In this argument , the author concludes/recommends
that ⋯.To support this
conclusion/recommendation,the author points out/cites basis of this,the author also cites that critical/logical However,close
⋯ .In addition/On the
⋯.This argument suffers from several it
unconvincing
reveals
flaws,which
scrutiny
render of the
as
it several
stands.
logical
/
argument
problems,which render it unconvincing as it stands. PE(paragraph Without
ending)
: Lacking
clearer
evidence
that
⋯ ,the author ⋯
cannot
expect us to take seriously the claim/convince me that to ⋯ /ruling
out such/other
addressing this issue/ considering other factors that might contribute
possibilities/explanations/accounting
for
⋯ ,the
⋯
author cannot justifiably conclude that /make any sound recommendation to In short,the author author would
( 接 Perhaps /conclusion that)
⋯ )If
’s final conclusion that
⋯ / justify the claim/convince me that ⋯
some evidence of
must provide
⋯
so,this fact/Either ⋯
⋯ before I can accept the
scenario/Any
of these (the
scenarios,if
ture,
significantly/seriously undermine/weaken arguer ’s contention
正 1→小样本、代表性、随机性、权威性
(1)A threshold problem with the argument invloves the statistical reliability of the survey because the size of the sample is too small to be sample
might
be unrepresentative
of
sufficient.Also,the
a
⋯ as a whole.Without
sufficiently
representative sample,the author cannot draw any conclusion whatsoever on
the basis of the study. quoted enough
in this
(小样本、代表性)
find
(2) ⋯ are rarely sufficient to establish a general conclusion. From the survey
argument,we
general
no sign
doubt
of such
procedures
for random
no
samplings and have good to reflect the
reasons to
situation
if the sample is representative
⋯ provides ’s conclusion.
as a whole.Besides,
information about what percentage of ⋯ responded to the surveys.The lower
the percentage,the less reliable the results of the surveys/study (随机性、代表性)
结尾总结用 To better evaluate the reliability of the study upon which the author conclusion depends,I would need more information about the size/randomness of the study
’s sample.
’s
正 2 →对比试验 and D.It
The author provides no information concerning/omits to inform us about A,B,C
is impossible reliability,
to conclude without comparing
study
the two to draw
groups any firm
subjects.For example, statistical)
⋯ .Without evidence of the study the author
’s methodological (and
cannot rely
on the
conclusion.
正 3 →错误因果、错误假设
(1)A is not necessarily due to B.Perhaps for this alternative explanation for (2)The author unfairly B.Lacking
evidence
that ⋯ .Or ,perhaps
to
confirm
⋯ .Since the argument fails to account
⋯
⋯,the author cannot this
assumption,it
attributes A to B/assumes that A were attributable to
is entirely
possible ⋯ .PE.
⋯ .After all,the author provides no evidence that
正 4 →差异概念、无理假设、缺少证据、定义不清(强调不一定 (1)A does not necessarily indicate that B.Perhaps Based on the fact that necessarily the case.Perhaps (3)The fact that term.If
A the
author
,not necessary
⋯ .For that matter
)
, ⋯.PE.
(2)The argument relies/depends on the (unsubstantiated) assumption that
infers that B.However
⋯ / not ⋯
,/Yet ⋯
this is
⋯ .If so,this fact would significantly undermine
⋯ lends no/little credible/scant support to
(4)A problem involves the definition of
⋯ is defined as
⋯ .The author fails to define this critical
⋯ ,then ⋯ .In short, without a clear definition of
⋯ it is
impossible to assess the strength of the argument. 正 5 →错误推测(过去推将来、现在推过去) The arguer
uses previous
experience to illustrate
that
now ⋯ ,ignoring ⋯ .
the
factor of time which perhaps can change everything including
Eg:The economic situation becomes worse;The worsening economic situation 正 6 →错误类比 ( 成功不可复制 )
One problem why I disagree with the argument is that it is unwarranted to infer from the success of B that A will also succeed by following the same format. Perhaps
⋯ .In short,lacking
evidence
that
similar ,the author cannot convince me on the basis of A action would be effective in B. 正 7 →其他因素、非此即彼 The argument suffers from
conditions on the ⋯ are relevantly
’s experience that the
Eg:economic situation,region
“either-or ”reasoning.Based on the fact that ⋯ ,the
author unfairly concludes that ⋯ .However ,the author overlooks the possibility
⋯
⋯ /the ⋯ /It is
Another problem with the argument is that it overlooks other factors that possibility that A is not the only factor affecting B.For instance,perhaps entirely possible that 正 8 →言行不一 The author
⋯does in fact serve to
⋯ .PE.
appreciates sb ’s strong commitment to sth to some
extent.
However ,we know the fact that to make a commitment is one thing,to achieve it is far more difficult.There is no indication that they might fulfill their promise. 结尾: In sum,the argument is unconvincing bolster it,the author must provide clear /more information about
as it stands/not well supported evidence that
.To ⋯
⋯The author must also
show that ⋯ .To better assess/evaluate the argument we would need figures
⋯.We should also need to know ⋯
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