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小学英语语法知识整理汇总

2022-03-09 来源:钮旅网
六年级英语语法知识汇总 一、词类: 1、 动词:行为动词、be动词、情态动词。 (1)行为动词 原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具体判断方法如下: (2)be动词 a、Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。 b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He /She is(not) a teacher. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. c、 一般疑问句 Am I …? Yes, you are. /No, you aren’t.. Are you/they…? Yes,we/ they are. No,we/ they aren’t’. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. /No, it isn’t. is、am、are为一类,一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中。 was和were为另一类,一般用于一般过去时。 (3)情态动词 be begin buy can come do draw drink eat drive feel find fly forget get give go grow have hear keep know learn let make may mean meet must is begins buys comes does draws drinks eats drives feels finds flies forgets gets gives goes grows has hears keeps knows learns lets makes was, were began bought could came did drew drank ate drove felt found flew forgot got gave went grew had heard kept knew learnt, learned let made might meant met must put read rode rang ran said saw sang sat slept spoke spent 中文 stood swept swam means meets put puts read reads can、must、could、should、would、may。情ride rides 态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条ring rings 件影响) run runs say says 情态动词,没有第三人称单数,所有的情态动词都是see sees 如此,情态动词不受人称和数的影响, sing sings 即不管主语是什么人称它都不变,情态动词,后面只sit sits 能加动词原型。 sleep sleeps speak speaks 动词的变化: spend spends 动词原形 第三人称单数形式stand stands 动词的过去式+ed 动词的ing形式+ing sweep sweeps +s/es swim swims take teach tell think will takes teaches tells thinks ox-oxen fish-fish 写 write writes wrote deer-deer 2、 名词 Chinese-Chine(1). 专有名词和普通名词。 (二)不可数名词 不可数名词指不可名词根据其意义可以分为专有名词和普通名

以用数字一个一个数出来的名词,它没有单复词。

数之分,但可以借助a cup of;three pieces 专有名词:表示特定的人或事物名称的词,专

of等名词性短语来表示不可数名词的量。 有名词词首的字母要大写。

这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所如:中国:China; 节日:Children‵s Day 儿

以总是用is或者was。 童节

回忆我们以前学习的不可数名词有: 普通名词:凡不属于特定的人或事物名称的词

①液体类:orange 橙汁; juice 果汁; 叫普通名词。

soup 汤; water 水; coffee 咖啡; (2).可数名词和不可数名词。

tea 茶; milk 牛奶; 名词根据是否能够用数字来计算,可以分为可

②肉类: meat 肉; beef 牛肉; 数名词和不可数名词。

fish 鱼,鱼肉; pork 猪肉; chicken (一) 可数名词 可数名词有单数和复数两

鸡肉 ; 种形式。单数名词一般情况下要与表示量的单

③数不尽:rice米; hair 头发; 词a(an)连用,

④连成一片:bread 面包; paper 纸; 复数名词的复数形式变化有规则变化和不规则

glass 玻璃; ice冰; 变化之分。

⑤唯一的:world 世界; moon 月亮; 名词复数形式的规则变化表 nature 自然 例句 情况 改法 ⑥其他的:fruit ; money钱; 一般情况 加-s girl-girls 水果book-books homework作业; housework家cat-cats 务;brush-brushes, 以-s,-sh,-x,-ch结尾的单加-es bus-buses Chocolate 巧克力 music音词 box-boxes 乐 wind 风 watch-watches snow雪 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词 变y为i,再加-es family-families (3).名词的-‵s格和of格 baby-babies 名词的所有格是指名词中表示所有关系的形以-f或-fe结尾的单词 变f或fe为v,再加-es wolf-wolves 式,它是名词中除单复数之外的重点考查内容。 knife-knives 在表示人或物品的所属关系时,就需要用到名以-o结尾的单词 无生命的,加-s radio-radios 词的所有格,所有格通常有两种形式:-‘s格zoo-zoos 和of格。 photo-photos (一)-‘s格 有生命的名词它的所有格一有生命的,加-es tomato-tomatoes 般用-‘s格来表示,名词的-’s格形式有一定potato-potaoes 的规则: 名词复数形式的不规则变化表

took taught told thought would taking 改法 teaching 改变中间原因telling thinking 无 词尾加-en或-ren 单复数形式相同 writing 拿到 教 man-men 告诉 mouse-mice 想;认为;思考 tooth-teeth 意愿 表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不例词 可用程度副词修饰。 Jim’s book 吉姆的书 大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。Mike’s sister 迈克的书 例如:afraid 害怕的。 以-s结尾的复数名词 名词的末尾加-‵ teachers‵ book老师们的书 his parents(错) ‵He is an ill man. presents 他父母(对) 的礼物The man is ill. the people(错)‵ s rights She is an afraid 词尾不是-s的复数名名词的末尾加-‵s 人民 的权girl .(对) The girl is 词 利 afraid. the children‵s books 孩子们的这类词还有: well,unwell,ill,faint,书 afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 拥几个人共同拥有在最后一个人名后加-‵s Lily and Lucy‵s room 等。 莉莉和露西共有一个房间 有一件东西 3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词东每个人分别拥有在每个人名后各加-‵s Lily‵s and Lucy‵s rooms 的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾西某物 莉莉和露西各有一个房间 的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:时 something nice 表示店铺或某人的家 所有格-‵s后面通常不出现the butcher‵s 肉铺 (2)、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 它所修饰的词,名词所有格直the Whites‵ 怀特家 (一)、形容词的比较级 接表示具体的意义 1)、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物无生命的名词它的所有格一般用of组成的短

或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单语来表示, 词than。 如:the library of our school 我们学校的

比较级的句子结构通常是: 图书馆,the first lesson of this term 这

A + 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词学期的第一课。

比较级 + than(比)+B ,如: 3、 形容词(包括副词)

I'm taller and heavier than you. (我(1)、形容词表示某一事物或的特征,副词表

比你更高和更重。) 示某一动作的特征。

An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质

只大象比一只老虎更大。) 或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和

比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前

饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语面。

中可用宾格)。 1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容

2)、形容词加er的规则: 词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度

① 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - 副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例

taller , strong - stronger , 如:hot 热的。

② 以e结尾的,直接加r ,如 fine - The new student comes from

finer , Japan. (用作定语)

③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再The English story is very

加er,如funny - funnier interesting. (用作表语)

④以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,Don't keep the door open. His

双写最后的字母再加er, success made him happy. (用作宾语

补足语) 如big--bigger, thin--thinner ,

2) 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为hot–-hotter, sad--sadder, fat—情况 一般情况 改法 名词的末尾加-‵s fatter 3)、不规则形容词比较级:

good--better, beautiful--more beautiful, expensive--more expensive 4)、形容词比较级的用法

①、在\"...than...\"句中: He is taller than I. (口语中常作:He is taller than me.)他比我高。He is two heads taller than I.他比我高出两个头。

②、在\"which..., ...or...?\"句中,表示两者比较:

Which is bigger, the sun or the moon?太阳和月亮,哪一个更大?

③、比较级+and+比较级:

It's getting darker and darker.天越来越黑了。

He is getting more and more interested in sports.他对体育越来越感兴趣。

④、The more..., the more...:

The more you eat, the more you want.你越吃越想要。

⑤、形容词比较级前可受 much, far, a lot, still, no, a little, even, any 修饰,表示超出的程度:

We have a much better life now.我们现在的日子好得多了。

The buildings look far uglier in London than here.伦敦的建筑比这儿的难看得多。

This story is even more interesting than that one.这个故事比那个更有趣。

I made a lot more mistakes than you (did).我犯的错误比你多多了。

Your cake is a little larger than mine.你的蛋糕比我的大一点儿。

It's still colder today.今天更冷一些。 -Have you any more? -Oh, sorry, no more.-你还有吗?-哦,对不起,没有了。

(二)、副词的比较级 1).形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)

⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后。

⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后。

2).副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同

注意:1、比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。

典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长。)

比较的两者是我的头发、你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性。

应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.

2、同级比较:如果比较的两者是一样的时候,我们会用 as…as…这个词组。

它的用法是:A+be+as+形容词原形+as+B,意思是A和B一样……。如:

I'm as tall as you.(我和你一样高。) My feet are as big as yours.(我的脚和你的一样大。)

3、形容词和副词只有两种形式:原形和+er。未作比较的情况下就用原形,比较时就+er。

两个重要特征:as……as中间一定用原形,有than的时候一定+er。

(三)、最高级: 1)、形容词的最高级变化类似于比较级,只是把词尾的er改成est,如:

tall (原形)- taller (比较级)- tallest(最高级) big (原形)- bigger(比较级)-biggest(最高级)

2)、除此之外,还有几个特殊的单词,它的比较级和最高级都是不规则。如:

many / much(原形)- more(比较级)- most(最高级) little / few(原形) - less (比较级)- least(最高级)

good(原形) - better(比较级) - best(最高级) bad (原形) - worse(比较级) - worst(最高级)

far (原形)-- further-- furthest 4、 代词

代 词 人称主格 代 词 宾格 第一人称 第二人称 单数 第三人称 例:They help me a lot./ Donlook at him. 复数 ’t ③、人称代词用法口诀: 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 I me 我 人称代词主宾格,作用不同莫用错。主格动词you he she it we you they 前做主,动词介词后宾格。You和it主宾同,其他主宾须分清。 you you him her it us them 人称代词并列现,尊重他人礼当先。单数人称你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他/她/它们 二三一,复数人称一二三。若把错误责任担,第一人称我靠前。 your his her its our your ④、人称代词的用法: 语动词之前。 yours his hers its ours yours 例如: their 物主形容词my 代 词 性名词性 mine 我的 1)人称代词主格用来作主语,一般放在谓theirs I am from China. We are 你的 他的她的它的 我们的 我来自中国。你们的 他/她/它们good friends.我们是好朋友。 的 He often plays basketball on the playground.反 身 代 词 他经常在操场上打篮球。 Themselves myselfyourshimself/herselfourselyourse2)人称代词宾格用来作宾语,放在动词我自己 elf/itselves我他l/她/它们或介词的后面。 你自己 例如: f 们自己 v自Mr.Wang teaches us English.王老师教我们英他/她/它自己 e己 语。Let me help you.让我来帮你。 sWhat’s wrong with him ?他怎么了? 3)两个或两个以上的人称代词并列作主你们自语时,排列顺序为:单数人称二、三、一,复己数人称一、二、三。 指 示 代 词 1)人称代词

this 这个 例如: these 这些 You ,she and I are good friends.我,你和that 那个 她都是好朋友。 those 那些 We,you and they all like music.我们,你们和他们都喜欢音乐。

4)当I与其他词语一起并列作主语时,I要放在后面,但承认错误时,I要放在前面。 例如:

She and I are in the same school.她和我在同一个学校。

I and he make mistakes.我和他犯了错误。

人称代词:有主格和宾格之分。一般动词前用主格,动词后用宾格。

①、主格:句中做主语,一般用在动词前(疑问句除外)。

例:I have a dog. / They help me a lot./ ②、宾格:在句中做宾语,多用于动词、介词后。

2)、物主代词

物主代词:有两类:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。

①、形容词性物主代词:作用相当于形容词,放在名词前面

例:my dog/ our teacher / his son / its eyes ②、名词性物主代词:作用相当于一个名词 例:This is mine(=my thing). / My mother is as kind as yours(=your mother). ③、物主代词用法口诀:

物主代词分两种,形容词性名词性。形容词性能力差,自己不能来当家。句子当中作定语,身后定把名词加。

物主代词名词性,相当名词可单用。句中充当主宾表,身后没有名词影。两种代词形不同,添个 s 形变名。

His,its不用变,my变mine要记清。 ④、物主代词的用法:

形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,在句中只能作定语,后面一定要跟一个名词; 名词性物主代词相当于一个名词,不能用在名词之前,可单独使用,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。 例: These

are

our

Her parents are doctors.

例:have a good time Enjoy yourself! 5、 数量词

表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。 (1)、基数词

1)基数词写法和读法: 345 three hundred and forty-five;

2)基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:

a. 与of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连 用,如scores of people 指许多人; b. 在一些表示\"一排\"或\"一组\"的词组里;

如:They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的到达了。 c. 表示\"几十岁\";

d. 表示\"年代\",用 in +the +数词复数; e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.

1- one 11- eleven 10- ten 21 twenty-one

2- two 12- twelve

books.

20- twenty 32 thirty-two

This is my pen. Yours is on the desk.

3- three 13- thirteen

The bike is his. It’s not mine. 3)、反身代词 反身代mysel词:

f

习惯用法::

30- thirty 43 forty-three

himself/herseourselyourselthemsel

yourself 4- four 14- fourteen

lf/itself ves ves ves

40- forty 54 fifty-four

1、do sth. by oneself 独立做某事

5- five 15- fifteen 例:I can do the cleaning by myself.

2、help yourself/yourselves 请随意 50- fifty 65 sixty-five 例:Help yourselves!

6- six 16- sixteen 3、enjoy oneself 过得快乐

60- sixty 76 seventy-six

年粮食产量增加8%。

d. 还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍

7- seven 17- seventeen The production of grain has been 70- seventy 87 eighty- seven

increased by four times this year.今年粮

食产量增加了4倍。 8- eight 18- eighteen 2)分数表示法 80- eighty 98 ninety -eight

构成:基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。分子大于1时,分子的序数词用单数,分母序

数词用复数: 9- nine 19- nineteen 90- ninety 99 ninety-nine

10- ten 20- twenty

100- one hundred 100- one hundred (2)、序数词

序数词的前面一般都加the。

如: the first 第一名,the second 第二名 , the tenth 第十名

序数词的缩写形式: first---1st second---2nd third—3rd fourth---4th fifth---5th

Sixth---6th thirty-first---31st (3)、 数词的用法 1)倍数表示法

a. 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as

I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。

b. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount,length…) of…

The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。

c. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than…

The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.今年比去

1/3 one-third ; 3/37 three and three-sevenths

6、 冠词 (1)、不定冠词:a、an。用在单数名词前,

表示“一个,一件……”。an用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。

如:an e-mail, an orange, an old man,

an English watch, an hour…

(2)、定冠词:the。用在单数或者复数名词前。the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法: (1)用来表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。

如:The map on the wall is new.

(2)表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如:Look at the picture, please. (3)表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如:This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful. (4)用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如:the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球

(5)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:the Great Wall长城

(6)用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如:the Changjiang River长江

有a、an、the。a和an的区别:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母a e i o u)前,a用于辅音音素前。 二、句型:

类别 陈述句 肯定 用法 叙述一件事情或 说明说话人的看法 否定 他+don't+动词+其他 标点 ②主语例句 am is are was were)+not、 .be 动词(This is a bag. 情态动词(can may shall will could That's my book. might should would must) + notI can’t see a bag over 、 助动词 (do does did) + not there. 2、一般疑问句。(一般疑问句,用什么问就用I don't know. 疑问句 一般 用于提出问题 什么答)。 Are you a student? ? 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句: Do you like puppets? 用于提出问题 特殊 选择 反意 祈使句 用于提出问题 用于提出问题 表示命令或请求、建议 感叹句 表示惊讶\\赞美\\愤怒 等强烈情感 1、肯定句:句子结构有两种: 1、看句中有无be动词(am is are was Can you speak English? were),如有,把be动词提到句首即可。 2、看句中有无情态动词(can may shall What's your name? will could might should would),如? 有,把情态动词提到句首即可。Where's my bag? 3、如上述二者都没有,就应把助动词 (do

How many trees are there? does did) 提到句首。 Is your friend a boy or a girl? ? 分四个步骤:(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加

(某人或某物)后, ? 上去,位置在主语It's a fine day, isn't it? 动词前。

(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词Put it here! .或! 是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过Look at the noticeboard. 去式的助动词就有did。 (3)把助动词后提到句首。 How smart! (4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。 Glad to see you! ! 强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。 Some和any都是“一些”的意思,What a nice pencil case! some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句中。

3、特殊疑问句。(根据问题具体回答)。 表示疑问,有疑问词(在开头),回答有很多种可能。 常用疑问词: 疑问词 意思 ①主语+be(am is are)/情态动词(can、could)+其他

②主语+动词+其他(包括:主语(第三人称单数)+动词单三+其他

2、否定句: ①主语+be/情态动词+not+其

When What time Who Whose Where Which Why What What colour What about What day What date What for How How old How many How much 什么时间 什么时间 谁 谁的 在哪里 哪一个 为什么 什么 什么颜色 ……怎么样 星期几 什么日期 为何目的 4、祈使句 问时间表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事。 问具体时间,如几点钟 肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头(有时有please),否定的祈使句一定是don’t加动词问人 原形开头(有时有please)。 问主人 把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加don’t即可。例如:Don’t play on the road. 问地点 三、时态 (一)、一般现在时 问选择 1、一般现在时的功能 (1)表示事 物或人物的特征、状态。 问原因问目的 如: We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在……怎样 问情况 动词后加“-s”或“-es”。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 多大年纪 问年纪 3、一般现在时的变化 多少数量(可数名词) ( 1) be问数量动词的变化。 否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。 如:He is 多少钱;多少数量(不可数问多少钱或数量(不可数)not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。 如:-Are you 名词) a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I‘m not. 特……怎么样 如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 问东西、事物(2)表示经常性 或习惯性的动作。

如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

示客观现实。

(3问颜色)表如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳问意见 转。 2、一般现在时的构成问星期几 (1) be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。问日期 如: I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 (2)行为动词:主语+行为动词+其它。

殊疑问句:疑问词is 问意见 +一般疑问句。 如:Where my bike? (2)行为动词的变化。 How often 多久 问频率 否定句:主语+ don’t( doesn‘t ) +动词原形How long 多长时间 问时间长度 (+其它)。 如: I don’t like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn‘t构成否How far 多远 问多远;多长距离 定句。 如: He doesn’t often play.

Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。 例如:-----Whose book is it? 一般疑问句:

如:- Do you often play

football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don‘t. ------It’s my book..

How about 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。

如: - Does she go to

work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.

特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work? 4、动词+s的变化规则

(1)一般情况下,直接加-s, 如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)

⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)

⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 3.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化(句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子)

肯定句 : 主语 + 动词的过去式 . (2)以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es, 如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies。 5、注意:

(1)一般现在时中的be动词: 一般用原形:am is are am用于第一人称单数(I); is用于第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben his sister等);

are用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the children 、 his parents等)。

(2)一般现在时中的动词:

第一种情况:主语是第三人称单数(he she it 和其他,如Helen 、her cousin 等),动词后一般加s或es。

第二种情况:主语不是第三人称单数,动词都用原形。

(3)一般现在时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般现在时):

△be动词是am、is、are △动词用原形或加s、es

△没有时间状语或有usually、often、everyday、sometimes等不是具体的时间 (二)、一般过去时 1.一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

I watched a film last Sunday .

否定句 : 主语+ didn’t + 动词原形.

I didn’t watch a film last Sunday .

一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 ?

Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . /No , I didn’t . (在句首加did,

句子中的动词过去式变回原形)。

特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形? What did you do last Sunday ?

⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?

如:Who went to home yesterday? 4.动词过去式变化规则:

①一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

②结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

③末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped ④以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied

⑤不规则动词过去式:

am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 5.注意:

(1)一般过去时中的be动词:was were

was用于第一人称单数(I)和第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben 、 his

sister等);

were用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括意:be 动词要与主语的人称和数一致,

如:I am going to do some reading tomorrow. 第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the children 、 his parents等)。

(2)一般过去时中的动词:一般只有一种情况:+ed

这里强调一点,和一般现在时不同的是这里不管主语是第几人称,也不管是单数和复数都加ed。 (3)一般过去时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般过去时):

△be动词是was、were

△动词+ed △有表示过去的时间状语 现在学过的常用的表示过去的时间状语有: just now a moment ago yesterday last week last night last weekend last year last month three days ago two weeks ago five years ago this morning (三)、一般将来时 1、一般将来时的定义:一般将来时表示在将来时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态,与表示将来的时间连用。 tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。如:She will visit Shanghai tomorrow. 2、一般将来时的构成

1)一般将来时有两种构成形式: ①主语+shall/will+do

②主语+ be going to + do 在表示“打算到某地去时”由于谓语动词go与going重复,一般可以

只说be going to a place。 3、一般将来时的用法 1).主语+shall/will+do (will可用于所有人称,shall只用于第一人称I和we) 这种结构不是表示自己的打算、意图或计划,而是表示未来的事实或对将来的预测等。 如:No one will do heavy work. Roberts will do everything for us. 2).主语+ be going to + do这种结构常用来表达自己打算做某事、计划做某事或者有意做某事。注He is going to have a piano lesson next week.

We are going to have a party this Friday. 4、通常情况下will 和 be going to能互换,但是be going to 与will 用法的也是有点区别的 1). 只用will不用be going to的情况:

①表示对未来时间与年龄的推测时,如:Tomorrow will be Monday. She will be thirteen next year.

②表示必然发生时,如:Fish will die without water. People will

die if all green plants die.

2).只用be going to而不用will的情况: 如果表示已有迹象表明在不久的将来要发生的事情时,如:Look at those black clouds, It’s

going to rain. 5、某些动词,如:go/come/leave/start/begin/arrive等,它们的现在进行时可以表示将来时, 如:They are leaving for Shanghaitomorrow. My brother is coming here soon. 6、一般将来时的句式变换

1)、肯定句:主语+shall/will+do 主语+ be going to + do 2)、否定句:主语+shall/will+not+do(will not 可缩写成won’t) 主语+ be+ not+ going to +do 在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或情态动词will后加not或直接用won’t。 如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.

I will go to have a picnic tomorrow.→I will not/won't go to have a picnic tomorrow. 3)、一般疑问句:shall/will+主语+ do be+主语+going to+do be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。

如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend.→ Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 4)、特殊疑问句:疑问词+ shall/will+主语+do

疑问词+be+主语+going to+do

对划线部分提问。一般情况下,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。

1. 问人。Who 如:I’m going to New York soon.→Who’s going to New York soon?

2. 问干什么。What 如:My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.→What is your father going to do with you this afternoon?

3. 问什么时候。When 如:She’s going to go to bed at nine.→When is she going to bed? 注意:

(1)构成形式:be going to +动词原形, will + 动词原形

(2)一般将来时表示动作即将发生或某人打算做某事。

(3)句中往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等词。 (四)、现在进行时 1.意义:表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2.构成:be (am, is ,are )+动词-ing形式 肯定句: 主语 + be + 动词-ing + 其他. 如:I’m doing my homework now . 否定句:主语+be+not+动词-ing +其他.(现在进行时的否定句在be后加not)如:I’m not doing my homework now. 一般疑问句:Be+主语+动词-ing +其他?(现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首) 如:Are you doing your home work now? Yes, I am . No , I’m not . 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他? 如:What are you doing now ? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为: 特殊疑问词+ be + 动词ing? 3. 现在分词的构成(动词加ing的变化规则): (1)一般在动词末尾直接加ing, (2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加ing,如 skate →skating make →making dance → dancing (3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing, 如: putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging sitting getting

4.时间标志——now,句前的look ,listen 5.注意:

(1)构成形式:Be动词+动词的ing形式

这里强调一点,两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。

(2)现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生。

(3)有用的依据:一个句子中既有be动词,又有动词,且动词加了ing ←→ 该句是现在进行时 (4)句中往往有now、look、listen等词。 四、作文

My English Teacher

Miss Yang is my English teacher. She’s very pretty. She is tall and thin. She has two big eyes and a small mouth. Her hair is long. She likes cats very much. And she likes singing and dancing, too. Her English is very good. We often play games in English classes. She is very kind to us. We all love her. My Days of the week I’m a student and I am in Grade 5.I get up at six o’clock every day. I have breakfast at half past six, and go to school at seven o’clock. I have classes from Monday to Saturday. I have an English class on Friday and I have a PE class on Tuesday. I don’t have to go to school on school, and I like to go swimming on that day. My Favourite Food Do you know what this is? Guess! Its colour is yellow. It’s long and thin. It looks like a small boat and crescent. Oh, it is a banana. Do you know what that is? Guess again! Its colour is orange. It’s

round. It looks like a small ball and a small lantern. Oh, it is an orange. I like then a lot. I like ice-creams. I like to chew gum. Chocolates and candies are yummy. I like them very much. How about you? What’s your favourite food?

I can help do housework

I am a girl. My name is Li Ling. I’m in Class Three, Grade Five. I’m helpfulat home. I can water the flowers, empty the trash and sweep the floor. After meals,I can help my mother do the dishes. On Sunday, I can wash the clothes. What about you? Are you helpful, too?

My weekend

There are two days on the weekend, Saturday and Sunday. On Saturday, I often go

to my dancing class in the morning and do my homework in the afternoon, and I often help my mother do some cleaning. On Sunday, I always visit my grandparents in the morning and do some reading in the afternoon. After dinner, I often watch TV with my parents. At that time, we can talk with each other and say something

happily. We often have a good time.

My Birthday Party

Every year, when it’s birthday, my parents hold a party for me. They invite my friend to come to my house to celebrate my

birthday. I can get many beautiful gifts every year.

In my party, we can do many things: 1. Light the candles.

2. Sing a “Happy Birthday” song. 3. Make a wish.

4. Blow out the candles. 5. Cut off the cake. 6. Eat the cake. 7. Open the presents. 8. Sing and dance.

9. Watch videos or play other games. 10. Say goodbye with each other. That’s my birthday party, is it interesting?

My family

There are five people in my family. They are my grandma, grandpa, dad, mom and I. Look! Grandma is watching TV. Grandpa is reading a book. Dad is writing an e-mail. Mom is cooking dinner. I am doing my homework. I love my family!

In the park

It is sunny today .My mother, my father and I are going to the park. We like the park very much. It is very big and beautiful .There are many trees and flowers in it. Many people like to go there. Look! An old man is sitting on the chair. He is reading a book carefully. Two boys are jumping on the ground. Their mothers are talking with each other. Two birds are flying in the sky. The ducks are swimming in the river. They are very happy. What is the cat doing? Oh, it is running after a mouse. It’s a poor mouse.

Li Ying ’S Hobby

Li Ying likes English very much. She works hard at it. She reads English every morning. She likes speaking English. She often listens to the radio. She watches TV only on Saturday evening.

Does she like dancing? No, she doesn’t. But she likes drawing and singing. Her parents love her. And all the teachers and her friends like her, too. She says her hobbies make her happy.

I Love My Family

Here is a photo lf my family. These are four people in my family. They are my father, my mother, my brother and I.

My father is a doctor. He works in a hospital far away. He goes to work by subway. My mother is a teacher. She works in a school near my home. She goes to work by bike. After work, they like reading books. Who is the tall boy? He is my brother. He is five years older than me. He is a singer. He’s now in Beijing. He goes there by plane. I love my family.

Planting Trees

It’s spring. It’s time to plant trees.

I want to plant a tree in our garden. Dad and Mum are very happy. They like green. Dad helps me plant the tree. First, we dig the soil. Then I put a little tree into the soil. Next I water it. I am so excited and I wait for the tree to grow. Two weeks later, my tree has some little leaves. I water it every day. Now it has lots of leaves. It grows fast.

We should plant more trees. They make our world beautiful.

Let’s have a nice day

It’s Sunday tomorrow .I’m going to the bookstore with my friends tomorrow morning .We are going to look for some good books .We all like reading books .We are going to eat our lunch at the restaurant. I like chicken, beef and vegetables .After lunch, we are going to the Summer Palace by bus. We are going

to play near the Kunming Lake. Maybe we are going to row a boat on the lake .Wow, that will be relaxing. We are coming back at 5pm.

My friend and I

I’ve got a lovely friend at school. His name is Jack. Jack is 12 years old now. I’m 11. He’s older than me. He’s 150 cm tall. I’m 148 cm. He’s taller and stronger. He’s 43 kg and I’m 41 kg. He’s heavier. We’ve got round faces and short hair. But my eyes are bigger and my legs are longer. Our favourite colours are white and blue. We like summer best. We both like sports, too. On Saturdays, we play table tennis. On Sundays, we play basketball. He’s good at basketball. But I do better at table tennis. We laugh and play together. How happy we are!

A Bad Cold

I’m not feeling well today. I think I have a bad cold. I have a headache. I have a fever. My nose hurts. My throat is sore. I have to take some medicine and stay in bed. My parents will take me to the hospital. What a bad cold! I hope I can be better soon. And I want to go to school.

Tom’s Holiday

Tom went to Beijing by plane on his holiday. Every day he had fun with his parents. They went to the Nature Park. They saw elephants. They went swimming. They ate lots of delicious food. They also took many beautiful pictures. They will come back home tomorrow. In a word, they enjoy their holiday.

A Post Card from John

Dear Sarah,

This post card shows you a picture from my holiday. We got Kunming on Wednesday. On the first day we visited Stone Forest. It’s very beautiful. I love it very much. On Thursday Kathy and I got lost in the city. We asked a policeman for help. He helped us find the hotel. On Friday we went to a small village. We saw folk dances and ate some fresh vegetables from the farm. We enjoyed ourselves. Last day we went shopping ane bought some presents for friends. Tomorrow we will be back home. John

A Farewell Party

It’s the end of the school year. The students in Class Three have a farewell party. They invite their parents to the party. Many students have performance at the party.

Look! Chen Jie is singing songs. Zhang Peng is playing the piano. Sarah is playing the erhu. Mike is doing Chinese Kung fu. What is Miss White doing? She is dancing. Everybody has a lot of fun. But Liu Yun isn’t here. She has a cold. She is at home. The classmates are going to visit her after party. They prepare many gifts fot her. And they will take a picture together.

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