英 语
本试卷共8页，三大题，满分135分。考试用时120分钟。
第一部分 语言知识及应用（共两节,满分45分）1~5 CBCBA 6~10 BBCCA 11~15 CBACA
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分）
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从1～15小题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Electronic books have changed the way many people read for pleasure. Now online textbooks are changing the way some students 1 and some teachers teach.
More than 175,000 students 2 the public schools in Fairfax County, Virginia, outside Washington. Last year, the school system used digital 3 in fifteen schools. This school year, middle schools and high schools changed from 4 to electronic textbooks in their social studies classes.
Luke Rosa is a history teacher at Falls Church High School. His 5 work on school laptop computers. He explains the idea to them this way: \"I mean, it's just like a 6 textbook, except it's got it all online.\"
Peter Noonan, a leader of schools, says with electronic textbooks, publishers can quickly 7 the content with the latest information. He says: \"The world's changing 8 . And the online textbooks can change right along with the events that are happening.\" He says digital books also cost 9 than printed textbooks: \"Usually it's in the neighborhood of between fifty and seventy dollars to 10 a textbook for each student, which adds up to 11 eight million dollars for all of our students in Fairfax County. We 12 have purchased all of the online textbooks for our students for just under six million dollars.\"
But the students also need 13 to the Internet when they are not at school. About ten percent of students in Fairfax County do not have a computer or online access at 14 . Stephen Castillo is one of them. He has to go the public library, which has free 15 . 1.A.read B. behave C. learn D. speak 2.A.visit B. attend C. desire D. leave 3.A.cameras B. libraries C. books D. data 4.A. ordered B. printed C. used D. priced 5.A. students B. colleagues C. leaders D. friends 6.A. digital B. regular C. popular D. different 7.A. present B. update C. charge D. provide 8.A. peacefully B. steadily C. consistently D. unnoticeably 9.A. higher B. more C. less D. better 10.A. buy B. download C. rent D. record 11.A. exactly B. permanently C. roughly D. doubtfully 12.A. unwillingly B. actually C. hopefully D. fortunately 13.A. access B. approach C. entrance D. admission
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14.A. school B. work C. home D. hand 15.A. Internet B. seats C. textbooks D. homework 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）
阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16～25的相应位置上。
Online shopping is coming into fashion in most cities, where people are able to make full use of the rapidly-developed internet technology. Nowadays, can we find a person 16 has not experienced online shopping? Definitely not.
Online shopping 17 (welcome) by most people due to various reasons. From the perspective of consumer, it can save some time for people who don’t have much spare time. Just click the mouse, they can get 18 they want while staying at home. For the retailers, it can cut some costs for those who don’t have much circulating funds. 19 (compare) with the traditional trade mode, they don’t have to spend money in renting a house. 20 , here are still some disadvantages in online shopping. First, a face-to-face deal makes online shopping less 21 (rely) and trustworthy. Second, people will lose 22 fun of bargain. 23 is undeniable that shopping on the internet has become an irresistible trend in modern society. It’s of great urgency that we need to make the relative laws 24 the rapid growth of online shopping. Only in this way can we enjoy the pleasure and 25 (convenient) of online shopping without the concern of being cheated.
第二部分：阅读（共两节,满分50分）
第一节: 阅读理解 （共20小题；每小题2分,满分40分） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
I never thought I would have a life-changing experience at Wal-Mart.
Although my thoughts were only on speed, the checkout line I was standing in wasn’t moving as quickly as I wanted, and I glanced toward the cashier.
There stood a man in his seventies, wearing glasses and a nice smile. I thought, well, he’s an old guy!
For the next few minutes I watched him. He greeted every customer before scanning the items. Sure, his words were the usual, “How’s it going?” But he did something different - he actually listened to people. Then he would respond to what they had said and engage them in brief conversation.
I thought it was odd. I has grown accustomed to people asking me how I was doing simply out of robotic conversational habit. After a while, you don’t give any thought to the question and just mumble something back. I could say, “I just found out I have six months to live,” and someone would reply, “Have a great day!”
But that wasn’t the end.
He gave them the change, walked around the counter, and extended his right hand in an act of friendship. He looked the customers in the eyes. “I sure want to thank you for shopping here today,” he told them. “You have a great day. Bye-bye.”
The looks on the faces of the customers were priceless. There were smiles and some sheepish grins. All had been touched by his simple gesture - and in a place they never expected. They would gather their things and walk out, smiling.
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Of course, he did the same to me and I got to know his name, Marty.
Who was that guy? It was as if Sam Walton had come back from the dead and invaded this old guy’s body.
I had never walked away from that shop feeling like that.
26. The checkout line the writer was standing in moved slower than expected because ______. A. the cashier couldn’t work as fast as others B. the cashier did more than scanning the items C. there were some big purchases D. the writer was not patient enough
27. According to the writer, when common people ask you “How’s it going?” . A. they don’t expect to hear any negative answers B. they are just practicing their conversation ability C. they are inquiring about your private information D. they don’t really care what you may answer
28. What was most customers’ reaction to Marty’s behaviors?
A. They thought it priceless. B. They felt somewhat offended. C. They thought it awful and odd. D. They were in some way moved. 29. What can we infer about Sam Walton?
A. He might be friendly and devoted to Wal-Mary. B. He might be Marty’s father or grandfather.
C. He might have died while working in the market. D. He might have come back from the dead once before. 30. What does the writer intend to express though the text? A. Our everyday life is always full of surprises. B. Most customers enjoy being treated this way. C. A little positive action can make a big difference. D. Being different is a good way of doing business.
B
Eat nuts, live longer. Researchers have found that those who eat a handful of peanuts every day significantly decrease their risk of dying from all causes compared to those who do not eat nuts. A new study concludes that all types of nuts seem to be protective.
Researcher Ying Bao is with the Department of Medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard University Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. She and her colleagues looked at the impact of nut consumption by analyzing two huge studies that began in 1980 - the Nurses’ Health Study, which tracks the well-being of more than 76,000 women, and 42,000 men enrolled in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.
Among the questions asked at the beginning of the studies was, “how frequently do you eat nuts?” The information was updated every two to four years. Bao says the participants were followed for three decades.
“What we observed is that people who eat more nuts are less likely to die over the next 30 years,\" said Bao. \"So, for example, if a person eat(s) nuts once per day, that person has a 20 percent lower risk of dying.”
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Bao says eating a handful of nuts five or more times per week was associated with a 29 percent reduced risk of dying from heart disease and an 11 percent lower risk of cancer death. A serving size is 28 grams.
Nuts contain nutrients, including high quality proteins, vitamins and minerals, all of which have anti-cancer effects and may help protect the heart.
Bao says researchers are planning studies to find out how nuts are beneficial to human health. The study on the health benefits of nuts was funded by the International Tree Nut Council Research and Education Foundation. 31. People who often eat nuts ________.
A. are more likely to live longer than people who often eat fruits B. don’t need to go to hospital C. don’t have to do sports
D. may live longer than people who don’t eat nuts
32. The underlined word “well-being” in Paragraph 2 shares the same meaning as “________”. A. illness B. habit C. diet D. health 33. About Bao’s research, which statement is true? A. She has done the research by herself. B. Her research lasted about three years. C. Her research was based on two studies.
D. People should eat all kinds of nuts every day. 34. Eating nuts may help us stay away from ________.
A. headache B. fever C. flu D. cancer 35. The passage is most probably from a journal of ___________.
A. diet B. entertainment C. sports D. science
C
It is one of the most annoying words in the English language and it seems there is no escaping it. The word “huh?” is in worldwide use, a study found.
Researchers discovered that languages spoken in countries from Ghana and Laos to Iceland and Italy all include “huh?”, or something that sounds very like it. They said that while the study may sound silly, the word is an absolutely necessary part of speech. Without it and similar words, it would be impossible to show that we haven’t heard or understood what had been said and this would lead to constant misunderstandings.
But while other words used in the same context, such as “sorry” or “what”, vary widely across languages, “huh?” remains unchanged.
The Dutch researchers carefully studied ten languages from around the world, including Siwu, which is spoken in Ghana, and an Australian Aboriginal language, as well as Italian, Spanish, Dutch and Mandarin Chinese.
They analyzed tapes of recorded conversations for words that sounded like “huh?” and were used to request that whatever had just been said be repeated. All contained a version of “huh?”. The word was also found in another 21 languages. While there were subtle differences in each country, all sounded basically the same.
This is surprising because normally unrelated languages will use very different words to describe the same thing. For instance, the Japanese for “dog” is “inu”, while the French is “chien”.
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It is thought that languages around the world have developed their own version of “huh?” because the sound is quick and simple to form, as well as being easily understood.
The researchers, said that it might seem unimportant to carry out scientific research into a word like “huh?” but in fact this little word is an essential tool in human communication. They also have an answer for those who claim that “huh?” isn’t a word. They say that it qualifies because of the small differences in its pronunciation in different languages. It also can be considered a word because it’s something we learn to say, rather than a grunt or cry that we are born knowing how to make.
36. According to researchers, the word “huh?” is very important in speech because of ________. A. its stable meaning in language development B. its popularity in every language
C. its simple and easy sound and spelling D. its important function in communication
37. What is the natural response if you hear the lady you’re speaking to say “huh?”? A. You should try to repeat what you’ve just said in a clearer way. B. You should apologize to her for speaking in a low voice. C. You should invite her to share her different views politely. D. You should ask her to repeat what she says before that.
38. The main method used in the research of “huh?” was ________. A. interviewing language experts in universities
B. analyzing the recorded conversations in different languages C. talking with people from ten different countries
D. comparing different words with the same meaning in different languages
39. According to researchers, “huh?” should be considered a word rather than a sound because ________.
A. it is listed in most dictionaries
B. there is a clear and consistent spelling of the word C. it is something humans learn to say
D. there is a big difference in the way it pronounces in different languages 40. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To entertain readers by relating similar idioms in different languages. B. To argue that “huh?” is the most important word in every language. C. To inform readers about research on the worldwide used word “huh?”. D. To instruct readers of the differences of “huh?” in different languages.
D
Feeling blue about the world? “Cheer up,” says science writer Matt Ridley. “The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”
Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he’s carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. And this is what he’s set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book, The Rational Optimist. He views mankind as grand enterprise that, on the whole, has done little but progress for 100,000 years. He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.
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Here’s how he explains his views. 1）Shopping fuels invention
It is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty, our own generation has access to more nutritious food, more convenient transport, bigger houses, better cars, and, of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us. This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things. The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we’ll be.
2) Brilliant advances
One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs—food, clothing, fuel and shelter—have grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hour’s light cost six hours’ work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes’ work to pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today it’s half second.
3) Let’s not kill ourselves for climate change
Mitigating (减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil-fuel (化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by well-meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change. If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nose-bleed by putting a tourniquet (止血带) around our necks. 41. What is the theme of Ridley’s most recent book? A. Weakness of human nature. B. Optimism about human progress. C. Importance of practical thinking. D. Concern about climate change. 42. How does Ridley look at shopping?
A. It causes a poverty problem. B. It results in shortage of goods.
C. It demands more fossil fuels. D. It encourages the creation of things. 43. The candle and lamp example is used to show that__________. A. increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods B. shortening working time brings about a happier life C. advanced technology helps to produce better candles D. oil lamps give off more light than candles
44. What does the last sentence of the passage imply?
A. Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost. B. Careless medical treatment may cause great pain. C. People’s health is closely related to climate change. D. Overreaction to climate change may be dangerous.
45. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Matt Ridley doesn’t think the world is a good place to live in. B. Climate change won’t cause a child’s death.
C. People will have more freedom for the development of the world. D. Matt Ridley based his unique point of view on his long-term research. 第二节 信息匹配 (共5小题；每小题2分,满分10分)
阅读下列应用文及相关信息,并按照要求匹配信息。首先请阅读下列社会研究报告的文章标题及插图：
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A B Simple Way to Boost Marital Happiness? Say “Thank You”. “Thank You” goes a long way to keeping couples happy. Dads Struggle to Find Work—Life Balance Working dads say work - life balance is hard to find． C What Workers Want From Their Bosses… Besides Money Money isn’t everything, and they need recognition as well. D Bosses Say It Is, Indeed, Lonely at the Top CEOs of public firms say they feel especially isolated. Americans Say They are Healthy, But Not Wealthy Americans are evaluating the health of their personal finances with the same rigor as they do their physical health. Higher Housework Burden Stresses Women Unequal employment and pay add to mom’s stressors, because they make her feel the need to do more housework. E F 下面是这些研究报告的主要内容。请把相关的内容与它们的标题匹配起来。
46. Work appears to be taking its toll on the relationship between dads and their families, a new study finds. CareerBuilder’s annual Father’s Day survey found that 22 percent of fathers say their work has negatively affected relationships with their children, while 26 percent believe their job has hurt relationships with significant others.
47. U. S. workers are looking for a little pat on the back, according to a new study. The latest Globoforce Workforce Mood Tracker revealed that more than half of employees would leave their current job to go work for a company that recognized their efforts. The research shows a direct correlation between recognition and retention.
48. It’s lonely at the top, and CEOs know that better than anyone, according to a new poll. While being a CEO may come with prestige and financial benefits, a study by RHR International, a global executive talent development firm, revealed that the high, ranking position is often accompanied by isolation.
49. While women are doing less housework than they used to, they still take on the brunt of the household cleaning chores. New research indicates that this extra work stresses them out, and that stress worsens when there is salary or gender inequality present in the relationship. Though both men and women spend less time spent on domestic duties, women still take on a large amount of the work, studies show.
50. Saying “thank you” may be a simple way to boost marital happiness, new research suggests. This cycle of appreciation may also make for longer-lasting relationships.” Feeing appreciated by
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your partner influences how you act in your relationship, and how much you want to stay in that relationship,” study researcher told LiveScience.
第三部分：写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节： 基础写作 (共1小题，满分15分)
近日,网上就“高中毕业生的选择”进行了一次网上讨论。请根据以下信息,介绍讨论的情况。 【写作内容】 讨论背景：有些学生高中毕业后,考入大学继续学习,但有些学生却选择离开学校到社会就业。 支持者认为： 大学并非适合每个学生； 只要努力,在哪都能实现梦想； 社会需要各种各样的人才 反对者认为： 在大学他们能够学到更多的知识,将来能够获得更多、更好的机会； 高中生年龄太小,工作为时太早 【写作要求】 1. 只能用5句话表达全部写作内容； 2．必须包括所有写作内容。 【评分标准】 句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。 第二节 读写任务(共1小题，满分25分)
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Social Practice
Social practice has been more and more popular in schools. Senior school students are asked to enter society and get some ideas of it. Surely, social practice has many advantages. Firstly, social practice can offer students a chance to contact society and meet different kinds of people. In this way students can gain some precious social experience, which will be useful to their future career. Secondly, students can apply what they have learned in class to practical work, thus knowing themselves more clearly. Thirdly, social practice can bring them some financial reward and make them more independent of their family.
However, some problems may arise if no correct guidance is made. For example, some students get overly interested in social practice and want to work full-time and earn more money, thus neglecting their studies. And some students are likely to get in touch with the dark side of society, which will affect their future values.
In order to carry out social practice smoothly, students should first know their objective. They should put their studies in the first place and see social practice just as a useful supplement (补充), so they ought to try to strike a balance between social practice and their studies. 【写作内容】
1. 请以约30个词概括上文的内容；
2. 请以约120个词谈谈你对“社会实践”的看法,包括如下要点： (1) 谈谈社会实践的重要性；
(2) 你或你朋友所经历过的一次社会实践;
(3) 你认为如何协调好学习与社会实践的关系。 【写作要求】
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1. 可以用事例或者其他论述方法支持你的观点,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不能直接引用原文句子;
2. 作文中不能出现真实的姓名和学校名称。 【评分标准】
概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,篇章连贯。
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