初三英语定语从句知识精讲(一)

初三英语定语从句知识精讲（一）

定语从句（一）

一. 概念介绍：

1. 在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

2. 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。

3. 定语从句一般都要放在先行词的后面。

4. 引导定语从句的有关系代词who，whom，whose，which和that及关系副词when，where和why等。

5. 引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词除了在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用之外，它们还可以做定语从句的一个句子成分。

例句：

The boy [ who is playing football ] is my brother .

先行词 关系代词 定语从句

Do you remember the place [ where we have watched the dolphin show ? ] →定语从句

先行词 关系副词

二. 关系代词引导的定语从句：（关系代词可以作定语从句中的主语，宾语和定语）

1. 关系代词who引导的定语从句：who指人，在定语从句中作主语和宾语。

eg .

People who drink and drive are a danger to everyone .（作主语）

The people who he met were friendly .（作宾语）

2. 关系代词whom引导的定语从句：whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。

eg .

The new teacher whom you are waiting for has come .

The old man whom we saw in the reading-room is a famous professor .

3. 关系代词whose引导的定语从句：whose指人的所有格，在定语从句中作定语。

eg .

Do you know the boy whose father died in a traffic accident ?

The man whose bag was stolen has called the police .

4. 关系代词which引导的定语从句：which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语。

eg .

This is a story book which tells about a famous computer engineer — Bill Gates .（作主语）These are the magazines which young people like very much .（作宾语）

5. 关系代词that引导的定语从句：that指人也指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语。

eg .

I’d like to see the films that are just on show .（作主语，指物）

The famous singer that comes from Canada can sing Chinese songs .（作主语，指人）

The present that my friend gave me on my birthday is kept on the bookshelf .（作宾语，指物）

He is the man that you are looking for .（作宾语，指人）

6. 注意：关系代词that，which，who在定语从句中作主语时，不能省略。作宾语时，在口语中或非正式文体中经常省略。Whom作宾语时，也常省略。但若作介词宾语时，且介词置于关系代词前面时：A. 指人时，只能用whom（不能省略），不能用who或that。B. 指物时，只能用which（不能省略），不能用that。

eg .

ThepersontowhomIspokejustnowismymathsteacher.Thepersonwho/whom/thatIspoketojustnowismymathsteacher. Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.Thisistheroomwhich/thatwelivedinlastyear.

含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍然放在动词后面。

eg .

Is this the book（which / that）he was looking for ?

The babies（whom / that）the nurses are looking after are very healthy .

7. 定语从句中常用that，而不用which的情况。

（1）被修饰的先行词为不定代词时。

eg .

We should do all that our teacher asks us to .

There is nothing that I want to talk about .

I like the one that you bought yesterday .

（2）先行词被only，any，few，little，no，all，one of，just，very等修饰时。

eg .

You can take any book that you like .

She is one of the few persons who know Japanese .

The only thing that we can do is to study hard .

（3）先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。

eg .

The last lesson that we have learned is very interesting .

This is the third story that our grandma has told us .

（4）先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

eg .

So far , the best film that I have seen is “ The True Lie ” .

I think the most important thing that should be done is to make the ecosystem of our world healthy again .

（5）先行词既有人又有物时。

eg .

The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .

（6）若有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已经用了which，另一个则用that。

eg .

Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before .

（7）主句是There be结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用that作关系代词。

eg .

There is a man that is reading under the tree .

（8）被修饰成分为表语，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时。

eg .

That’s a good book that will help you a lot .

My home village is no longer the place that it used to be .

8. 定语从句中常用who，而不用that的情况。

（1）先行词为one，ones，anyone或those时。

eg .

The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well .

Anyone who failed the exam should do more exercises .

（2）在There be结构中，修饰主语的定语从句常用关系代词who指代人。

eg .

There is a farmer who has planted many trees these years .

There are many students who want to take part in the sports meeting .

（3）当先行词有较长的后置定语时。

eg .

I was talking to a person at three yesterday who comes from Canada .

[例1] We don’t like the people smoke a lot .

答案：who / that

分析：先行词是people，表示“人”，所以关系代词用who或that，而且这两个关系代词在从句中做主语，因此不可以被省略。

[例2] A blind person is one cannot see anything .

答案：who

分析：先行词是one，指人，关系代词可选用who或that，但由于先行词是one，按照规定，关系代词只能用who。

[例3] This is one of the songs that very popular among young people .

A. is B. are C. was D. were

答案：B

分析：“one of the + 复数名词”这个结构后面的定语从句中的谓语动词常用复数，但若这一结构前面带有the only这个限定语时，后面的定语从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。

eg .

He is the only one of the farmers who has learned the Rnowledge of farming .

一. 用who，that，which等关系代词填空：

1. The house we live in is very old .

2. Those are the shoes I lost last week .

3. That is the man found my handbag .

4. Lucy can’t eat food has chocolate in it.

5. The car my uncle bought last month is very beautiful .

6. The village Guo Peng lives in is very far away .

7. The boy is wearing the black jacket is very clever .

8. I hate people talk much but do little .

9. The detective found the thieves robbed the Bank of Hawaii .

10. My aunt works in a university has over five thousand students .

11. George Mallory was an English school teacher loved climbing .

12. The necklace she is wearing is beautiful .

13. I didn’t see the man stole my handbag .

14. We were very grateful to the vet treated our dog .

15. My brother broke the digital camera I bought last weekend .

16. Most people live in less developed countries are quite poor .

17. The injection the doctor gave me wasn’t painful at all .

18. Jim’s Dad hates to drink coffee has milk in it .

19. People use credit cards to buy things online should be very careful .

20. Don’t do anything takes away from your self-respect .

21. The magazine I borrowed from the library was newly published .

22. The ID card I lost last week was found in a supermarket .

23. The newspapers we have collected will be recycled .

24. Most of the cars were stolen have not been found yet .

25. The students are visiting the natural museum are very interested in the dinosaurs .

二. 把下列句子连接成定语从句：

1. The boy is my brother . He helped me .

2. The book is very interesting . You lent it to me yesterday .

3. The students will not pass the exam . They don’t study hard .

4. The teacher is our English teacher . You saw her on the playground .

5. The man is our English teacher . He is standing on the playground .

6. The book is good . He is reading it .

7. The letter is from my friend . I received it yesterday .

8. I’m reading a book . Its name is “ Who Moved My Cheese ? ”

9. This is the boy . His sister is a famous singer .

10. Is that the woman ? Her brother is a doctor .

11. I want to talk to the boys . Their homework hasn’t been finished .

12. Do you know the girl ? Her leg was badly hurt in the accident .

三. 翻译下列定语从句：

1. 这就是他为我的生日给我的礼物。

2. 你认识来参加聚会的每个人吗？

3. 我的项链并不是唯一丢失的东西。

4. 这就是Polly住的笼子。

5. 她就是昨天我在学校门口见到的那个女孩。

6. 河北省生产的汽车卖得很好。

7. 我们已经种的那些树长得非常好。

8. 我们已经抓获了一个和布朗夫人描述相一致的人。

9. 那个值500元的毛衣是上海产的。

10. 你认识那个偷汽车的人吗？

11. 那个像鸟的动物是什么？

12. 那个正在给小鸡喂食的妇女是谁？

13. 那个正在电脑旁工作的男子是我的叔叔。

14. 我将对任何一个随便乱动的人射击。

15. 那是你正在寻找的鹦鹉吗？

16. 那个帮助我的女孩是留长头发的。

17. Ben给我的那本书是关于一个著名侦探的。

18. 那个戴太阳镜的人怎么样？

19. 那个找我借VCD的女孩再也没把它还给我。

20. 打碎玻璃的人要赔偿。

参考答案

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1. The boy who / that helped me is my brother .

2. The book that / which you lent to me yesterday is very interesting .

3. The students who / that don’t study hard will not pass the exam .

4. The teacher who / that you saw on the playground is our English teacher .

5. The man who / that is standing on the playground is our English teacher .

6. The book that / which he is reading is good .

7. The letter that / which I received yesterday is from my friend .

8. I’m reading a book whose name is “ Who Moved My Cheese ? ”

9. This is the boy whose sister is a famous singer .

10. Is that the woman whose brother is a doctor ?

11. I want to talk to the boys whose homework hasn’t been finished .

12. Do you know the girl whose leg was badly hurt in the accident .

三.

1. This is the present that / which he gave me for my birthday .

2. Do you know everyone who / that comes to the party ?

3. My necklace is not the only thing that is lost .

4. This is the cage that / which Polly lives in .

5. She is the girl that / who / whom I met at the school gate yesterday .

6. The cars which / that are produced in Hebei Sell well .

7. The trees that / which we have planted grow well .

8. We have caught a person who / that matches the discription of Mr Brown .

9. The sweater which / that costs 500 yuan is produced in Shanghai .

10. Do you know the man who / that stole the car ?

11. What is the animal which / that is like a bird ?

12. Who is the woman that is feeding the chickens ?

13. The man who / that is working at the computer is my uncle .

14. I’ll shoot at anyone who moves about .

15. Is that the parrot which you’re looking for ?

16. The girl who / that helps me has long hair .

17. The book that / which Ben gave me is about a famous detective .

18. How about the man who / that wears sunglasses ?

19. The girl who / that borrowed VCD from me hasn’t returned it to me .

20. People who / that break the windows should pay for them .