading (1) 4 21. magnificent 22. leap 23. penetrate 24. approximate 25. motion 26. lick 27. giant 28. paw 29. layer 5 24. (b) 25. (a) 26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (b) 29. (b) 30. (b) 31. (b) 32. (a) 6 d, b, a, d, c 7 1. The dog was gentle and not aggressive. 2. The writer was vulnerable to intruders or attackers. 3. Hogahn was playing with a branch and having fun. 4. We can assume that Soren is her son who doesn’t yet have any children. 5. Because it showed they had shared a dramatic / important experience e together. Talking point 1. c; 2. b; 3. a; 4. c; 5. a; 6. b; 7. b; 8. b Acting Reading (2) 2 d, a, b, c, d, a, c, d 32 4 42. evolve 43. tunnel 44. repeatedly 45. filter 46. capable 47. pendulum 48. uncover 49. attribute 5 1. indications 2. investigate 3. hint 4. reproduce 5. compelling 6 a, a, a, b, a, b, b, a, a 7 a, b, b, a, b, a, a, a, b Language in use 1a 2 1. Scientists used to believe that animals were like machines programmed to react to stimuli, in other words, they were not considered capable
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of feeling or thinking, and certainly not of understanding abstract concepts. 2. Our perceptions of animals are filtered through our own human understanding of the world, in other words, we often project human feelings and thoughts onto other creatures. 3. In his book The Descent of Man, published in 1871, he questioned whether higher mental abilities such as self-consciousness and memory were limited to human beings, in other words, Darwin speculated that human and non-human minds aren’t all that different. 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 5 Soren said if a burglar came, Hogahn would go so far as to lick him. Hogahn was so protective that he went so far as to bark at anyone who came near the house. I went so far as to think of Hogahn as my first grandchild. In the past scientists went so far as to believe that animals were not capable of feeling or thinking. Darwin went so far as to argue that animals face the same challenges and have the same basic needs as humans. Scientists now go so far as to ask if animals have feelings and intelligence, should it affect the way we treat them? flock swarm herd herds school army bunch 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. animal lover human body abstract reasoning animal instinct human nature abstract concepts 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 我以前也经常这样为他扔木头。根据木头的不同重量和我动作的大小，我知 道它们大概能飞多远。但这块木头赶上了一阵疾风，朝着床单想去的方向飞 过了院子，越过了围栏，最后以溜冰高手般的优美动作滑进湖水里。 接下来的一瞬间我已经站在水里，霍根用前爪破冰朝我游过来。一路上冰块 的侵扰似乎让他受了些惊吓，但他绝对能控制得住自己。我尽量向前趟，直 到我的双脚陷进湖底的烂泥， 冰冷的湖水浸透了我的夹克。 我站在那儿等着。 它会认人、选择食物、识别道路。但这是否意味着它有思维能力呢？如果有 的话，又如何证实呢？我们对动物的认知是经过过滤的，是建立在人类对世 界的理解的基础上的，我们常常把人类的情感和思想投射到其他动物身上。 许多 20 世纪的科学家轻视这些发现，认为它们不可靠，这是受了拟人说的 影响，即根据人的特征来判断动物。但是，现在舆论的天平已经
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不再向那些 认为动物像机器一样没有智慧的观点倾斜了，而是向达尔文的观点倾斜。大 范围的动物研究表明：智慧之根在动物界的分布既深又广，变化多端。 The burglars were throwing the stolen items to the pickup and were just about to drive away when the guards watching over the living quarters found them and called the police. The three soldiers had walked with difficulty through the woods for a whole day, 7 1. 2. 3. 4. trying to navigate to the east bank of the river, only to find that they had been circling in the woods and were still dozens of miles short of their destination. It seems to me that the scholar who talked about animal intelligence this morning has obviously overestimated the animal intelligence. She went so far as to suggest that chimpanzees can communicate with humans through computers. As volunteers, what we need to do is not just limited to smiling to those who come to us for information and help. We must also learn skills for cross-cultural communication, without which our performance cannot be satisfactory. Reading across cultures 1 22. A dog in the manger 23. Killing the goose that laid the golden egg 24. A wolf in sheep’s clothing 2 1. Generally he used stories about animals to make a point about people; each story has its own particular point. 2. In stories for children, because they usually have an educational point. 3. So that he could get near the sheep and catch and eat the lambs. 4. He managed to catch and eat many lambs before the farmer noticed. 5. He felt tired in the afternoon. 6. The ox gave up and went away hungry. 7. He found an egg of pure gold. 8. He thought he could get all of the gold at once.
Unit 8
Active reading 1
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5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1 (enforced)
2 (pastime)
3 (additional)
4 (outlook)
5 (aggravate.)
6 (trifling)
7 (compensation)
8 (manual)
9 (grip)
6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrases in the box.
1 tired out
2 let it go
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3 to death
4 at hand
5 lay our hands on
6 in vain
7 Answer the questions about the underlined words.
1-9 b a a a b a b b b
8 Look at the sentences from the passage and decide what the underlined words refer to.
1-6 b a a b a b
Active reading 2
4 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.
(1) fulfilled (2) leisure (3) inherent (4) interaction (5) virtual (6) peculiar (7) insult
5 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
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1 span
2 sin
3 chill
4 excessive
5 extensive
6 removal
6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.
1-4 a a a b
Language in use
5 Translate the sentences into English.
1. It’s no use burying yourselves in books all day. You’d better take up some hobbies and take part in sports or extracurricular activities at intervals. A healthy study habit is to keep a balance between work and rest.
2. If your job is rightly chosen, it will not only gives you a means of sustenance, but also help you escape from the boredom and banish from your mind the worry
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about leading a meaningless life after so many years of higher education.
3. When he had nothing to do at hand, he used to volunteer to do something for his community. It may well be that under his influence more and more people in the community joined in to become volunteers.
4. I used to watch TV series late into the night, which took up too much time and risked my health and shape. To avoid temptation, I removed the TV set from my room and took up other leisure activities such as reading and playing piano.
Unit 9
Active reading 1
4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1 (numerous)
2 (employer)
3 (shortage)
4 (entertain)
5 (dread)
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6 (option)
7 (personality)
8 (cater)
5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in Activity 4. You may need to make other changes.
1 (numerous)
2 (catering; option)
3 (dreaded)
4 (employers; personality)
5 (shortage)
6 (entertained)
6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.
1-9 a a b a b a b b a
Active reading 2
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4 Match the words in the box with their deinitions.
1 (installation)
2 (cement)
3 (dedicate)
4 (location)
5 (flexibility)
6 (participant)
5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.
1 participant
2 dedicating
3 locations
4 installation
5 cement
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6 flexibility
6 Answer the questions about the words.
1-5 a a a b a
Language in use
7 Translate the sentences into English.
1. Nowadays in China, it’s no longer so hard for high school graduates to go to university, because there are three times as many universities as there were 20 years ago. But to be admitted by a first-class university, you still need to be more competitive than your peers.
2. It is worthwhile to spend money on this project, for the career skills you acquire in the process are bound to help improve your prospects in your search for a job and all your efforts will eventually pay off.
3. Though I can learn team work by working side by side with other volunteers, I need to pay for the participation. I have to acknowledge that I am now spending more time doing part-time jobs to save up for the project, which makes me feel a shortage of time.
4. Different sports have different requirements in terms of height, age, strength and stamina. Therefore, there are as many types of athletes as there are
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sports. There can be no doubt that anyone who wants to get some exercise can find the right sport.
Unit 10
Active reading 1
4 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.
1-5 a b b a c
5 Match the words in the box with their deinitions.
1-6 (hence) (interference)(amazingly) (exert)(resolution)(relativity)
6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.
1-6 (relativity) )(amazingly) (exerted) (interference) (resolution) (hence)
7 Answer the questions about the words in the box.
1-7 b b b a b a b
8 Answer the questions about the words.
1-5 a a a b a
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Active reading 2
3 Choose the best answer to the questions.
1-4 c c d c
4 Work in pairs. Identify the ilm in which:
1 Aliens
2 Superman
3 Empire of the Ants
4 Star Trek: The Voyage Home
5 The Day the Earth Caught Fire
5 Match the words in the box with their deinitions.
1 (proposal)
2 (depressing)
3 (shift)
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4 (explosion)
5 (namely)
6 (dreadful)
7 (outdated)
6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.
1 outdated
2 shifted, namely
3 depressing, explosion
4 dreadful
5 proposal
7 Answer the questions about the phrases.
1-5 a a b b a
8 Check ( ) the supporting ideas from the irst three paragraphs.
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2, 4, 5, 6, 8
Language in use
6 Translate the sentences into English.
1. He was right about that. The way the building fell suggests that the contractor had cut corners and the workers had not followed regular procedures. But we need to carry out an investigation to gain specific, hard evidence against them.
2. Despite the short distance between the village and the town, it took the villagers about 4 hours to go over the mountains to reach the town. Finally they decided to make a tunnel that goes right through the mountain that blocked their way.
3. So cold was the weather that they gathered around the stove to soak up the warmth. They had fallen victims to the snow storm which, as well as killing many wild animals and cattles, had cut off their food supplies.
4. This is nothing but a lie. I know what he has in mind. He is trying to lay the finger of blame on those who have for all these years worked day and night for the project and escape his own responsibility for the failure.
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