1、Text 2 Britain's flexible labour market was a boon during the economic slump,helping keep joblessness down and then,when the recovery began,allowing employment to rise.Yet one of its bendier bits is causing politicians to fret.Ed Miliband,the leader of the Labour Party,has promised a crackdown on\"zero_hours contracts\"if he wins the next
election.The government has launched a consultation.Zero-hours contracts allow firms to employ workers for as few or as many hours as they need,with no prior notice.In theory,at least,people can refuse work.Fully l.4m jobs were based on these contracts in January 2014,according to a snapshot taken by the Office for National
Statistics.That is just 4%of the total,but the share rises to a quarter in the hospitality business.The contracts are useful for firms with erratic pattems of demand,such as hotels and restaurants.They have also helped firms to expand during the recovery-allowing them to test new business lines before hiring permanent staff,who would be more costly to make redundant if things went wrong.Flexibility suits some
workers,too.According to'one survey,47%of those employed on zero-hours contracts were content to have no minimum contracted hours.Many of these workers are in full-time education.The ability to tum down work is important to students,who want to revise(or sit in the sun)at this time of year.Pensioners keen for a little extra income can often live with the uncertainty of not having guaranteed hours.Yet that leaves more than a quarter of workers on zero-hours contracts who say they are unhappy with their conditions.Some of this is cyclical.During recessions,a dearth of permanent positions forces people into jobs with no contracted hours even if they do not want them(the govemment has just said that
unemployed people who refuse to accept zero-hours contracts could be cut off from benerits).Underemployment is particularly prevalent among these workers,35%of whom would like more hours compared with 12%in other jobs.As the economy recovers,many should be able to renegotiate their contracts or find permanent jobs.But the recovery will not cause unwanted zero hours contracts to disappear.Some workers will never have much negotiating power:they are constrained by geography,family commitments and lack of competition for their skills among a small number of big employers.Zero-hours contracts make it easier for employers to abuse their labour-market power.Some use them to avoid statutory obligations such as sick and maternity pay.Workers are penalised for not being available when requested.And some contracts contain exclusivity clauses which prevent workers from taking additionaljobs.These can harm other employers as well as workers,and actually reduce labour market flexibility.That,at least,is worth doing away with. Which ofthe following is the best title ofthis text? A. Zero-hours Contract-Lack of Flexibility B. Zero-hours Contract-an Out-of-date Policy C. Zero-hours Contract-an Illegal Policy
D. Zero-hours Contract-a Challenging Way Against Permanent Job 【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。解决该题目的关键是，通过做完前四道题大体知道文章的中心，再次通读各段首句，验证中心。整个文章都是在围绕着零时工合同的影响来说，在结尾处明确地说明了零时工合同并不灵活，而与这个信息相对应的选项为A项Zero-hours Contract-Lack of Flexibility(零时工合同——缺乏灵活性)，所以
A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】剩余的选项分别为零时工合同过时、非法、挑战固定工作，这些信息在个别段落虽然有提及，但是不足以说明文章的中心，属于以偏概全，故均可排除。
2、It was a great _____ for him to be pleasant to people he didn't like. A. attempt B. trouble C. power D. effort
【答案】D effort.
3、He _____ his engagement just before the wedding. A. broke out B. broke away from C. broke off D. broke up
【答案】C broke off.
4、If your knowledge can be in some way( )with my experiences,we are sure to succeed. A. joined B. united C. connected
D. combined 【答案】D
5、The two oil companies( )to cut costs. A. mixed B. mingled C. merged D. messed 【答案】C
6、Text 1\"The love of money\Timothy,\"is the root of all evil.\"\"All\"may be putting it a bit strongly,but dozens of psychological studies have indeed shown that people primed to think about money before an experiment are more likely to lie,cheat and steal during the course of that experiment.Another well-known aphorism,ascribed to Benjamin Franklin,is\"time is money\".If true,that suggests a syllogism:that the love of time is a root of evil,too.But a paperjust published in Psychological Science by Francesca Gino of Harvard and Cassie Mogilner of the University of Pennsylvania suggests precisely the opposite.Dr Gino and Dr Mogilner asked a group of volunteers to do a scries of what appeared to be aptitude tests.As is ofien the case in such experiments,though,what the voiunteers were told.and what the truth was,were rather different things.In the first test they were asked to make,within three minutes,as many coherent sentences as they could out of a set ofwords they had been presented with.What they were not told was that each of them had been assigned to
one of three groups.Some volunteers'word sets were seeded with ones associated with money,such as\"dollars\seeded with words associated with time(eg,\"clock\some were seeded with neither.Thus unknowingly primed,the volunteers were ready for the second test.This was mathematical.They were given a sheet of paper with 20 matrices which each contained 12 numbers.two of which added up to ten(for example,3.81 and 6.19).They had to write down,on a separate answer sheet,how many of these pairs they could manage to find in five minutes.They were also given a packet ofmoney and told they could reward themselves with a dollar for each pair they discovered.This led Dr Gino and Dr Mogilner to suspect that self-reflection played a part in controlling uncthical behaviour during the test.They therefore conducted a third test in which,for half the volunteers,there was a mirror in the cubicle they were sitting in when doing the experiment.Volunteers primed to think about money cheated 39%of the time when a mirror was present but 67%when it was not.Those primed to think about time cheated 32%of the time in the presence of the mirror and 36%in its absence-results that are statistically
indistinguishable.Finally,a fourth experiment asked primed volunteers to fill in a questionnaire before tackling the matrix.In
among\"filler\"questions intended to disguise what was happening this asked them to rate how they felt about self-reflective statements like,\"Right now,1 am thinking about who I am as a person.\"As in the previous tests,those primed with money words cheated more ofien than those primed with neutral words and far more ofien than those primed with time words.But whether someone cheated was also related to how strongly he felt about the self-reflective statements presented to him in the questionnaire.It seems,then,that thinking about time has the
opposite effect on people from thinking about money.It makes them more honest than normal,rather than less so.Moreover,the more reflective they are,the more honest they become.There must be an aphorism in that. In the opening paragraph,the author introduces his topic by_____ A. posing a contrast B. justifying a theory C. making a comparation D. illustrating a phenomenon 【答案】A
【解析】事实细节题。此类题目在2005年真题中有涉及，题目译为：作者以什么样的方式引出话题。解决此类题目时，关键是通读段落找线索，纵观第一段，作者用正反两个例子来进行对比.A项posing a contrast“作对比”与此相对应。故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】B项“证明一个理论”、C项“作比较”、D项“说明一种现象”都不能体现第一段中的信息，因此应当排除。 7、Mr. Smith gradually _____ a knowledge of the subject. A. attained B. achieved C. required D. acquired
【答案】D acquired.
8、When television first began to expand,very few of the people who had becom commentators were able to be equally effective on television.Some of the experienced when they were trying to( )technical. A. turn B. adapt C. alter D. modify 【答案】B
9、Text 1 In January commuters voted Birmingham New Street one of Britain's worst railway stations.Each day nearly 150.000 people move through a structure built for half as many.But by next year it will be transformed.with 400 tonnes of undulating steel cladding and a vaguely eyeball appearance.The station will have\"the wow factor\Albert Bore,the leader of Birmingham city council.It will also show how much attitudes to railway stations have changed.Railxvay stations are the chief exception to the rule that Britain invests too little in infrastructure.Of the I 7 big termini managed by Network Rail,the owner of Britain's tracks,11 are being redeveloped or have recently been completed.Five other stations,including Reading and Northampton,are being spruced up by local councils and Network Rail.Somc simply need to be expanded:the number of train journeys has risen by 35%since 2005.But the design of New Street suggests aspirations well beyond more easeful travel.The building would not look out of place in Dubai and is
striking,if slightly incongruous,in the grey West Midlands.City planners wanted something monumental,like Grand Central station in New York,says
Sir Bernard Zissman,chaiman of the independent design paneL\"Twenty or thirty years ago business people were more likely to arrive in a city by car,\"explains Jon Neale of Jones Lang LaSatle,a property specialist.Town planners duly carved out motorways and roundabouts to entice them.In 1962 a local politician claimed that a new design for
Birmingham,involving an inner ring road,would make it\"one ofthe finest city centres in Europe\".Cities now measure their appeal by their stations.Businesses cluster around them:at King's Cross,a once-grimy part of north London,a postcode has been created for all the new buildings around the station,which was redeveloped in 2013.John Lewis,an upmarket department store,will open in the mall above New Street(which is indeed called\"Grand Central\")along with 60 0ther shops.The council hopes it will pull in visitors to the city.Such ambition recalls the stations ofthe 19th century.Those structures\"spoke to the corporate sensibility of a city,\"says Tristram Hunt,an MP and historian,by combining commerce with the sheen of civic pride.The first New Street station,built in 1851,had the largest single-span roofin the country at the time.It was tom down by enthusiastic 1960s town planners.Now some ofits original lustre may retum. According to Paragraph l,what is the author's attitude towards the future ofBirmingham railway station? A. Critical. B. Suspicious. C. Confident. D. Biased. 【答案】C
【解析】态度方向题。解答此类题目的关键是在对应段落中找到作者态度的标志，在第一段的结尾处用伯明翰市长的话表明了作者的观点，即It w川also show how much attitudes to railway stations have changed.(也会使乘客对火车站的态度实现360度大转弯。)由此可知，作者的态度是积极的。与这个信息相对应的选项为C项Confident“自信的”，故C项为正确选项。【干扰排除】剩余的三个选项分别译为：批判的、怀疑的、有偏见的，都不能体现作者的观点，应当排除。 10、Text 2 A study published in the International Journal of Business Administration found that what students read in college directly effects the level of writing they achieve.In fact,researchers found that reading content and frequency may exert more significant impacts on students'writing ability than writing instruction and writing frequency.Students who read academic journals,literary fiction,or general nonfiction wrote with greater svntactic SODhistication(more comDlex sentences)than those who read genre fiction(mysteries,fantasy,or science fiction)or exclusively web-based aggregators.The highest scores went to those who read academic journals;the lowest scores went to those who relied sotely on web-based content.Recent research also revealed that\"deep reading\"-defined as reading that is slow,immersive,rich in sensory detail and emotional and moral complexity-is distinctive from light reading-little more than the decoding of words.Deep reading occurs when the language is rich in detail,allusion,and metaphor,and taps into the same brain regions that would activate if the reader were
experiencing the event.Deep reading is great exercise for the brain and has been shown to increase empathy,as the reader dives deeper and adds reflection,analysis,and personal subtext to what is being read.It also offers writers a way to appreciate all the qualities that make novels fascinating and meaningful-and to tap into his abllity to write on a
deeper level.Light reading is equated to what one might read in online blogs,or\"headline news\"or\"entertainment news\"websites,particularly those that breezily rely on lists or punchy headlines,and even occasionally use emojis to communicate.These types of light reading lack a genuine voice,a viewpoint,or the sort of analyses that might stimulate
thought.It's light and breezy reading that you can skim through and will likely forget within minutes.Deep reading activates our brain's centers for speech,vision,and hearing,all of which work together to help us speak,read,and write.Reading and writing engages Broca's area,which enables us to perceive rhythm and syntax;Wernicke's area,which impacts our perception of words and meaning;and the angular gyrus,which is central to perception and use oflanguage.These areas are wired together by a band of fibres,and this interconnectivity likely helps writers mimic and synchronize language and rhythms they encounter while reading.Your reading brain senses a cadence that accompanies more complex writing,which your brain then seeks to emulate when writing. The word\"emojis\"(Para.3)probably means_____ A. network language B. characters of emotion C. voice mail
D. specific Intemet signs 【答案】B
【解析】词汇理解题。根据定位词定位到第三段。该段提到emojis时说到“甚至时而用进行交流的文章”，可推测是用非常浅显的表情符号进行交流，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】既然浅阅读是靠标题吸引人，可知进行交流也不会使用过多
语言，故A项不正确;文章中一般不会用语音交流，故C项不正确;这里泛指一些浅阅读的文章，题材不详，所以不会用特定的网络符号，故D项不正确。
11、_____ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday. A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
【答案】B But for
12、Text 1 Utopianism in politics gets a bad press.The case against the grand-scale,state-directed kind is well known and
overwhelming.Utopia,the perfect society,is unattainable,for there is no such thing.Remaking sociery in pursuit ofan illusion not only fails,it leads swiftly to mass murder and moral ruin.So recent history grimly attests.Although true,that is just half the story.Not all modern
Utopians aim to seize the state in order to cudgel the rest of the world back to paradise.Plenty of gentler ones want no more than to withdraw from the mainstream and create their own micro-paradise with a few like-minded idealists.Small experiments in collective living swept America,for example,early in the 19th century and again late in the 20th.Most failed or fell short.None lasted.A11 were laughed at.Yet in this intelligent,sympathetic history,Chris Jennings makes a good case for remembering them well.Politics stultifies,he thinks,when people stop dreaming up alternative ways oflife and putting them to small-scale test.Though with occasional glances forward,Mr.Jennings focuses largely
on the 19th century.At least 100 experimental communes sprang up across the young American republic in the mid-1800s.Mr.Jennings writes about five exemplary communities:the devout Shakers,Robert Owen's New Harmony,the Fourierist collective at Brook Farm,Massachusetts,the Icarians at Nauvoo,Illinois,inspired by a French proto-communist,Etienne Cabet,and the Oneida Community in New York state practising\"Bible communism\"and\"complex marriage\".The Shakers'founder was a Manchester Quaker,Ann Lee,a devout mother worn out by bearing dead or dying ctuldren.In 1774 she lefi for the New World,determined to forswear sex and create a following to share her belief.An optimistic faith in human betterment,hard work and a reputation for honest Lrading helped the Shakers thrive.At their peak in the early 19th century,they had perhaps 5,000 members scattered in some 20 villages across eight states.They counselled celibacy,to spare women the dangers of child-bearing,made spare,slim furniture,now treasured in museums,and practised a
wild,shaking dance that was taken as a sign ofbenign possession by the Holy Spirit.\"Paradise Now\"is more than a record of failed hopes.Some ideas spread to the mainstream.Fourier's feminism is a good
example.Fourierist communes foundered across the New World and Old;his ideas about gender equality lived on.No society could improve,Fourier believed,until women's lot improved.\"The best countries\always been those which allowed women the most freedom.\"That is a common thought today.It was radical when Fourier wrote it in I 808.Women more generally are at the centre of the Utopian story.Some communes he writes about were democratic,some authoritarian.None was
patriarchal.Mr.Jennings's book is rich in fond hopes and improbable ventures.Rather than nudging readers to mock,which is easy,the author reminds them instead to remember that the maddest-sounding ideas
sometimes become motherhood. According to the text,most gentle ones want to create______ A. their own commune B. violent world C. their own regime D. small-minded paradise 【答案】A
【解析】事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章的第二段，定位句为Plenty of gentler ones want no more than toWithdraw from the mainstream and create their own micro-paradise with a few like-minded idealists.(也有很多并不极端的空想主义者只想要归隐田园，与一些志同道合的理想主义者创建自己的小伊甸园。)归隐田园，创建自己的小伊甸园即创建一个属于少数群体的理想社会形式，而与这个信息相对应的为A项“他们自己的公社”，故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】B项在段落中虽有体现，但与文章内容相反，故排除;C项“他们自己的政权”，文中第二段第二句提到Not all modem Utopians aim to seize the state(并不是所有的现代空想主义者都想抢夺政权).而这正是很多并不极端的空想主义者所持的态度，故排除;D项貌似符合文意，但是small-minded的意思是心胸狭窄的，而不是文中说的micro-paradise(小伊甸园)，故排除。
13、The shop-assistant was straight with his customers. If an article was of _____ quality, he'd tell them so. A. minor B. humble C. inferior
D. awkward
【答案】C inferior
14、The energy( )by the chain reaction is transformed into heat. A. conveyed B. released C. transferred D. delivered 【答案】B
15、I used to be able to play well but I'm _____ now. A. out of date B. out of touch C. out of practice D. out of place
【答案】C out of practice.
16、Text 1 Roberta Gordon never thought she'd still be alive at age 76.She definitely didn't think she'd still be working.But cvery Saturday,she goes down to the local grocery store and hands out
samples,earning$50 a day,because she needs the money.More and more older people are finding themselves in a similar situation as Baby Boomers reach retirement age without enough savings and as housing costs and medical expenses rise.Many people reaching retirement age don't have the Densions that lots of workers in previous generations did,and often have
not put enough money into their 401(k)s to live off of.Other workers did not have access to a retirement plan through their employer.That means that as people reach their mid-60s,they either have to dramatically curtail their spending or keep working to survive.\"This will be the first time that we have a lot of people who find themselves downwardly mobile as they grow older:'Diane Oakley,the executive director of the National Institute on Retirement Security,told me.\"They're going to go from being near poor to poor.\"The problem is growing as more Baby Boomers reach retirement age-between 8,000 t0 10,000 Americans turn 65 every day,according to Kevin Prindiville,the executive director ofjustice in Aging,a nonprofit that addresses senior poverty.Older Americans were the only demographic for whom poverty rates increased in a statistically significant way between 2015 and 2016,according to Census Bureau data.While poverty fell among people 18 and under and people 18 t0 64 between 2015 and 2016,it rose to 14.5 percent for people over 65,according to the Census Bureau's Supplemental Poverty
Measure,which is considered a more accurate measure of poverty because it takes into account health-care costs and other big expenses.\"In the early decades of our work,we were serving communities that had been poor when they were younger:'Prindiville told me.\"Increasingly,we're seeing folks who are becoming poor for the first time in old age.\"This presents a worrying preview of what could befall millions of workers who will retire in the coming decades.If today's seniors are struggling with retirement savings,what will become of the people of working age today,many of whom hold unsteady jobs and have patchwork incomes that leave little room for retirement savings?The current wave of senior poverty could just be the beginning.And this could have larger
implications for the economy.If today's middle-class households curtail
their spending when they retire,the whole economy could suffer. In the last paragraph,the author shows his about senior poverty problem. A. incapability B. worry C. anxiery D. agony 【答案】B
【解析】态度方向题。根据定位词定位到文章最后一段。该段最后三句指出，当前的老年贫困浪潮可能只是一个开始。这可能会对经济产生更大的影响。如果现在的中产阶级家庭在退休后缩减开支，那么整个经济都会受到影响，故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项“无能为力”、C项“焦虑”和D项“苦恼”均与作者态度不符，故均排除。
17、Text 1\"The love of money\Timothy,\"is the root of all evil.\"\"All\"may be putting it a bit strongly,but dozens of psychological studies have indeed shown that people primed to think about money before an experiment are more likely to lie,cheat and steal during the course of that experiment.Another well-known aphorism,ascribed to Benjamin Franklin,is\"time is money\".If true,that suggests a syllogism:that the love of time is a root of evil,too.But a paperjust published in Psychological Science by Francesca Gino of Harvard and Cassie Mogilner of the University of Pennsylvania suggests precisely the opposite.Dr Gino and Dr Mogilner asked a group of volunteers to do a scries of what appeared to be aptitude tests.As is ofien the case in such experiments,though,what the voiunteers were told.and what the truth was,were rather different things.In the first
test they were asked to make,within three minutes,as many coherent sentences as they could out of a set ofwords they had been presented with.What they were not told was that each of them had been assigned to one of three groups.Some volunteers'word sets were seeded with ones associated with money,such as\"dollars\seeded with words associated with time(eg,\"clock\some were seeded with neither.Thus unknowingly primed,the volunteers were ready for the second test.This was mathematical.They were given a sheet of paper with 20 matrices which each contained 12 numbers.two of which added up to ten(for example,3.81 and 6.19).They had to write down,on a separate answer sheet,how many of these pairs they could manage to find in five minutes.They were also given a packet ofmoney and told they could reward themselves with a dollar for each pair they discovered.This led Dr Gino and Dr Mogilner to suspect that self-reflection played a part in controlling uncthical behaviour during the test.They therefore conducted a third test in which,for half the volunteers,there was a mirror in the cubicle they were sitting in when doing the experiment.Volunteers primed to think about money cheated 39%of the time when a mirror was present but 67%when it was not.Those primed to think about time cheated 32%of the time in the presence of the mirror and 36%in its absence-results that are statistically
indistinguishable.Finally,a fourth experiment asked primed volunteers to fill in a questionnaire before tackling the matrix.In
among\"filler\"questions intended to disguise what was happening this asked them to rate how they felt about self-reflective statements like,\"Right now,1 am thinking about who I am as a person.\"As in the previous tests,those primed with money words cheated more ofien than those primed with neutral words and far more ofien than those primed
with time words.But whether someone cheated was also related to how strongly he felt about the self-reflective statements presented to him in the questionnaire.It seems,then,that thinking about time has the opposite effect on people from thinking about money.It makes them more honest than normal,rather than less so.Moreover,the more reflective they are,the more honest they become.There must be an aphorism in that. It can be concluded from the text that——.
A. people primed with neutral words cheated more than those primed with money words
B. self-refiection plays a significant role in people's decision making C. volunteers cheated was also related with whether a mirror in the cubicle they were sitting
D. people primed with time words cheated most among the subjects 【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。题目没有体现具体的对应段落，但是conclude泽为“结论”，按照出题顺序的原则对应文章的第五段，其中In
among“filler\"questions intended to disguise what was happening this asked them to raic how they feh about self-reflective statements like(问卷上设有掩饰之前不光彩行为的“补充”问题，调查他们在看到门我反思表述语句时的感受)可以体现结论，B项self-refiection plays a significant roleIn people's decision making“自我反省在人们的决策中扮演着重要的角色”与此相对应。故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项巾的比较与原文刚好相反，因此应当排除;c项在定位的段落中并没有体现，因此应当排除;D项在结论的段落中有体现，但是段落中说被灌输金钱词语的志愿者作弊倾向最大，因此该选项排除。 18、Having failed in the mathematics examination,Tom feels very( ).
A. oppressed B. suppressed C. depressed D. compressed 【答案】C
19、Text1FromWestVirginiatoArizona,public-schoolteachersareinrevolt.Theyaredemandingbetterpay,andtheydeserveit-solongastheirsalariesaretiedtotheirperformance.It'snotthatU.S.teachersareunderpaid;themedianincomeforthecountry'slmillionhigh-schoolteachers,forexample,ismorethan50percenthigherthanthatofthegeneralpopulation.Butrelativetopeerswithsimilarlevelsofeducation,teachersarefallingbehind.In1994,public-schoolteachersmadeonly2percentlessthancollegegraduatesinotherfields;by2015,thegapwas17percent.CutsinstateeducationbudgetshavemadetheproblemWOfse.Inmorethanhalfofthecountry,aftcradjustingforinflation,averageteachersalarieshavedeclinedsincethestartofthecentury.InWestVirginia,wherepayhasdroppedby8.9percentsince2000,teacherswentonstrikeinlateFebruary,forcingIawmakerstopassa5percentpayincreaseforthenextschoolyear,Teachers'unionsinArizona,OklahomaandKentuckyplansimilarwalkoutsiftheirdemandsaren'tmet.Toavoidsuchanoutcome-whichhurtsstudentsthemost-bothsidesneedtocompromise.Teachersshouldn'thavetoworksecondandthirdjobstomakeendsmeet,asmanysaytheydo,eveninstateswithlowarefiercelydefendedbyteachers'uuions.Buttheyreducethefundsavailableforotherpriorities-likeencouragingteacherstorelocatetoruralandlow-incomedistrictsandaddressingshortagesofteachersinSTEMsubjects.Across-
the-boardpayincreasesforteachersmaygosomewaytowardimprovingstudentperformance,butnotfarenough.Despiteoppositionfromunions,schooldistrictsinatleast30stateshaveintroducedperformance-basedbonusesforteachers.Inschoolswhereteacherpayistiedtostudentperformance,testscoreshavensenbytheequivalentofthreeadditionalweeksoflearning.Districtswithmeritpayarebetterabletohirestrongentry-levelcandidatesandpreventhigh-performingteachersfromleaving.Intemationalcomparisonsbearoutabasic,ifself-evident,truth:howwellstudentsperformdependsonhowwellthey'retaught.TheU.S.shouldpayitsteachersmore-andgivethebestonesincentivestoshowhowmuchthey'reworth.24.Performance-basedpayhasthefollowingadvantagesexcept A.better performance of students. B.higher quality of teachers.
C.keeping excellent teachers staying. D.improving teacher's research standard. 【答案】D
【解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键词，对应文章第六段。Performance-basedpay是meritpay的同义表达，第六段后两句大意为，在教师薪酬与学生表现挂钩的学校，学生考试成绩提高了。有绩效工资的地区能够更好地雇用有能力的初级教师，并防止表现优异的教师离开。A项、B项和C项与这两句所表达的意思一致;D项属于无关干扰，故D项为正确答案。【干扰排除】根据以上分析可知，A项、B项和C项所述内容与原文相符，都是绩效工资的优点，故排除。
20、Text 1\"The love of money\Timothy,\"is the root of all evil.\"\"All\"may be putting it a bit strongly,but dozens of psychological studies have indeed shown that people primed to think about money before an experiment are more likely to lie,cheat and steal during the course of that experiment.Another well-known aphorism,ascribed to Benjamin Franklin,is\"time is money\".If true,that suggests a syllogism:that the love of time is a root of evil,too.But a paperjust published in Psychological Science by Francesca Gino of Harvard and Cassie Mogilner of the University of Pennsylvania suggests precisely the opposite.Dr Gino and Dr Mogilner asked a group of volunteers to do a scries of what appeared to be aptitude tests.As is ofien the case in such experiments,though,what the voiunteers were told.and what the truth was,were rather different things.In the first test they were asked to make,within three minutes,as many coherent sentences as they could out of a set ofwords they had been presented with.What they were not told was that each of them had been assigned to one of three groups.Some volunteers'word sets were seeded with ones associated with money,such as\"dollars\seeded with words associated with time(eg,\"clock\some were seeded with neither.Thus unknowingly primed,the volunteers were ready for the second test.This was mathematical.They were given a sheet of paper with 20 matrices which each contained 12 numbers.two of which added up to ten(for example,3.81 and 6.19).They had to write down,on a separate answer sheet,how many of these pairs they could manage to find in five minutes.They were also given a packet ofmoney and told they could reward themselves with a dollar for each pair they discovered.This led Dr Gino and Dr Mogilner to suspect that self-reflection played a part in controlling uncthical behaviour during the
test.They therefore conducted a third test in which,for half the volunteers,there was a mirror in the cubicle they were sitting in when doing the experiment.Volunteers primed to think about money cheated 39%of the time when a mirror was present but 67%when it was not.Those primed to think about time cheated 32%of the time in the presence of the mirror and 36%in its absence-results that are statistically
indistinguishable.Finally,a fourth experiment asked primed volunteers to fill in a questionnaire before tackling the matrix.In
among\"filler\"questions intended to disguise what was happening this asked them to rate how they felt about self-reflective statements like,\"Right now,1 am thinking about who I am as a person.\"As in the previous tests,those primed with money words cheated more ofien than those primed with neutral words and far more ofien than those primed with time words.But whether someone cheated was also related to how strongly he felt about the self-reflective statements presented to him in the questionnaire.It seems,then,that thinking about time has the opposite effect on people from thinking about money.It makes them more honest than normal,rather than less so.Moreover,the more reflective they are,the more honest they become.There must be an aphorism in that. In the opening paragraph,the author introduces his topic by_____ A. posing a contrast B. justifying a theory C. making a comparation D. illustrating a phenomenon 【答案】A
【解析】事实细节题。此类题目在2005年真题中有涉及，题目译为：作者以什么样的方式引出话题。解决此类题目时，关键是通读段落找线索，纵观第一段，作者用正反两个例子来进行对比.A项posing a contrast“作对比”与此相对应。故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】B项“证明一个理论”、C项“作比较”、D项“说明一种现象”都不能体现第一段中的信息，因此应当排除。
21、When she heard from the hospital that her father had died, she _____ into tears. A. burst B. Went C. exploded D. fell
【答案】A burst
22、Under the( )confronting them it was impossible to continue the strike any longer. A. surroundings B. settings C. circumstances D. environments 【答案】C
23、The island where these rare birds nest has been declared a _____. A. observation
B. reservation C. preservation D. conservation
【答案】D conservation.
24、Mr. Smith gradually _____ a knowledge of the subject. A. attained B. achieved C. required D. acquired
【答案】D acquired.
25、Text 1 Denmark is once again distinguishing itself in the race against food waste-this time,with a supermarket hawking items once destined for the trash bin.Those items might include treats for a holiday that happened last week,a ripped box of comflakes,plain white rice mislabeled as basmati,or anything nearing its expiration date.In other words,perfectly edible items that are nonetheless considered unfit for salc by the retailers and manufacturers who donate them.WeFood is not the first grocer in Europe to sell surplus food.But unlike so-called\"social supermarkets\"-stores which serve almosL exclusively low-income people-WeFood's offerings are very intentionally aimed at the general public.High-income families will also choose WeFood for its environmental-friendly conception.The store's goods are priced 30 t0 50 percent lower than those in regular supermarkets,according to WeFood.The
store has already been a huge success,attracting large numbers of customers.People have lined up before the store's opening every moming since its launch on Monday.But is this food safe to eat?Safety is always the first concern coming up to your mind.Well,the\"sell by\"date you see on many products actually refers to its freshness-not whether or not it's going to do you any harm.In many cases,food that's beyond this date won't be as fresh as it once was but is still perfectly edible.The food might have not yet gone bad when the\"sell by\"date expires.Of course you should still be careful to avoid eating food that's gone off,but you might find you don't have to throw away as much as you think you do.Denmark throws away about 700,000 tons of food every year,according to several estimates.In fact,food waste is a major problem for the whole world.Some 795 million people are undemourished globally,according to the World Food Program.Yet about a third of all food produced in the world-some l.3 billion tons-is wasted each year,according to the United Nations.The cost of global food wastage is about$1 trillion a year.All of the store's proceeds will go to DanChurchAid's work in developing nations like South Sudan and Bangladesh. The\"sell by\"date on the merchandise indicates that____. A. they are not fresh beyond this date B. people should throw them away immediately
C. it's illegal to sell them in regular supermarkets D. expired food is definitely safe to eat 【答案】A
【解析】事实细节题。根据定位词定位到第三段。第三段第三句说到，许多食品包装上标注的“保质期”(“sell by”date).指的是它新鲜的状态能维特多久。故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】第三段最后一句说到有些你认为该扔掉的不一定要扔掉，所以B项不正确;文中没有提到在普通超市卖这种食物是否违法，所以C项错误;D项“食用过期食物安全”，最后一句中提到千万别吃变质的东西，过了保质期可能会遇到变质的情况，所以D项也不正确。
26、Before the Spring Festival,the leaders of the village made house‐to‐house survey,( )in each family about their needs and problems. A. to inquire B. to be inquiring C. inquiring D. inquired 【答案】C
27、John was very upset because he was _____ by the police with breaking the law. A. accused B. arrested C. sentenced D. charged
【答案】D charged.
28、Text 1 Utopianism in politics gets a bad press.The case against the grand-scale,state-directed kind is well known and
overwhelming.Utopia,the perfect society,is unattainable,for there is no such thing.Remaking sociery in pursuit ofan illusion not only fails,it leads swiftly to mass murder and moral ruin.So recent history grimly attests.Although true,that is just half the story.Not all modern Utopians aim to seize the state in order to cudgel the rest of the world back to paradise.Plenty of gentler ones want no more than to withdraw from the mainstream and create their own micro-paradise with a few like-minded idealists.Small experiments in collective living swept America,for example,early in the 19th century and again late in the 20th.Most failed or fell short.None lasted.A11 were laughed at.Yet in this intelligent,sympathetic history,Chris Jennings makes a good case for remembering them well.Politics stultifies,he thinks,when people stop dreaming up alternative ways oflife and putting them to small-scale test.Though with occasional glances forward,Mr.Jennings focuses largely on the 19th century.At least 100 experimental communes sprang up across the young American republic in the mid-1800s.Mr.Jennings writes about five exemplary communities:the devout Shakers,Robert Owen's New Harmony,the Fourierist collective at Brook Farm,Massachusetts,the Icarians at Nauvoo,Illinois,inspired by a French proto-communist,Etienne Cabet,and the Oneida Community in New York state practising\"Bible communism\"and\"complex marriage\".The Shakers'founder was a Manchester Quaker,Ann Lee,a devout mother worn out by bearing dead or dying ctuldren.In 1774 she lefi for the New World,determined to forswear sex and create a following to share her belief.An optimistic faith in human betterment,hard work and a reputation for honest Lrading helped the Shakers thrive.At their peak in the early 19th century,they had perhaps 5,000 members scattered in some 20 villages across eight states.They counselled celibacy,to spare women the dangers of child-bearing,made
spare,slim furniture,now treasured in museums,and practised a
wild,shaking dance that was taken as a sign ofbenign possession by the Holy Spirit.\"Paradise Now\"is more than a record of failed hopes.Some ideas spread to the mainstream.Fourier's feminism is a good
example.Fourierist communes foundered across the New World and Old;his ideas about gender equality lived on.No society could improve,Fourier believed,until women's lot improved.\"The best countries\always been those which allowed women the most freedom.\"That is a common thought today.It was radical when Fourier wrote it in I 808.Women more generally are at the centre of the Utopian story.Some communes he writes about were democratic,some authoritarian.None was
patriarchal.Mr.Jennings's book is rich in fond hopes and improbable ventures.Rather than nudging readers to mock,which is easy,the author reminds them instead to remember that the maddest-sounding ideas sometimes become motherhood. According to the text,most gentle ones want to create______ A. their own commune B. violent world C. their own regime D. small-minded paradise 【答案】A
【解析】事实细节题。根据定位词定位到文章的第二段，定位句为Plenty of gentler ones want no more than toWithdraw from the mainstream and create their own micro-paradise with a few like-minded idealists.(也有很多并不极端的空想主义者只想要归隐田园，与一些志同道合的理想主义者创建自己的小伊
甸园。)归隐田园，创建自己的小伊甸园即创建一个属于少数群体的理想社会形式，而与这个信息相对应的为A项“他们自己的公社”，故A项为正确选项。【干扰排除】B项在段落中虽有体现，但与文章内容相反，故排除;C项“他们自己的政权”，文中第二段第二句提到Not all modem Utopians aim to seize the state(并不是所有的现代空想主义者都想抢夺政权).而这正是很多并不极端的空想主义者所持的态度，故排除;D项貌似符合文意，但是small-minded的意思是心胸狭窄的，而不是文中说的micro-paradise(小伊甸园)，故排除。
29、We desire that the tour leader( )us immediately of any change in plans. A. inform B. informs C. informed D. has informed 【答案】A
30、The child enjoyed _____ up the wooden bricks then knocking them down. A. adding B. pushing C. piling D. forming 【答案】C piling.
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容