Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write an essay on the importance ofbuilding trust between businesses and consumers. You can cite examples to illustrate yourviews. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
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Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
说明：由于2018年6月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage withten blanks. You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identifiedby a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. When Elon Musk says that his new priority is using artificial intelligence to build domesticrobots, we should look forward to the day in admiration. Mr. Musk is a guy who gets things done. The founder of two tech companies, Tesla Motors andSpaceX, is bringing electric vehicles to mass market and ___26___ humans to live on otherplanets. This sounds like so much hot air, but the near $13 billion fortune this entrepreneurhas ___27___ comes from pr
actical achievements rather than hypothetical ones.
A lot of clever people are ___28___ about artificial intelligence, fearing that robots will oneday become so ___29___ that they'll murder all of us. These fears are mostly ___30___: aswith hysteria about genetic modification, we humans are generally wise enough tomanage these problems with speed and care.
And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could, ___31___, belike having a babysitter and a nurse rolled into one—or, if that required ___32___intelligence beyond the power of Mr. Musk's imagined machine, at least someone to chopthe carrots, wash the car and mow the lawn. Once purchased and trained, this would allowthe ___33___ user to save money and time, freeing up ___34___ space in our busy lives toread a good book. That is why we welcome Mr. Musk's latest ___35___, and wish him well. As long as robotsadd to the sum of human happiness, reduce suffering, and create time to read world-classjournalism, we should be their fans. Especially since journalism is one job robots will neverdo.
A) amassed B) casual C) emotional D enabling E) eventually F) exaggerated G)extravagant H) generously I) misleading J) precious K) reward L) smart M) sphere N)terrified O) venture Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached toit. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more thanonce. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. In the real world, nobody cares that you went to an Ivy League school A) As a high school junior, everything in my life revolved around getting into the right college.I diligently attended my SAT, ACT, and Advanced Placement test preparation courses. Ijuggled (尽力应
付) cross-country and track schedules, newspaper staff, and my church's youthgroup and drama team. I didn't drink, party, or even do much dating. The right college, Ithought, was one with prestige, one with a name. It didn't have to be the Ivy League, but itneeded to be a \"top school.\"
B) Looking back now, nine years later, I can't remember exactly what it was about theseuniversities that made them seem so much better. Was it a curric
ulum that appeared morerigorous, perhaps? Or an alumni network that I hoped would open doors down the line?Maybe.
\"I do think there are advantages to schools with more recognition,\" notes MarybethGasman, a professor of higher education at the University of Pennsylvania. \"I don'tnecessarily think that's a reason to go to one.\"
C) In reflection, my firm belief in the power of the brand was naive, not to mention a bitsnobby. I quickly passed over state schools and southern schools, believing their curriculumsto be automatically inferior to northeastern or western counterparts. Instead, I dreamed ofliving in New York City and my parents obliged me with a visit to New York University's (NYU)campus. During the tour, tuition fees were discussed.
(NYU is consistently ranked one of thecountry's most expensive schools, with room and board costs totaling upwards of $ 64,000 ayear.) Up until then, I hadn't truly realized just how expensive an education can be. Over thenext few months, I realized not only could I not afford my dream school, I couldn't evenafford the ones where I'd been accepted. City University of New York (CUNY), RutgersUniversity, and Indiana University were out of reach as were Mississippi State and theUniversity of Alabama, where I would have to pay out-of-state fees. Further complicating mycollege search was a flourishing track career—I wanted to keep running but my timesweren't quite fast enough to secure a scholarship.
D) And so, at 11 pm on the night of Georgia State University's (GSU) midnight deadline, Iapplied online. Rated No.
466 overall on Forbes' Lists Top Colleges, No. 183 in ResearchUniversities, and No.
108 in the South, I can't say it was my top choice. Still, the trackcoach had offered me a walk-on spot, and I actually found the urban Atlanta campus adecent consolation prize after New York City.
E) While it may have been practical, it wasn't prestigious. But here's the thing: I loved my\"lower-tier\" (低层次的) university.
(I use the term \"low-tier\" cautiously, because GSU is a well-regarded research institution that attracts high quality professors and faculty from all overthe country.) We are taught to believe that only by going to the best schools and getting thebest grades can we escape the rat race and build a better future. But what if lower-tiercolleges and universities were the ticket to escaping the rat race? After all, where else canyou leave school with a decent degree—b
ut without a lifetime of debt?
F) My school didn't come prepackaged like the more popular options, so we were left to takecare of ourselves, figuring out city life and trying to complete degree programs that no onewas championing for us to succeed in. What I'm saying is, I loved my university because ittaught us all to be resourceful and we could make what we wanted out of it.
G) I was lucky enough to have my tuition covered by a lottery-funded scholarship calledHOPE (Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally). When I started college, the HOPEscholarship was funded by the state of Georgia and offered to graduating high school seniorswith a GPA of 3.0 or higher. Living costs and books I paid for with money earned during highschool, supplemented by a small college fund my deceased grandfather left for me and amodest savings account my parents created when I was born.
H) So what about all that name recognition? Sure, many of my colleagues and competitorshave more glamorous alma maters (母
校) than I do. As a journalist, I have competed againstNYU, Columbia, and Northeastern graduates for jobs. And yet, not a single interviewer hasever asked me about my educational background. In fact, almost every interview I've everhad was due to a connection—one that I've gained through pure determination, not a schoolbrand.
I) According to The Boston Globe, students who earned their bachelor's in 2012 have anaverage monthly loan payment of $312, which is one-third more than those who graduatedin 2004. Ultimately, that's the thing universities don't want to admit. Private universities aremoney-making institutions. If you can afford to buy prestige, that's your choice. For the restof us, however, our hearty lower-tiered universities are just fine, thank you.
J) Wealthy universities talk up the benefits their name will give graduates: namely, strongalumni networks, star faculty, and a résumé boost. But you needn't attend an Ivy Leagueschool to reap those rewards. Ludacris and the former CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis arealumni of my college, as well as VICE's first female editor-in-chief, Ellis Jones. Successfulpeople tend to be successful no matter where they go to school, and lower-tier schools canhave alumni networks just as strong as their big name counterparts. In fact, lower-tier schoolalumni networks are arguably stronger, because fellow alumni recognize that you didn'tnecessarily have an easy path to follow. They might be more willing to offer career help,because your less famous school denotes that
, like them, you are also full of energy andperseverance.
K) The Washington Post reported on a recent study by Princeton economists, in which collegegraduates who applied to the most selective schools in the 12th grade were compared tothose who applied to slightly less selective schools. They found that students with morepotential earned more as adults, and the reverse held true as well, no matter where theywent to school.
L) Likewise, star faculty are not always found where you'd expect. Big name schools are notnecessarily the best places for professors; plus, many professors split teaching time betweenmultiple colleges and/or universities. This means, for instance, a CUNY student couldreasonably expect to receive the same quality of instruction from a prestigious professoras they would if they were enrolled in the same class at NYU.
M) It's possible that some hiring managers may be drawn to candidates with a particulareducational résumé, but it's no guarantee. According to a 2012 survey described in TheAtlantic, college reputation ranked lowest in relative importance of attributes in evaluatinggraduates for hire, beaten out by top factors like internships, employment during college,college major, volunteer experience, and extracurriculars.
N) Maybe students who choose less prestigious universities are bound to succeed becausethey are determined to. I tend to think so. In any case, if I could do it again, I'd still makethe same choice. Today I'm debt-free, resourceful—and I understand that even theshiniest packaging can't predict what you'll find on the inside.
36. Modest institutions can also have successful graduates and strong alumni networks.
37. The money the author made in high school helped pay for her living expenses and booksat college.
38. The author came to see how costly college education could be when she was trying tochoose a university to attend.
39. A recent study found that a graduate's salary is determined by their potential, not theuniversity they attended.
40. The author cannot recall for sure what made certain top universities appear a lot better.
41. None of the author's job interviewers cared which college she went to. 42. The author thinks she did the right thing in choosing a less prestigious university.
43. In order to be admitted to a prestigious university, the author took part in variousextracurricular activities and attended test preparation courses. 44. The author liked her university which was not prestigious but less expensive.
45. Colleges are reluctant to admit that graduates today are in heavier debt. Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?
In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by theCensus Bureau, which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015.Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed andincomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census's measure arethat:
1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided healthinsurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured,income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours ofwork needed to earn that income.
While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by CharlesJones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare.While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income,taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in workingtime, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economicperformance both across countries and over time.
The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we wantto compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U.S. and France in 2005.
In 2005, as the authors observe: real consumption per person in France was only 60% ashigh as the U.S., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off thanthe French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisuretime, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retireearlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumablyreflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income andconsumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U.S. Because of thesedifferences, comparing France's consumption with the U.S.'s overstates the gap in economicwelfare.
Similar calculations can be used to compare the U.S. and other countries. For example, thiscalculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U.S. levels, butestimates Mexican well-being at 22%.
The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy's performance over time.According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U.S. had the highest economicwelfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the U.S. has continued toimprove. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.
Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare ismulti-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other importantquality-of-life changes could be incorporated-for example, decreases in total emissions ofpollutants and declines in crime rates. 46. What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau? A) It is based on questionable statistics. B) It reflects the economic changes. C) It evidences the improved-welfare. D) It provides much food for thought.
47. What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method? A) It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries. B) It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people's livelihood. C) It focuses on people's consumption rather than their average income. D) It is a more comprehensive measure of people's economic well-being. 48. What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U. S. interms of real consumption per person?
A) It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies. B) It neglected many important indicators of people's welfare.
C) It covered up the differences between individual citizens. D) It failed to count in their difference in natural resources. 49. What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?
A) It can accurately pinpoint a country's current economic problems. B) It can help to raise people's awareness of their economic well-being. C) It can diagnose the causes of a country's slowing pace of economic improvement.
D) It can compare a country's economic conditions between different periods of time.
50) What can we infer from the passage about American people's economic well-being?
A) It is much better than that of their European counterparts. B) It has been on the decline ever since the turn of the century. C) It has not improved as much as reported by the Census Bureau. D) It has not been accurately assessed and reported since mid-2000s. Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. If you've ever started a sentence with,
\"If I were you...\" or found yourself scratching yourhead at a colleague's agony over a decision when the answer is crystal-clear, there's ascientific reason behind it. Our own decision-making abilities can become depleted over thecourse of the day causing indecision or poor choices, but choosing on behalf of someone elseis an enjoyable task that doesn't suffer the same pitfalls. The problem is \"decision fatigue,\" a psychological phenomenon that takes a toll on thequality of your choices after a long day of decision making, says Evan Polman, a leadingpsychologist.
Physicians who have been on the job for several hours, for example, are more likely toprescribe antibiotics to patients when it's unwise to do so. \"Presumably it's because it'ssimple and easy to write a prescription and consider a patient case closed rather thaninvestigate further,\" Polman says. But decision fatigue goes away when you are making the decision for someone else.When people imagine themselves as advisers and imagine their own choices as belonging tosomeone else, they feel less tired and rely less on decision shortcuts to make those choices.
\"By taking upon the role of adviser rather than decision maker, one does not
suffer theconsequences of decision fatigue,\" he says.
\"It's as if there's something fun and liberatingabout making someone else's choice.\"
Getting input from others not only offers a fresh perspective and thought process; it oftenalso includes riskier choices. While this sounds undesirable, it can be quite good, says Polman.
\"When people experience decision fatigue-when they are tired of making choices—theyhave a tendency to choose to go with the status quo (现状),\" he says.
\"But the status quocan be problematic, since a change in the course of action can sometimes be important andlead to a positive outcome.\"
In order to achieve a successful outcome or reward, some level of risk is almost alwaysessential.
\"People who are susceptible to decision fatigue will likely choose to do nothingover something,\" he says,
\"That's not to say that risk is always good, but it is related totaking action9whereas decision fatigue assuredly leads to inaction and the possible chagrin(懊
恼) of a decision maker who might otherwise prefer a new course but is unfortunatelyhindered.\"
Just because you can make good choices for others doesn't mean you'll do the same foryourself, Polman cautions.
\"Research has found that women negotiate higher salaries forothers than they do for themselves,\" he says, adding that people slip in and out of decisionroles.
51. What does the author say about people making decisions?
A) They may become exhausted by making too many decisions for themselves.
B) They are more cautious in making decisions for others than for themselves.
C) They tend to make decisions the way they think advantageous to them. D) They show considerable differences in their decision-making abilities. 52. What does the example about the physicians illustrate? A) Patients seldom receive due care towards the end of the day. B) Prescription of antibiotics can be harmful to patients' health. C) Decision fatigue may prevent people making wise decisions.
D) Medical doctors are especially susceptible to decision fatigue. 53. When do people feel less decision fatigue? A) When they take decision shortcuts. B) When they help others to make decisions. C) When they have major decisions to make. D) When they have advisers to turn to.
54. What are people likely to do when decision fatigue sets in? A) They turn to physicians for advice. B) They tend to make risky decisions. C) They adopt a totally new perspective. D) They refrain from trying anything new.
55. What does the passage say about taking some risk in decision making? A) It is vital for one to reach the goal desired. B) It is likely to entail serious consequences. C) It will enable people to be more creative. D) It will more often than not end in regret. Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on AnswerSheet 2. 自行车曾经是中国城乡最主要的交通工具，中国一度被称为“自行车王国”。如今，随着城市交通拥堵和空气污染日益严重，骑自行车又开始流行起来。近来，中国企业家将移动互联网技术与传统自行车结合在一起，发明了一种称为共享单车（shared bikes）的商业模式。共享单车的出现使骑车出行更加方便，人们仅需一部手机就可以随时使用共享单车。为了鼓励人们骑车出行，很多城市修建了自行车道。现在，越来越多的中国人也喜欢通过骑车健身。 2018年6月六级部分真题参考答案(完整版) Part Ⅰ Writing
The Importance of Building Trust BetweenBusinesses and Consumers Today, in the context of this era featured by increasing commercialization and digitalization,mutually-trusted relations between businesses and consumers appear to be particularlyimportant.
As for me businesses should take a leading role in establishing the trust relationship: to behonest with their consumers.Firstly, if a business has a dishonest attitude toward itscustomers, the customers will lack purchasing confidence in its goods or services, which willbring huge economic loss to the business.
What's worse, the adverse side effect of suchdishonesty can endanger the business and it is impossible to recover. The collapse ofSanlu Milk Powder Company is a testament to this. Moreover, the incident of poisonousmilk has exerted devastating consequences on the whole milk powder market. Besides,because of the proliferation of counterfeit goods, more consumers lose confidence indomestic products,and then they have no alternative but to resort to foreign brands, whichis one reason why cross-border online shopping is gaining more and more popularity inChina.
Therefore, it is high time for us to strengthen the importance of maintaining trust betweenbusinesses and consumers to promote the healthy development of the whole socialeconomy. Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension
说明：由于2018年6月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。 Part III Reading Comprehension 26-35: DANLF ECBJO 36-45: JGCKB HNAEI 46-55: ADBDC ACBDA Part IV Translation
Bicycle used to be the leading means of transportation in China's cities and villages, andChina was once called \"the Kingdom of Bicycles\". Nowadays, with traffic congestion and airpollution becoming more and more serious in cities, riding a bicycle is becoming popularagain. Recently, China's entrepreneurs have combined mobile Internet technologies withbicycles and invented the business model of bike-sharing. The appearance of shared bikeshas made it more convenient for people to get around, and people can ride bikes at anytime only with the help of a mobile phone. To encourage people to travel by bike, manycities have built bike lanes. Now, more and more Chinese people like exercising by ridingbikes.
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