Unit 4
Language Structure Main Teaching Points:
1. Modal auxiliaries may/might used to express “possibility”
eg. It may/might be fine tomorrow.
2. Modal auxiliaries should/ ought to expressing “obligation”
eg. He should/ought to get up early and take some exercise every day.
3. Modal auxiliaries would rather expressing “preference”
eg. I would rather do some reading.
4. Modal auxiliaries must and can’t used to express “strong probability” and “impossibility” respectively
eg. He must be in the gym. // He can’t be there.
Useful Expressions
go-mountain climbing be in good health
take notice of be weak in / be poor in
suffer from sth. live transmission of sports events
Dialogue A Trip to China A. Listening to the recording
B. Questions on specific details
C. Broad questions:
1. Describe the changes in China’s rural areas, particularly in the coastal areas.
2. What are the ways in which Chinese farmers get up-to-date information?
3. Why college education important for modern farmers?
4. Do you believe in “You get what you put in”?
D. Language Points
1. Fancy meeting you here.=It’s a surprise to meet you here.
2. world-renowned/ world-famous 世界闻名的
eg. 1) Shanghai is a world-renowned cosmopolitan metropolis.
上海是国际知名的大都会。
2）Tonight a solo concert will be given by a world-renowned singer in Shanghai gymnasium. 今晚一位世界著名的歌手在上海体育馆举办个人演唱会。
3. on and off/ off and on : not happening continuously or regularly断断续续地
eg. 1) John has worked with Johnny on and of for 10 years.
断断续续共事了十年。
2）It rained on and off all day. 雨断断续续下了一天。
4. legacy: 遗产；遗留之物，后果
eg. 1) Part of her legacy from her parents is a golden pocket watch.父母留给她的遗产中有一块黄金怀表。
2）The masterpiece of Leonardo da vinci are invaluable cultural legacy of the Renaissance.达.芬奇的的杰作是文艺复兴时期宝贵的文化遗产。
5. capture: v. 抓住，捕获，夺取；（用画面、音乐，文字等）捕捉，描绘；n. 捕获，捕捉；俘虏，战利品
eg. 1) The police finally captured the escaped convict after a two-week search.经过两周的搜捕，警方终于抓获了逃犯。
2）Last night he met a charming woman at the party who captured his heart.昨晚他在聚会上遇到了一位让他心动的魅力女士。
3）These photographs capture the aftermath of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.这些照片捕捉了广岛和长崎原子弹爆炸后的惨状。
4）He hasn’t eaten anything since his capture.自从被俘后他没有吃过任何东西。
6. inexhaustible: 用不尽的，无穷尽的
eg. 1) The man seems to have an inexhaustible supply of energy.
2) To be frank, my patience is not inexhaustible.
7. the tip of the iceberg: 重大问题显露的一小部分；冰山一角
eg. 1) The reported cases of the water pollution are only the tip of the iceberg. 报道的水污染事件只是冰山一角。
2）Only the tip of the iceberg pokes up above the surface of the sea.
只有冰山的一角突出海平面。
美国著名作家欧内斯特.海明威（Ernest. Hemingway,1899-1961）提出过著名的“冰山原则”。他以“冰山”为喻，认为作者只应描写“冰山”露出水面的部分，水下的部分应该通过本文的提示让读者去想象补充。海明威的写作风格以惜墨如金且轻描淡写而著称，对美国文学以及20世纪文学的发展有极为深远的影响。
8. authentic : true or geniue真正的，真实的；that can be trusted, reliable可靠的，可信的
eg. 1) The authentic manuscript of the celebrated writer is exhibited in the museum.这位著名作家的手稿陈列在博物馆里。
2）The police have obtained all the authentic details of the murder.警方已经取得了有关那起谋杀案的所有可靠细节。
9. unparalleled a. bigger, better or worse than anything else无与伦比的，无双的（中性词）
eg. 1) He has made an achievement unparalleled in sporting history.他取得的成就在体育界无人能及。
2）This county is confronted with a financial crisis upparalleled since the 1930s. 这个国家面临着20世纪30年代以来空前的经融危机。
10. take sth./sb. for granted (that) : 认为…是理所当然的
eg. 1) I just took it for granted that he’d always be around.我还想当然的以为他
总能随叫随到呢。
2）Her husband was always there, and she just took him for granted.
她丈夫随时都在身边，她认为他理应如此。
11. prevailing a. 普遍的，流行的，盛行的 prevail v.
eg. 1) The prevailing view seems to be that they will find her guity.
一般人的看法似乎认为她会被判有罪。
the prevailing economic conditions 普遍的经济状况
the attitudes towards science prevailing at the time 时下对科学的流行看法
2) Justice will prevail over tyranny. 正义必将战胜暴虐。
12. breathtaking: a. very exciting or impressive (usually in a pleasant way); very surprising激动人心的，惊人的
eg. 1) The scene was one of the breathtaking beauty.美妙的景色宁人叹为观止。
2）He spoke with breathtaking arrogance.他说话时的傲慢态度令人乍舌。
a breathtaking view of the mountains 群山的壮丽景色
a breathtakingly expensive diamond 昂贵的惊人的钻石
E. Retelling
1. Ted tells Bob about his trip to China.
2. Ted introduces many world-famous places he has visited.
3. Ted describes Xi’an’s terracotta warriors and horses.
4. Ted describes Chinese food and cooking styles, the spicy-hot Sichuan dishes in particular.
Reading 1 Human Needs
A. Listening to the recording
B. Questions on specific details
1. Why is food a basic need?
2. How can we avoid malnutrition？
3. Why did primitive people eat only the food that could be grown near their homes?
4. What is the difference between needs and wants?
(Needs are something necessary to life, and wants are things that we’d like to have.)
5. How do we differ from primitive men in our food wants?
6. Name three things that a modern house contains but an ancient palace did not？
C. The structure of the passage
Part 1 (para.1-para.3) What is a basic human need?-food.
Part 2 (para.4) clothing.
Part 3 (para.5) shelter.
D. Language Points
1. do without: do sth.without sth. or sb.没有某人或某物也可以做某事
eg. 1) Man cannot do without water.
2) We ran out of surgar so you’ll have to do without.所以你得克服一下了。
2. starve：suffer severely or die from hunger挨饿，饿死
eg. 1) Thousands of people are starving in the poverty-stricken area.
在贫困地区成千上万的人正在挨饿。
2）What will we have for dinner? I’m starving.
3. malnutrition:营养不良
eg. 1) Children of this extremely poor country are suffering from chronic malnutrition.这个极度贫穷国家的儿童长期处于营养不良的状态。
2）Infection of diseases is more likely in people who are suffering from malnutrition.疾病更容易在营养不良的人群中传染。
4. primitive: a. of an early stage of social development原始的，早期的；simple, old-fashioned, unsophisticated简陋的，粗糙的
eg. primitive culture/customs/man/tribes/society/instinct原始本能
1) He is engaged in the study of primitive weapons such as bows, arrows and spears.他正在潜心研究弓箭、矛等原始武器。
2）The conditions are primitive and not sanitary according to modern standards.用现代的标准衡量，这里的条件简陋，不是那么卫生。
5. monotonous: a. not changing, boring单调的，乏味的；枯燥的，无聊的
eg. 1) The audience could no longer bear his monotonous speech.
2) We must be patient enough to finish some monotonous work from time to time.
6. diet n. 日常食物；规定的食谱v. 为减轻体重而节食
eg. 1) As a teenager, I dieted constantly.青少年时期，我经常节食。
2）Poor diet is not good for you. 饮食不佳对你身体不好。
3）The doctor said that I have to go on a diet.医生说我必须节食。
a diet of sth. 多的令人生厌的事物 diet aids 食疗
be/go on a diet 节食 a salty free diet 无盐食谱
7. Preservation n. action of preserving保护，保存
eg. 1) These cultural relics are in an excellent state of preservation.
这些文物保存得非常完好。
2）The aim of the policy is the preservation of world peace.
这一政策旨在维护世界和平。
the preservation of environment/wildlife/food/works of art
8. exotic a. 外国的，异域的；醒目的，奇异的
eg. 1) Lots of mangoes and other exotic fruits began to appear in the market.
2) Hundreds of people gathered in the streets on carnival,wearing exotic clothes.成百上千的人在狂欢节这一天身着奇异服装聚集在街头。
9. regulate : v. 管理，控制；调校，校准
eg. 1) Strict rules must be imposed to regulate the use of food additives.
食品添加剂的使用必须依靠严格的法规来管理。
2）An internal biological clock regulates the timing for sleep in humans. 人类体内的生物钟调节睡眠时间。
regulate one’s conduct/expenditure/lifestyle/economy约束行为/限制消费/节制生活方式/调控经济
regulate a clock 校准时钟 regulate the traffic 管理交通
traffic regulations 交通规则 rules and regulations 规章制度
9. muffle : v. cover sb. or sth. for warmth or protection 包裹，覆盖
make the sound less clear 抑制住（声音）
eg. 1) Heavily muffled up in an overcoat, he walked into the snowstorm.
他裹上一件厚厚的大衣，在暴风雪中出了门。
2）She covered her handkerchief over her child’s mouth to muffle his voice. 她用手帕堵住孩子的嘴不让他出声。
3）The falling snow muffled the sound of everything.落雪让天地都静了下来。
10. deny v. 否认，否定；拒不给予，阻止（某人）获得
eg. 1) Nobody denies the importance of food, shelter, defense, health and education.没有人会否认食物、居所、防护、健康和教育的重要性。
2）The doctor strongly denied that he made a serious mistake in the surgery.医生拒不承认手术时他犯下的大错。
3）She was mad at being denied the chance to see his son.不允许见儿子，她气得发疯。
4）There is no denying that this is an important event.毫无疑问，这是个重大事件。
deny sb. sth.= deny sth. to sb.拒不给与某人某物；阻止某人获得某物
deny doing sth. 否认做过某事
deny oneself sth. 摒弃某物
There’s no denying (that/sth.) …毫无疑问是正确的
deny a statement/a claim/an accusation/a charge
否认一个说法/否认某人声称的事/否认一项指责/否认一项指控
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