虚拟语气练习答案

虚拟语气练习答案及解释

练习(一)

1. were (or: should be) 13. were

2. will hear 3. would have been injured 4. were 5. had not been 6. Were he (or: Should he be) 7. comes (or: should come) 8. know 9. don’t go 10. let 11. would feel 14. is

15. had been

17. had

18. were

19. eat

20. Should

21. will have

22. had rained

23. wouldn’t be getting

16. would have compensated

12. would have become

练习(二)

1. Should you fail, …

2. Had I followed your advice, …

3. Were he in luck (Should he be in luck), …

4. Had the bomb exploded, …

5. Were he late, …

6. Should you lose (Were you to lose) …

7. Should Mr. King not come tomorrow (Were Mr. King not to come tomorrow), …

练习(三)

1. If you had enough clothes on, you wouldn’t feel cold.

2. If there hadn’t been any passing showers, our picnic would have been perfect.

3. If I hadn’t got so much help from Ralph, I should not (would not) have done so well in the difficult examination.

4. If I were not engaged in writing an urgent report, I could go to the cinema with you.

5. If we hadn’t been walking for a whole day, we shouldn’t be feeling so tired now.

6. If Dylis hadn’t been practising Chinese constantly, he couldn’t speak it fluently.

7. If you had made everything clear to Keith and Josephine, they would have agreed to join us in our research project.

8. If I had money with me now, I could buy the camera.

9. If he had not left his new photos at home, he could show them to us now.

10. If he were not running a high fever, we could ask him to show up at the party.

11. If you hadn’t been careless, you wouldn’t have made such a silly mistake.

12. If Hob and Olaf had followed the right procedure, they wouldn’t have

failed in the experiment.

13. If Howard were not fastidious about his food and clothing, he would have deposited a lot of money in the bank.

14. If they had not built many reservoirs, the flood would have caused great damage to the people.

15. If the weather had not been favorable before, the wheat would not be growing so well now.

练习(四)

1. It is strange that he fail to…

2. The general ordered that women and children be evacuated…

3. He insisted that the boy stop doing…

4. We suggested that he start at once.

5. It is natural that such fears arise among…

6. It is a pity that she be so forgetful.

7. The supervisor recommended that all employees take a course in…

8. My doctor urges that he stop drinking…

9. The rule requires that all the clearks arrive…

10. The rule required that all the clerks arrive…

11. My friend has time and again advised that my son have a private tutor…

12. It is important that the regulations be revised.

13. He demanded that she leave the place…

14. They asked that she not call before 9:00 a.m.

15. I suggest that he wear a black suit…

16. I proposed that a series of discussions be started at once.

17. He proposes that the house be repaired.

18. It is desirable that he take charge of the class.

19. I desire that he call on me on Monday morning.

20. He recommended that the reader be on the lookout for idioms.

21. My idea is that we challenge them to a swimming contest.

22. What do you think of Patrick’s proposal that we give a school contest next Saturday evening?

注：练习(四) 1～22题主句中的那些动词。它们引导的宾语从句中谓语动词前都省去了should。在英式英语中should可不省，但在美式英语中以省略为宜。

练习(五)

1. I wish the children slept longer…

2. Mary wishes John came back a bit earlier from the office. He is…

3. We all wished we had not stayed to see…

4. I wish my car did not always rattle so much…

5. I wish the train had not arrived so late, then I could have got home…

6. They now wish they had worked harder at school. Then they…

7. I wish that you had not had such a bad headache because I’m sure…

8. I wish I had not been busy yesterday; I could have helped you with…

9. I wish I had gone (or: could have gone) with you last night.

10. I wish I had started to study mathematics years ago.

11. My grade on the examination is terrible, I wish I had studied for it more thoroughly.

12. I wish that the weather were not so warm.

13. She says she’d rather (she’s just as soon) he left tomorrow instead of today.

14. I’d rather you did not take those…

15. I’s just as soon you did not do anything about it for the time being.

16. It is high time your children knew their tables.

17. It is time we took strong action against them.

18. It is about time the police did away with gambling.

19. Supposing (or: Suppose) he never came. What would happen then?

20. Suppose (or: Supposing) I had done what you ask. What would have become of me?

21. Suppose (or: supposing) I did what you ask. What would become of me?

22. If only we had done as we were told. This would never have happened.

23. If only I could get something to do.

24. If only I had known then what I knew long afterwards!

25. If only Marx were still by my side to see this with his own eyes!

26. Would you were with us! (= Would that you were with us! =I wish you were with us)

27. I’d rather you had come yesterday.

28. I’d rather you came tomorrow.

29. He looks as if he were a doctor.

30. The two strangers talked as though they were old acquaintances.

练习(六)

1. C (the dinner would have been much better), 表与过去事实相反之假设。

2. C (weren’t dressed), 表与现在事实相反之假设。

3. D (had invited me), 表与过去事实相反之假设。

4. D (has no), 系跳层结构，but前省略了if she had money，but后面之分句应用陈述语气，表现在事实。

5. A (should), 主句系祈使语气，if从句中应用should。

6. B (Had he listened to me), 表与过去事实相反之假设。

7. C (had not seen), 表与过去事实相反之假设。

8. A (had not occurred), 表与过去事实相反之假设。

9. B (had seen), 表与过去事实相反之假设。

10. D (if he had been able), 表与过去事实相反之假设。

11. D (had shone), 表与过去事实相反之假设。

12. B (were), 表与现在事实相反之假设。

13. B (hadn’t had), 表与过去事实相反之假设。

14. C (have been), 表与过去事实相反之假设。

15. B (were), 表与现在事实相反之假设。

16. D (hadn’t), 表与过去事实相反之假设。

17. D (wouldn’t have been), 表与过去事实相反之假设。

18. A (could have), 表与过去事实相反之假设。

19. C (had had), 表与过去事实相反之假设。

20. C (would have met), 表与过去事实相反之假设。

21. D (be), be前省去了should。

22. A (had rained), 表与过去事实相反之假设。

23. D (you would have met John), 表与过去事实相反之假设。

24. D (obey), 动词demand所接的从句，其谓语动词前省去了should，在英式英语里should也可不省。

25. C (that he not stay), 动词insist用法同上。

26. A (not watch), 动词request用法同上。

27. D (the prisoner be sentenced to death), 动词assent用法同上。

assent to 同意，赞成

be sentenced to death 被判处死刑

be paroled in the custody of a welfare society获假释交福利会监督。

28. B (be), 动词order用法同上demand等。

29. B (be), 动词request用法同上。

30. C (would), Let’s say you …=Suppose (Supposing) you…，因动词用could表与现在事实相反之假设，故在第二句中应相应用would+动词原形。

31. A (had asked), 表与过去事实相反之假设。

32. A (don’t know), 系跳层结构，but前省去了if I knew her name, 表与现在事实相反之假设，but后之分句宜用陈述语气表现在的真实事实。

33. A(didn’t know), 也系跳层结构，but前省去了if I had known that you were waiting, 与过去现实相反之假设，but后之分句用陈述语气，表一个过去的真实事实。

34. C (did not water), but前省去了if she had watered them，理由同上题所述。

35. B (there is), but 前省去了if there were a telephone here，表于现在事实相反之假设，but后之分句用陈述语气，表示一个现在的真实事实，可参照32题。

36. B (could pass), 表与现在事实相反之假设。

37. C (have), 表示一个真实条件。

38. C (as if)。

39. B (were)。

40. D (Had he studied more) = If he had studied more，表与过去事实相反之假设。

41. B (but), 系跳层结构，but前之完整句应为I would have (helped him if I had had the money)，表于过去事实相反之假设。

42. D (but he got up rather late)，but前省去了if he had got up earlier，表于过去事实相反之假设，but后用过去时陈述语气，表示一个过去的事实。

43. B (had), 问句中用would，表于现在事实相反之假设，故if条件从句中须用had。

44. A (What if)。What后面省略了would happen，即What would happen if he did not come？

45. C (otherwise the damage would have been very serious), otherwise= or (else)。主句用过去时was built，故otherwise引导的从句用would have been以表与过去事实相反之假设。

46. C (would have happened)。第一分句用过去时kept his head (保持冷静的头脑), 故otherwise从句用would have happened以表与过去事实相反之假设。

47. C (be)，动词demand后之从句用should+动词原形或省去should，在TOEFL考试中宜省去should。

48. A (give), be important后面之从句中用should+动词原形或省去should，按TOEFL要求宜省去should。故两式并存时应取省去should之选择为宜。

49. D (leave)。be advisable后从句之结构同上。

50. B (be)，不选A，理由请参照48题解答说明。

51. C (I’d been)，问句用过去时Did you notice，故答句的条件从句中用had been以表与过去事实相反之假设。

52. A (would explain)。if 从句中用过去时动词thought，故主句用would+原形动词explain表与现在相反之假设。

53. D (I’d have been glad)，此题中第一句用过去时动词arrived，故第二句if从句中的you’d let me know = you had let me know，以表与过去事实相反之假设。主句I’d have been glad = I would have been glad。

54. C (were)。

55. D (be discussed)，动词require后从句之结构用should+动词原形或省去should，在TOEFL考题中如两式并存时，宜取省去should之选择。

56. D (be)。动词require后从句之结构同47题。

57. A (will be given a series of lectures), there will be given a series of lectures = a series of lectures will be given there。C应改为will be a series of lectures to be given。

58. C (could have gone)，题中第一句表示一个过去事实，故I wish从句中用could have gone，=I wish I had gone，以表与过去事实相反之假设。

59. C (were), 以表与现在事实相反之假设。Arkansas阿肯色，美国之一州，其首府为Little Rock。

60. B (wish)，如选A (believe)，则须把从句中之过去完成时had taught改为现在完成时has taught才合语法。

61. B (hadn’t had)。

62. B (if)。

63. C (had it not been), = if it had not been，表与过去事实相反之猜测。

64. C (Even though they)。gallinule水鸟之一种。

65. B (doesn’t)。主句用we’ll have，故if从句用doesn’t以表示一个现在的真实条件。

66. D (he would have found)。if从句中用过去完成时had visited，以表与过去事实相反之假设，故主句用would have+过去分词。coyote北美大草原之土狼，jackrabbit

北美产之长腿长耳兔。

67. D (had creative thinkers heeded such counsel)。