高英2段落英译汉翻译题最终考试范围

主要考前三个单词，极个别单词涉及第四个单词（删除短语之后的排序） 第二题：

句子英语释义：主要考查练习册对应试题第一、第二题，极个别涉及第三小题（第二套长句多；第三套也来自课文，但是句子长、来源庞杂，无法提供具体考试范围）

第三题: 课文段落英译汉翻译题

最新高英2课文段落英译汉翻译题考试范围

李观仪《新编英语教程》book6 课文译文

Unit 0ne Two Words to Avoid, Two to Remember 第1单元 避免两词 铭记两词

Nothing in life is more exciting and rewarding than the sudden flash of insight that leaves you a changed person not only changed ,but changed for the better. Such moments are rare, certainly, certainly, but they come to all of us. Sometimes from a book, a sermon, a line of poetry. Sometimes from a friend…

在生活中，没有什么比顿悟更令人激动和兴奋的，它可以改变一个人——不仅仅是改变，而且变得更好。当然，这种顿悟是很罕见的，但仍然可以发生在我们所有人身上。它有时来自一本书，一个说教或一行诗歌，有时也来自一个朋友------

That wintry afternoon in manhattan, waiting in the little French restaurant, I was feeling frustrated and depressed. Because of several miscalculations on my part, a project of considerable importance in my life had fallen through. Even the prospect of seeing a dear friend (the old man, as I privately and affectionately thought of him) failed to cheer me as it usually did. I sat there frowning at the checkered table-cloth, chewing the bitter cud of hindsight. 在曼哈顿一个寒冷的冬天的下午，我坐在一个法国小餐馆，倍感失落和压抑。因为几次误算，在我生命中一个至关重要的项目就这样落空了。就因为这样，甚至连期望看到一个老朋友（我常常私下亲切的想到的一个老人）的情形都不像以前那样令我兴奋。我坐在桌边，皱起眉头看着色彩多样的桌布，清醒的嚼着苦涩的食物。

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He came across the street, finally, muffled in his ancient overcoat, shapeless felt hat pulled down over his baldhead, looking more like an energetic gnome than an eminent psychiatrist. His offices were nearby; I knew he had just left his last patient of the day. He was close to 80, but he still carried a full case load, still acted as director of a large foundation, still loved to escape to the golf course whenever he could. 他穿过街道，裹着旧棉袄，一顶帽子从光头打下来，看上去不像是一个有名的精神病医生，倒像是一个精力充沛的侏儒。他的办公室在附近到处都有，我知道他刚刚离开他最后一个病人。他接近80岁，但仍然扛着一个装着满满文件的公文包，工作起来仍然像一个大公司的主管，无论何时有空，他都仍然爱去高尔夫球场。

By the time he came over and sat beside me, the waiter had brought his invariable bottle of ale. I had not seen him for several months, but he seemed as indestructible as ever. ‚well, young man,‛ he said without preliminary, ‚what’s troubling you?‛

当他走过来坐我旁边时，服务员早已把他总是要喝的啤酒端了过来，我已经几个月没有见他了，但他似乎还是老样子。没有任何寒暄，他就问我‚怎么了，年轻人？‛

Unit4 A Red Light for Scofflaws

给轻微违法行为亮红灯

Law-and-order is the longest-running and probably the best-loved political issue in U.S. history. Yet it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as lawbreakers, let alone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society.

法律和秩序，可以说是美国历史上历时最久、或许还是人们最爱谈论的政治问题。然而，说来痛心，显然有成百万从来没有想过自己会违法——更不用说犯罪——的美国人，对于遵守那些旨在保护和维持他们的社会的法律条文，却愈来愈表现得放肆起来。

Indeed, there are moments today — amid outlaw litter, tax cheating, illicit noise and motorized anarchy — when it seems as though the scofflaw represents the wave of the future. Harvard Sociologist David Riesman suspects that a majority of Americans have blithely taken to committing supposedly minor derelictions as a matter of course. Already, Riesman says, the ethic of U.S. society is in danger of becoming this: ‚You're a fool if you obey the rules.‛

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今天，随处乱扔拉圾、逃税、违禁噪音，以及开汽车的无序状态，真是比比皆是；有时简直使人觉得，践踏法令者似乎代表了未来的潮流。哈佛大学的社会学者戴维•里斯曼认为，大多数美国人都不以为然、毫无顾忌地喜欢犯些所谓的小过失。里期曼说，今天美国社会的道德规范已差不多快变成‚谁守法谁就是傻瓜‛了。

Nothing could be more obvious than the evidence supporting Riesman. Scofflaws abound in amazing variety.The graffiti-prone turn public surfaces into visual rubbish. Bicyclists often ride as though

two-wheeled vehicles are exempt from all traffic laws. Litterbugs convert their communities into trash dumps.

里斯曼的论断，随处都可得到极为充分的证实。玩忽法令者形形色色，令人吃惊。喜欢在公共场所乱涂乱写的人，把这些地方弄得满目疮痍。骑自行车无拘无束，仿佛两轮车就可以不遵守交通规则似的。随处乱扔拉圾的人把他们的居住区变成了拉圾堆。

Widespread flurries of ordinances have failed to clear public places of high-decibel portable radios, just as earlier laws failed to wipe out the beer-soaked hooliganism that plagues many parks.Tobacco addicts remain hopelessly blind to signs that say NO SMOKING. Respectably dressed pot smokers no longer bother to duck out of public sight to pass around a joint. The flagrant use of cocaine is a festering scandal in middle and upper-class life. And then there are (hello, everybody!) the jaywalkers.

到处张贴的禁令，也未能使公共场所免于手提收音机的高分贝噪音的污染，正如早先颁布禁令，禁止喝饱啤酒的流氓滋扰公园，竟毫无作用一样。烟草瘾君子对那些‚禁止吸烟‛的布告牌熟视无睹。衣冠楚楚的大麻烟客传递毒品也不再躲躲闪闪，避人耳目。可卡因毒品泛滥，成了中上层社会中愈来愈恼人的丑闻。当然，还有那些不遵守交通规则，乱穿马路的人

The dangers of scofflawry vary widely. The person who illegally spits on the sidewalk remains disgusting, but clearly poses less risk to others than the company that illegally buries hazardous chemical waste in an unauthorized location. The fare beater on the subway presents less threat to life than the landlord who ignores fire safety statutes. The most immediately and measurably dangerous scofflawry, however, also happens to be the most visible.

践踏法令的危害有轻有重。在人行道上随地吐痰，当然是令人讨厌的；但与那些大工厂在非指定地点违法掩埋危险的化学废料的作法相比，其对公众的危害则要小多了。乘地铁不买票，当然不会像房东老板无视防火安全条文那样会

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危及人的生命安全。然而正是这些极常见的践踏法令行为的危害却最直接最明显。

The culprit is the American driver, whose lawless activities today add up to a colossal public nuisance.The hazards range from routine double parking that jams city streets to the drunk driving that kills some 25,000 people and injures at least 650,000 others yearly. Illegal speeding on open highways? New surveys show that on some interstate highways 83% of all drivers are currently ignoring the federal 55 mph speed limit.

罪魁祸首要算那些无法无天的美国司机，其所做所为积累成今天的巨大公害。这种危害包括致使交通阻塞的常见的路边双排停车和导致每年车祸死亡 25,000 人、受伤至少 65 万人的酒后开车。高速公路上超速行驶的情况又是怎样呢 ? 据近期统计，某些州际高速公路上，有83%的司机们都常常无视联邦政府关于最高时速 55 英里的限速规

The most flagrant scofflaw of them all is the red-light runner. The flouting of stop signals has got so bad in Boston that residents tell an anecdote about a cabby who insists that red lights are ‚ just for decoration ‛ .The power of the stoplight to control traffic seems to be waning everywhere. In Los Angeles, red-light running has become perhaps the city's most common traffic violation.

最明目张胆的违法的行径要算闯红灯了。在波士顿，无视停车信号的状况已经严重到了如此程度，以至在当地居民中流传着这样一个趣闻：一位出租汽车司机竟然坚信：红灯只不过是‚街头的装饰品而已‛。红色停车指示灯控制交通的能力似乎处处都在减弱。在洛杉矶，闯红灯恐怕要算该市最常见的交通违章现象。

In New York City, going through an intersection is like Russian roulette. Admits Police Commissioner Robert J. Mc Guire: ‚Today it's a 50-50 toss-up as to whether people will stop for a red light.‛ Meanwhile, his own police largely ignore the lawbreaking.

在纽约市，通过交叉路口就象玩俄国手枪轮盘赌。警察局长罗伯特•麦克盖尔承认：‚如今红灯亮了是否停车，就像玩掷币游戏，机会各一半。‛而他麾下的警察，对这种违章行为大都视而不见。

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Unit 7 text I Beauty

1 For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Persons then were assumed to be what we now have to call—lamely, enviously—whole persons. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a person‘s ―‚inside‛ and ‚outside‛, they still expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind. The well-born young Athenians who gathered around Socrates found it quite paradoxical that their hero was so intelligent, so brave, so honorable, so seductive—and so ugly. One of Socrates‘ main pedagogical acts was to be ugly—and teach those innocent, no doubt splendid-looking disciples of his how full of paradoxes life really was.

美之于古希腊人是一种德性，一种美德。今天看来，他们就是我们如今所谓的‚全面的人‛，虽然这个称呼有点不理直气壮，并且带有嫉妒之意。倘若让古希腊人区分一个人的‚内在‛和‚外在‛，他们仍期望内在美是需要与其他种类之美相匹配的。那些聚集在苏格拉底身边的雅典青年人发现自己的偶像是如此得聪慧、勇敢、正直、充满诱惑力，而同时又那么得丑，这是多么自相矛盾啊。而苏格拉底主要的教学手段之一即为‚丑‛，告诉这些天真却拥有毋庸臵疑般美貌的门生，真正的人生是充满悖论的。

2 They may have resisted Socrates‘ lessons. We do not. Several thousand years later, we are more wary of the enchantments of beauty. We not only split off –with the greatest facility-the ‚inside‛ (character, intellect)from the ‚outside‛(looks); but we are actually surprised when someone who is beautiful is also intelligent, talent, good.

他们或许能够抗拒苏格拉底的学说。而我们做不到。几千年以后，美的魅惑使我们更加小心。我们不仅用最容易的方式将‚内在美‛（性格，心智）和‚外在美‛（外貌）割离开来，而且我们也对那些既有美貌亦有智慧天赋之人，感到诧异。

3 It was principally the influence of Christianity that deprived beauty of the central place it had classical ideals of human excellence. By limiting excellence (virtus in Latin) to moral virtue only, Christianity set beauty adrift—as an alienated, arbitrary, superficial enchantment. And beauty has continued to lose prestige. For close to two centuries it has become a convention to attribute beauty to only one of

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the two sexes: the sex which, however Fair, is always Second. Associating beauty with women has put beauty even further on the defensive, morally.

美自古就是经典的人类优秀品格理想标准，而将其从如此最重要位臵赶走的首要原因来自基督教的影响。通过把美德（拉丁语为virtus）的概念限定到仅仅指伦理道德，基督教放逐了‚美‛——把美当成一种异化的，武断的，肤浅的诱惑。同时美不断丢失了它原本的美名。到二世纪末的时候，美成为一种约定概念，美仅用于两性之一的性别：这个性别纵然是美好的，但却处于第二位臵。将美与女性联系起来，使得美在道德层面上更加受到指责。

4 A beautiful woman, we say in English. But a handsome man. ‚Handsome‛is the masculine equivalent of –and refusal of a—a compliment which has accumulated certain demeaning overtones, by being reserved for women only8. That one can call a man ― ‚beautiful‛ in French and in Italian suggest that Catholic countries—unlike those countries shaped by the Protestant version of Christianity—still retain some vestiges of the pagan admiration for beauty. But the difference, if one exists, is of degree only. In every modern country that is Christian or post-Christian, women are the beautiful sex—to the detriment of the notion of beauty as well as of women.

在英语里，我们说一位女子是美丽的。但是我们却说一位男子是英俊的。‚英俊‛是其阳性的等同词，同时拒绝一种带有某些贬义暗示的赞扬，而这种赞扬是仅用于女性的。在法语和意大利语里，人们可以称男子是‚美丽的‛，这暗示着这些天主教国家依旧保留了前基督教时期欣赏‚美‛的痕迹，而这些痕迹在新教国家中已经荡然无存。但即使存在，差别也只是程度不同而已。在任何一个基督教或者后基督教国家里，女性就是那个美丽的性别——既损害了美这个概念，也损害了女性这个概念。

Unit 8 Appetite（渴望）

1、 One of the major pleasures in life is appetite, and one of our major duties should be to preserve it. 食欲乃生活大乐事之一，而保持食欲则成为重要的任务之一。Appetite is the keenness of living; it is one of the senses that tells you that you are still curious to exist, that you still have an edge on your longings and want to bite into the world and taste its multitudinous flavors and juices.欲望意味着对生活充满热情，这种饥饿感表明你依然希冀生活下去，热衷梦想，向往探索世界，尝遍世间百味。

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2、 By appetite, of course, I don’t mean just the lust for food, but any condition of unsatisfied desire, any burning in the blood that proves you want more than you’ve got, and that you haven’t yet used up your life.当然，我所说的‚欲望‛不单指对食欲，而指所有欲求尚未满足的状态，及血液中燃烧的激情，这炽热的激情证明你希望收获更多，也证明你的生命活力尚未耗尽。

Wilde said he felt sorry for those who never got their heart’s desire, but sorrier still for those who did.王尔德曾说过，对未能梦想成真者，他深表惋惜；而对心愿已遂者，他则更为遗憾。I got mine once only, and it nearly killed me, and I’ve always preferred wanting to having since.仅有一次，我如愿以偿，但就那次把我要了我的命，自那以后，我总是更乐于想往，而非如愿以偿。

3、 For appetite, to me, is this state of wanting, which keeps one’s expectations alive. 对我来说，渴望就是这种想往的状态，它总是让人满怀期待。I remember learning the lesson long ago as a child, when treats and orgies were few, and when I discovered that the greatest pitch of happiness was not in actually eating a toffee but in gazing at it before hand.还是小孩子时，我就对此有所感悟。那时没什么极乐之事，我发现那时候最大的乐趣其实不在于吃太妃糖，而在于吃糖之前好好地把糖果端详一番。 True, the first bite was delicious, but once the toffee was gone one was left with nothing, neither toffee nor lust. Besides, the whole toffeeness of toffees was imperceptibly diminished by the gross act of having eaten it. 的确如此。第一口甜蜜无比，然而，糖一旦吃完，你就一无所有了：糖没了，诱惑也没了。太妃糖吃完了，吃糖的欲望也随之消失殆尽了。此外，在大口咀嚼时，太妃糖的滋味也不知不觉地淡去了。No, the best was in wanting it, in sitting and looking at it, when one tasted an inexhaustible

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treasure-house of flavors.不能如此享用。最好的享受是欲求不达，只消坐在那盯着糖，你就能感受到太妃糖无穷无尽的金屋藏娇似。

4、 So, for me, one of the keenest pleasures of appetite remains in the wanting, not the satisfaction. In wanting a peach, or a whisky, or a particular texture or sound, or to be with a particular friend. 因此，对我来说，渴望的最大乐趣之一在于心怀向往，而非心满意足，比如，向往一只密桃，一杯威士忌，或者一种特别的触觉 ，或听觉，亦或期望与特定朋友相聚。 For in this condition, of course, I know that the object of desire is always at its most flawlessly perfect. 因为，我知道在这种情况下，心中渴求之物总是完美无缺的。Which is why I would carry the preservation of appetite to the extent of deliberate fasting, simply because I think that appetite is too good to lose, too precious to be bludgeoned into insensibility by satiation and over-doing it. 我把此种渴望的坚守，故意延伸成斋戒期。原因很简单，我觉得食欲是极好的事，不能丧失，它弥足珍贵，不能饱食生腻，耗费过度使其沦为索然无味。

unit 10 euphemism.

A euphemism is commonly defined as an auspicious or exalted term

(like ‚sanitation engineer‛) that is used in place of a more down-to-earth term (like ‚garbage man‛). People who are partial to euphemisms stand accused of being ‚phony‛ or trying to bide what it is they are really talking about.

委婉语通常被定义为一个用一个吉祥或颂扬的词汇，像‚卫生工程师‛来替代一个更加就事论事的词，像‚清洁工‛。喜欢用委婉语的人通常受人指责虚伪或者企图掩饰他们真正想要说的事情。

And there is no doubt that in some situations the accusation is entirely proper. For example, one of the more detestable euphemisms I have come across in recent years is the term ‚Operation Sunshine,‛ which is the name the U. S. Government gave to some experiments it conducted with the hydrogen bomb in the South Pacific.

毫无疑问，有些情况下这种指责是完全合理的。比如，今年来我所见过的最让人恶心的是‚阳光行动‛这一术语，它指的是美国政府在南太平洋进行氢弹的实验。

It is obvious that the government, in choosing this name, was trying to

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expunge the hideous imagery that the bomb evokes and in so doing committed, as I see it, an immoral act. This sort of process — giving pretty names to essentially ugly realities — is what has given euphemizing such a bad name.

很明显，在选择这一术语时，政府企图消除炸弹在人们心中引发的恐怖形象，这在我看来是相当不道德的行为。这种将一些很漂亮的名称加在很丑陋的事情头上的行为让委婉语臭名远扬。

And people like George Orwell have done valuable work for all of us in calling attention to how the process works. But there is another side to euphemizing that is worth mentioning, and a few words here in its defense will not be amiss.

有像乔治.奥维尔的人为我们所有人做了很有价值的工作，他们唤起人们对这类委婉语的使用过程的注意。但委婉语的使用有另外一面值得一提，在这里为委婉语辩护几句不会有错。

3、Now, all sorts of scoundrels know this perfectly well and can make us love almost anything by getting us the charm of a name to whatever worthless thing they are promoting. But at the same time and in the same vein, euphemizing is a perfectly intelligent method of generating new and useful ways of perceiving things.

现在所有的无赖商家都非常清楚他们能通过将他们推销的百无一用的产品取一个好听的名字来使我们爱上他们的产品。但是同时、以同样的方式，使用委婉表达是一种非常智慧的方法，是让人感知事物具有新颖又有用的方法。

The man who wants us to call him a ‚sanitation engineer‛ instead of a ‚gar­bage man‛ is hoping we will treat him with more respect than we presently do. He wants us to see that he is of some importance to our society. His euphemism is laughable only if we think that he is not deserving of such notice or respect.

希望人们称其为‚卫生工程师‛而非‚清洁工‛的人，希望人们给以他比现在更多的尊重。他希望我们看到他对社会的重要性。如果我们认为他们不值得这样的关注或尊重，那他这样的委婉才显得可笑。

The teacher who prefers us to use the term ‚culturally different children‛ instead of ‚slum children‛ is euphemizing, all right, but is doing it to encourage us to see aspects of a situation that might otherwise not be attended to.

老师倾向于我们使用‚文化不同的孩子‛这一表达而不是‚贫民区小孩‛，这种委婉表达是可行的，这样做是鼓励我们看到现实生活中我们没有关注的一些方面。

4、The point I am making is that there is nothing in the process of euphemizing itself that is contemptible. Euphemizing is contemptible when a name makes us see something that is not true or diverts our

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attention from something that is. The hydrogen bomb kills. There is nothing else that it does.

我想说的是委婉表达本身是没有值得鄙视的。只有当一个名字的目的是为了让我们看到不真实的东西或转移我们对某事的注意力是才可鄙。因此，称氢弹试验为‚阳光行动‚是为了暗示人们一种炸弹并不拥有的功能。

And when you experiment with it, you are trying to find out how widely and well it kills. Therefore, to call such an experiment ‚Operation Sunshine‛ is to suggest a purpose for the bomb that simply does not exist. But to call ‚slum children‛ ‚culturally different‛ ‘is something else. 当你进行氢弹实验室，你想测试它的杀伤力。因而，你把这个实验委婉地叫做‚阳光行动‛，就是要表达此核弹根本没有的目的。

但是称 ‚文化不同的孩子‛而非‚贫民区孩子‛则需另当别论。

It calls attention, for example, to legitimate reasons why such children might feel alienated from what goes on in school.

比如它唤起人们去注意为什么这些小孩会感觉和学校中进行的事情格格不入。

5、I grant that sometimes such euphemizing does not have the intended effect. It is possible for a teacher to use the term ‚culturally different‛ but still be controlled by the term ‚slum children‛ (which the teacher may believe is their ‚real‛ name).

我敢肯定有时这样的委婉表达并不具备预期的效果。可能一个老师表面上称有些学生为‚文化上不同的学生‛，但实际上内心仍将人们视为‚贫民窟小孩‛。

‚Old people‛ may be called ‚senior citizens,‛ and nothing might change. And ‚lunatic asylums‛ may still be filthy, primitive prisons though they are called ‚mental institutions.‛ Nonetheless, euphemizing may be regarded as one of our more important intellectual resources for creating new perspectives on a subject. 用‚高级公民‛来取代‚老人‛也许什么都没有变. ‚疯人院‛ 即使被称为‚精神疗养院‛，它还是一座脏兮兮的原始落后的监狱。尽管如此，委婉表达可以视为一种重要的知识资源，它可以为我们对某件话题产生一个新的视角。

The attempt to rename ‚old people‛ ‚senior citizens‛ was obviously motivated by a desire to give them a political identity; which they not only warrant but which may yet have important consequences。 In fact, the fate of euphemisms is very hard to predict. A new and seemingly silly name may replace an old one (let us say, ‚chairperson‛ for ‚chairman‛) and for years no one will think or act any differently because of it. 用‚高级公民‛来取代‚老人‛的企图明显的动机是希望给他们一种政治身份。这样做不仅有必要而且会产生重要的结果。事实上委婉语的命运很难预测。一个新的，看起来很蠢的名字可能取代一个旧的表达（比如用chairperson取代chairman），但几年之后人们不会因为名字的改变而在思维或行动上有所改

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变。

And then, gradually, as people begin to assume that ‚chairperson‛ is the ‚real‛ and proper name (or ‚senior citizen‛ or ‚tuna fish or sanitation engineer‛), their attitudes begin to shift, and they will approach things in a slightly different frame of mind.

久而久之，当人们开始认为‚chairperson‛是‚真‛ 名字和恰当的名字时，他们的态度开始改变，他们开始以一种稍微不同的心态来对待这些事物。

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