一. 简单句： 英语基本句型-1
主系表结构：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征， 系动词有：
1. 表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2. 表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, con ti nue, sta nd; 3. 表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow; eg: Our En glish teacher is thirty years old. The cake tastes delicious.
The potatoes went bad in the fields. Deep water stays still. He was at work. She is in good health. It is bey ond my ability. I was at a loss. You are un der arrest. 英语基本句型-2
主谓结构：本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成 如: The sun rises.
Tom has already left.
主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。 如:1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. They had to travel by air or boat. 3. She sat there alone.
4. He came back whe n we were eati ng.
5. Weak buildi ngs will fall dow n in an earthquake 。 英语基本句型-3
主谓宾结构：本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复 杂。 如: 1. Tom made a hole in the wall.
2. I don ' t know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They haven ' t decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teachi ng En glish two years ago. 英语基本句型-4
双宾语结构：此结构由 主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。女口： He brings
类属，状态，身份等。
，常用来表示主语的动作。
me cookies every day.
但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词 cookies to me every day.
She made a beautiful dress for me.
用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有： （需借助 to 的） bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask 等；
（需借助 for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare
等。
to 或 for。如： He brings
英语基本句型-5
复合宾语结构：此结构由 主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语补足语用来补充和 说明宾语的性质和特点，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词， 副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。
女口： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. They made Tom mon itor.
He used to do his homework with his radio on. My mother asked me to clea n my room.
The teacher made all students finish their homework on time.
用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句 型结构方式。即：主语 +谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如： I found it very pleasa nt to be with your family.
也可以说I found it was pleasa nt to be with your family. 复合句，意思都是一样的。
它们的区别在于第一个是简单句第二个是
英语基本句型-6
There be句型：此句型是由“thEE+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称 有……”。
它其实是全倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 如：
There sta nds a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.
Be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如： 现在有 there is/are … 过去有 there was/were … 将来有 there will be 可能有 there might be...
肯定有 there must b e …/there must have been... 过去曾经有 there used to be …
;• -there is /are going to be...
…
现在已经有 there has/have bee n
be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此
等，但一般不用 have。
句型有时不用 be 动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive
“••…
欢迎下载 2
似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be … 碰巧有 there happe n/happe ns/happe ned to be … Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. The weatherma n says there
' ll be a strongwind in the after noon.
There used to be a cin ema here before the war. 二. 并列句。 结构：
1. 由分号连接。
eg. Some people cry; others laugh.
Let' s start early; we have a long way to go.
2. 由并列连词及词组连接 --- and/ but /or/ so / however / still/ therefore /yet /while /otherwise /for /both …and …/not only
…but also …/as well as/
or else/ either …or …/neither …nor …/not ••等ut … eg: I ' d like to, but I have lots of homework to do. I ' ve got a cold, so I ' m going to bed. Both my father and mother are teachers. It ' s very good, yet I don 三、 复合句
构成：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句和从句都有完整的主谓结构，但主句是全局 的主体，从句只是全句中的一个成分，不能独立存在。从句通常是用引导词来引导的，引导词起连 接主句和从句的作用。 分类：名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句），形容词性从句（定语从句）， 副词性从句（状语从句）。
t'. t like i
1. 主语从句（Subject Clause）
一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语，那么这个句子就是主语从句 1）常规主语从句，句子在复合句中充当主语
That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. Whether we will go for an outi ng tomorrow rema ins unknown. Who will be our mon itor has n't bee n decided yet.
Whom we must study for is a questi on of great importa nee. What caused the accide nt rema ins unknown. Whatever you did is right.
Whose watch was lost is unknown. What we n eed is time. 小结:
（1） 引导主语从句连词有 that,whether,who,what,whatever 等 （2） 连词位于句首不能省略
（3） 主语从句大多数情况下视为三人称单数。 注意：为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语 It is certa in that he will win the match.
it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末
.
欢迎下载 3
It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. It is stra nge that he should do that.
It is said that he has gone to sha nghai.(=He is said to have gone to sha nghai) It is known to all that the gun powder was first inven ted by the Chin ese. It is suggested that the work should be done with great care. It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)
It happe ned that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happe ned to be there) 小结：
(1) 以that引出的主语从句，常以形式主语it引导.It is +形容词/名词/某些动词ed + that从句. (2) 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气 (should+do/should+have done)
2. 表语从句 定义：
表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。 The problem is puzzli ng. 主语连系动词形容词作表语
The problem is whe n we can get a pay rise. 主语连系动词一个句子作表语---表语从句
连接表语从句的连接词有： that, what, who, whe n, where, which, why, whether,how.
He has become a teacher.
He has become what he wan ted to be ten years ago. She has rema ined there for an hour.
She has rema ined where I stood yesterday for an hour. His suggestio n is good.
His suggestio n is that we should stay calm. The questi on is confusing.
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. Who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow. Why he cried yesterday.
How I can persuade her to join us in the party. 注意：
1. 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel. Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 2. 不用if,而用whether连接表语从句(as if例外)。
False: The questio n is if the en emy is march ing towards us. Right: The questi on is whether the en emy is march ing towards us. Right: It looked as if he had un derstood this questi on.
3. 像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。 Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow. Right: The question is why he cried yesterday. 4. that在表语从句中不能省掉。
欢迎下载 4
3. 宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句
构成:带有宾语从句的复合句就是用连接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句连接在一起。连接词有： that(可省略)， what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how. He suggested (that) we should clea n the corridor every day.
宾语
He told me (that) he would leave Dalia n airport at 8pm.
间接宾语
直接宾语
He told me where he was going to travel that summer.
间接宾语
直接宾语
He told that he would go to the college the n ext year. I don ' t know if there will be a bus any more. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? I don ' t know whom you should depend on. The book will show you what the best CEOs know.
Have you determ ined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? He didn ' t tell me when we should meet again. Could you please tell me how you read the new book? None of us knows where these can be bought. 注意：
1. 用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句 ① 动词find,feel,consider,make,believe 等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将宾语从句后置.
I think it n ecessary that we take ple nty of hot water every day . I feel it a pity that I haven
n to th e)eiet-together.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. ② 有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加 it
这类动词主要有 :hate, take , owe, have, see to. I hate it whe n they with their mouths full of food. He will have it that our pla n is really practical. We take it that you will agree with us. 2. 介词的宾语从句
We are talk ing about whether we admit stude nts into our club.
The new book is about how Shen zhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space. 有时候except,but,besides 三个介词后可见到 that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new n eighbor except that he used to work with a compa ny. 3. 形容词的宾语从句
常用来弓丨导宾语从句的形容词有 :sure, certa in, glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised I am sure I will pass the exam.
欢迎下载 that
5
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
He is glad that Li Mi ng went to see him whe n he was ill. 4. if,whether在宾语从句中的区别 whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 在不定式前只能用 whether. I can ' t decide whether to stay.
⑤避免歧异时，我们常用whether而不用if. 5. 宾语从句的否定转移
动词是 think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess 而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来
等,并且主句的主语是第一人称
，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致 .
I don ' t think he will come to my party. 而不能说成 I think he won ' t come to my party. I don ' t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词
，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式 .
We find that he n ever liste ns to the teacher carefully,does he? 6. 宾语从句的时态和语序 当主句为现在时或将来时的时候
，宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响
当主句为过去时的时候，从句用相应的过去时态
I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn
' t know what country he was in.
He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in. He told me that he had told Mary about the meet ing already.
The reporter asked if the gover nment would take n ecessary measures to put dow n the to-do. 如果从句是一个客观真理，那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化 The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. 当宾语从句的引导词是 who,which,what,when,where,how,why 常将这类引导词置于句首
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite sin ger this year? 7. 建议 suggest , advise
要求 dema nd 、desire、require、request、propose ； 决定 decide;
命令 order、comma nd;
坚决主张insist;等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v .（虚拟语气） eg . I suggested that you （should ） study hard . He ordered that we should go out at once 4. 同位语从句
一、 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示 的具体内容。如：
I heard the n ews that our team had won I had no idea that you were here .
等表疑问时，不能按正常语序安排，经
欢迎下载 6
二、
question , doubt , thought , hope ,
可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有 news , idea , fact, promise ,
message , suggestion , words （消息）， possibility 等。如： I ' ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won 三、 英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 ' t be able to see you this after noon
that, whether，连接副词 how,when,where 等。（注: if,which
不能引导同位语从句。）如： I have no idea When he will be back .
He must an swer the questi on whether he agrees to it or not.
四、 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。
女口：
Several years later , word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them The thought came to him that maybe the en emy had fled the city
.
欢迎下载 .
7
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容