Text 1
Section 1
Man: Hello,this is Land Transport information at toronto Airport.
Woman: Oh,good morning,I’m flying to toronto Airport
next week, and I need to get to a town called um,Milton.Cpould you tell me how I can get there?
Man: Milton,did you say? Let me see. I think that’s about 150 miles south-west of here .In fact it’s 147 miles to be exact, so it’ll take you at least –say ,three to four hours by road.
Woman: Wow! Is it as far as that?
Man: yes,I’m afraid so.But you have a number of options to get you here and you can always rent a car right hereat the airport,of course.
Woman: Right. Well, I don’t really want to drive myself ，so I’d like more information about public transport.
Man: Ok.In that case the quickest and most comfortable is a cab and of course there are always plenty available.But it’ll cost you.you can also take a greyhound bus or there’s an airport shuttle Service to Miiton.
Woman: Hummm, I think for that kind of distance a cab would be way beyond my budget. But the bus sounds OK.Can you tell me how much that would cost?
Man: Sure. Let’s see. That wold be $15 one way,or $27.50 return. That’s on the Greyhound.
Woman:Oh,that’s quite cheap-great!.but whereabouts does ie stop in Milton?
Man: It goes directly from the airport here to the City Centre and it’s pretty fast.But you have to bear in mind that there is only one departure a day, so it depends what time your flight gets in.
Woman: Oh,of course. Hang on, we’re due to get there at 11:30 am.
Man: Hmmm, too bad, the bus leaves at 3:45, so you would have quite a wait – more than 4 hours.
Woman:Oh,I see. Well, what about the shuttle you mentioned?
Man: OK. That’s the Airport Shuttle that will take you from the airport right to your hotel or private address. It’s a door-to-door service and it would suit you much better,because there’s one every two hours.
Woman: So how much does that cost?
Man: Let’s see. Yeah, that’s $35 one way, $65 return, so I guess it’s a bit more expensive than the Greyhound.
Woman:Oh, that doesn’t sound too bad.especially if it*ll take me straight to the hotel.
Man:But you do need to reserve a seat.
Woman:OK. Is it possible to make a booking right now? Through you?
Man:Sure.
Man: OK.I just have to fill this form out for you. So what date do you want to book this for?
Woman:The 16th of Octobler –oh,no,sorry.that’s my departure date. I arrive on the 17th, so book it for then,please.
Man: So, That’s the Toronto Airport Shuttle to Milton.And this is for just one person or…?
Woman: yes, just me, please.
Man:Right. And you said your excepted time of arrival was 11:30? So if I book your Shuttle for after 12:00- let’s say, 12:30 that should give you plenty of time to, you know, collect your baggage maybe grab a coffee?
Woman:Yeah, that sounds fine, as long as we land on time!
Man: Well,we’ll take you flight details so you don’t need to warry too much about that. Now. what about the fare? What sort of ticket do you want? One way or…？
Woman:Yes,that’ll be fine, provided I can book the return trip once I’m there.
Man:No problem – just allow a couple of days in advanced to make sure you get a seat. And what’s you name, please?
Woman:Janet, Janet Thomson.
Man:Is that Thompson spelt with a “p”?
Woman: No,it’s T-H-O-M-S-O-N.
Man: OK,And you’ll be coming from the UK? What flight will you be travelling on?
Woman:Oh, it’s Air Canada flight number AC936, from London Heathrow.
Man:Right. Now,do you know where you’ll be staying? We need to give the driver an address.
Woman:yes, it’s called the Vacation Mote-and I think it’s near the town centre. Anyway, the address is 24 Kitchener Street- that’s kitchener street.
Man: That’s fine. Right. So that’s $35 to pay please. Have you get your credit card number there？
Woman:Yes, it’s a VISA card ,and the number is 3303 8450 2045 6837
Man: OK，well,that seems to be everything .have a good trip and we’ll see you in Toronto next week.
Woman:yes, bye-ok, thanks for your help!
Section 2
Thank you all for coming to my talk this evening. It’s nice to see many people in the audience . For those of you who don’t know very much about PS Camping , let me start by giving you some background information about the company.
The company started twenty-five years ago. It actually opened as a retail chain selling camping equipment and then twenty years ago, it bought a small number of campsites in the UK ,and began offering camping holidays. The company grew rapidly and has been providing holidays in continental Europe for the last fifteen years.
If you book a camping holiday with us, you’ll have a choice of over three hundred sites. In Italy we now have some 64 sites that we either own, or have exclusive use of France is where we have the majority of sites, and we currently have a project to expand into Switzerland. We also have a number of sites in Northern Spain, particularly in the mountainous region of picos de Europa. We’ve upgraded all these Spanish sites, and improved them considerably from their original three-star rating
We believe our holidays offer superb facilities for the whole family. Parents who want their children to be fully occupied for all or part of the day can take advantage of our children’s activities. These are organised by our well-qualified and enthusiastic staff. Each day kicks off a sports match, perhaps football, or volleyball, followed by an hour of drama for everyone. This may include singing or dancing, mime or other activities. In the afternoon, there’s a different art activity for each day of the week including a poster competition or model making. What’s more, our sites are truly child-friendly, and, with this in mind, we operate a no-noise rule in the evenings. Children’s evening activities usually finish at 9:30, or occasionally 10, and from 10:30 holiday-makers are expected to be quiet in the areas where there are tents.
We want nothing to go wrong on a PS Camping holiday, but if it does, we also want all customers to be insured. If you haven’t organised an annual insurance policy of your own you’ll need to take out the low-cost cover we offer and we require that you arrange this when you take your holiday reservation.
There are many advantages to choosing PS Camping, and to recommending it to others. As a regular customer. You’ll be kept informed of special offers. And your friends can benefit from ten per cent off their holiday, or book a luxury tent for the price of a standard one. In return, we’ll send you a thank-you present, which you can choose from a list of high-quality items.
When it comes to our tents, these are equipped to the highest standard. We really do think of every essential detail, from an oven and cooking rings fuelled by bottled gas, to mirrors in the bedroom areas. If you don’t want to cook indoors, you can borrow a barbecue if you ask in advance for one to be made available, and there’s even a picnic blanket to sit on outside your tent. Inside, a box of games and toys can be found, and children’s tents can be hired if required, All tents have a fridge, and if you want to spend the day on the beach, for example, ask for a specially designed PS Camping cool box, which will keep your food and drinks chilled. There are excellent washing facilities at all our sites, with washing machines and clothes lines in the central areas, along with mops and buckets in case your tent needs cleaning during your stay. All sites have a cafe and/or a shop for those who’d rather ‘eat in’ than dine at a local restaurant.
Section 3
Tutor:Well, you’ve both been looking at different styles of managing individuals，in companies and the workplace. How’s the research going,philip?
Philip:Well, I’ve been looking at why individualism, I mean individual
difference, are such an important area of management studies. When you think about any organization, be it a family business or a multinational company, they are all fundamentally a group of people working together. But it’s what these individuals contribute to their pleases of work that makes you realize how important they are. Of course they bring different ideas, but it’s also their attitudes and their experiences of learning. Diversity is important in these areas too.
Tutor:So why do people behave so differently from one another at work?
Philip:There are lots of reason but research has shown a lot of it comes down to personality. And the other factor is gender. It’s a well known fact that men and women do lots of things in different ways, and the workplace is no different.
Tutor:Did you look at the effects of this variation on companies?
Philip:Yes, I did. On the positive side, exposure to such diversity helps encourage creativity which is generally an asset to a company. But unfortunately individual difference are also the root of conflict between staff and they can lead to difficulties for management, which can sometimes be serious.
**********************************************
Tutor:Thanks,philip. So now I guess the two main things to remember here are to identify individual talent and then to utilize it. So Janice, you were looking at
identifying different talents in workers Do you think this is easy for managers to do?
Janice:Well,currently teamwork is in fashion in the workplace and in my opinion the importance of the individual is generally neglected. What managers should be targeting is those employees who can take the lead in a situation and are not afraid to accept the idea of responsibility.
Tutor:That’s true. Janice but unfortunately many managers think the entire notion of encouraging individuality amongst their staff is far too hard.
Janice:Yes. That may be true but I think one of the most important tasks of managers is to consider the needs of the individual on one hand and group co-operation and conformity on the other. It requires creative thinking on the part of management to avoid tension.
Tutor:So Janice, what kind of people do you think companies should be looking for?
Janice Well, it has to start from the very beginning when companies are looking for new employees. When the personal department is choosing between applicants they need to look for someone who’s broken the mould and can think for themselves. Instead, people making these decisions often ues a range of psychological tests to see if a person is a problem solver, or will do as they’re told. I’m not convinced these qualities are actually the most important.
Tutor:So do you think being a good team player is overrated?
Janice No,it’s not overrated. You do need to learn the rules and learn them fast. No individual can get around this if you’re working in an organization.
Tutor:So how should managers deal with this?
Janice Rewards. When an individual demonstrates, the behaviour the organisation expects, some kind of incentive can be given. What’s important here is that this happens right at the beginning so new recruits learn the rules of the system immediately. Also the incentive should be something the individual actually wants, and this isn’t always just money。
Tutor:To come back to you, philip. You were saying that recognition of good performers is essential. What else should managers be looking for?
Philip:Well,managing people means you not only have an understanding of your employees,but you also recognise the culture of the organization. In fact, for some organizations creativity and individuality may be the last thing they want to see during working hours.
Tutor:Very true.
Philip:Yes,but managing people isn’t as easy as it looks. For example, change in the workplace can be quite tricky. Especially if there’s a need to increase profit，.
And at times like these managers may have to give priority to profit rather than individual staff needs.
Tutor:yes,and that creates difficult situations for people.
Philip:Yes, but what’s important is that managers are able to deal with quite high levels of personal stress. During times of change they should be thinking not only about the strain on their staff but take time out to think of themselves.
Tutor:Absolutely. So what are the implications of that for…
Section 4
Good afternoon, everyone!
This is the first seninar in preparation for our archaeological fieldwork in Namibia, we are fantastically luck to have received partial research funding for this trip from our Institute, so I shall expect 200% attention and participation from you all. First in this seminar, I’m going to give a brief introduction to contemporary research on rock art, and in the second part I’m going to give you some do’s and don’ts for our fieldwork trip in April – so please listen very carefully.
I’m first going to focus on the interpretation of rock art in Namibia, we are very fortunate to be going to an area where you can find some of the most important sites in the entire world. And I hope to show you how easy it is foe
everyone to make mistakes in looking at cultures which are different from our pwn – the first and most important lesson we have to learn.
In Namibia there are both paintings and engraving – that’s where the surface of the rock is cut out. Many of the engravings show footprints of animals and most scholars used to think that the purpose of these was simple and obvious. This r ock art was like a school book with picture to teach children about tracks whick belonged to which animal – giraffe, lion and so on.
But there were some mysteries. First, when you look at a typical Namibian painting or engraving, you see the tracks are repeated, there are dozens of tracks for the same animal. You’d expect just one clear illustration if the reason – the aim – was to teach tracking.
Now there were two more problem, why are some of the engraving of animals
very accurate as you’d expect – all clearly identifiable- and others quite
unrealistic
And another mystery – some of these unrealistic animals – that*s in the engravings – seem to be half human. Some, for example, have got human faces, Many reaearchers now think that these were pictures the wise men engraved of themselves. They belived they could use magic to control the animals they had drawn, so the hunters could then catch them for food.
This shows you some of the dangers of coming from one culture to another, as
we’ll be doing, without understanding it fully. Scholars imagined that children looked at rock art pictures to learn to track – just because they themselves had learnt skills from pictures, many researchers now believe that rock art had a much more complex purpose, and we*ll talk more about it next week.!
Now before I invite you to join in a discussion in this second part of the seminar, I’d like to make some very important points about pur fieldwork – and in face any field trip to look at rock art.
We’re going to a number of sites, and we won’t always to together. The single largest problem faced by people who manage the sites is – yes, I’m sure you’ve guessed – damage caused by visi tors, even though it’s usually unintentional.
Whenever,you do go to a site, don’t forget you can learn many things from observing at a distance instead of walking all over it. This can really help to reduce visitor pressure. People often say. “Well,there’s only two of us and just this one time”,but maybe thousands of people are saying the same thing.
And then some basic rules to guide you – we’ll have our own camp near a village, but remember never to camp on a site if you go on your own,. It may be disrespectful to the people of that culture, and certainly don’t make fires, however romantic it may seem, It’s really dangerous in dry areas, and you can easily burn priceless undiscovered material by doing so.
So, how are we going to enjoy the rock art on our field trip? By looking at it, drawing it and photographine it – NEVER by touching it or even tracing it. Rock art is fragile and precious.
Remember that climbing on rocks and in caves can destroy in a moment what has lasted for centuries. So no heroics in Namibia, please! Try to be extra careful and help others to be too.
And lastly please don’t even move rocks or branches to take photographs – you should leave the site intace – I’m sure I can rely on you to do that..
Well,That’s about all I want to say before today’s first discussion, but if you have any question please ask them now – and don’t forget you’ll find some fascinating information about world-wide sites on the Internet. Right, first question then?
Text 2
Section 1
Woman: Hello… motor insurance department …
Man: Oh hello… I’d like to ask about insurance for my car.
Woman: Yes, of course. I’ll just take a few details. What’s your name?
Man: Patrick Jones.
Woman: And your addrss?
Man: It’s 27 Bank Road.
Woman: Man: Woman: Man: Woman: Man: Woman: Man: Woman: Man: 27 Bank Road. Is that in Greendale?
Yes.
And what’s your daytime phone number?
My work number is 730453.
And could ask what your occupation is?
Dentist. OK… now a few details about your car… What size is the engine?It’s a Hewton Sable.
Could you spell the model name please?
Yes… S-A-B-L-E.
Woman: Ah yes… thanks. And when was it made?
Man: 1997.
Woman: Lovely… right… I presume you’ve had a previous insurer?
Man: Yes.
Woman: Right… we need to know the name of the company.
Man: Yes… it was Northern Star.
Woman: Thank you, and have you made any insurance claims in the last five years?
Man: Yes… one in 1999.
Woman: And what was the problem?
Man: It was stolen… but…
Woman: That’s fine, Mr Jones… that’s all we need to know at moment…
…………………………………………………………....
Woman: And will there be any other named drivers?
Man: Just the one …
Woman: And his name?
Man: Simon Paynter.
Woman: Could you spell the surname please?
Man: P-A-Y-N-T-E-R.
Woman: OK thank you… And what relaionship is he to you?
Man: He is my brother-in-law.
Woman: And what will you Mr Paynter be using the car for?
Man: Well… mainly for social use…
Woman: Social use (murmuring). Will you be using it to travel to work？
Man: Yes… sometimes.
Woman: …Anything else?
Man: No. that’s it…
Woman: And finally… when would you like to start the insurance？
Man: I’ll need it from the 31st of January.
Woman: Right… Mr Jones… I’m getting a couple of quotes coming up on the computer now… and the best bet looks like being with a company called Red Flag. Man: Yeah.
Woman: And that comes out at ＄540 per year…
Man: Well … that seems OK… it’s quite a bit lower than I’ve been paying up to now…
Woman: Great… so would you like me to go ahead with that?
Man: Sure… why not?
Woman: How would you like to pay?
Section 2
Thank you for calling the Tourist Line. There are many different ways of getting round the city and we’d like to suggest some you may not have thought of.
How about a city trip by boat? Thare are four main stopping points – from west to east: atop A Green Banks, stop B City Bridge, stop C Roman Landing and atop D Newtown.
You can find the main booking office at stop A.
The first boat leaves at 8 a.m. and the last one at 6:30 p.m. There are also many attractions you can visit along the river. At Stop A, If you have time, you can visit the fine 16th century palace here built for the king with its beautiful formal gardens. It’s very near the booking office. Now you can enjoy every corner of this superb residence.
Stop B Why don’t you visit Tower Restaurant with ies wide range of refreshments? This is a place where you can sit and enjoy the wonderful views over the old commercial and banking centre of the city.
Stop C is the area where, in the first century AD, invading soldiers crossed the river, tjis was much shallower than it is now. That’s why this area is called Roman Landing. There*s an interactive Museum to visit here with a large shop which has a good range of local history books.
At the furthest point of the trip, stop D, the most exciting place to visit is the new Entertainment Complex with seven-screen cinema, bowling alley and video games arcade.
Besides the boat tours, there are city buses, Two companies offer special services: The Top Bus Company runs all its tours with a live commentary in english. Tours leave from 8:30 a.m. every 20 minutes. There are departures from Central Station, Castle Hill and Long Walk. This is a hop-on hop-off service and tickets are valid for 24 hours. For further details call Top Bus on 0208 9447810.
The Number One Sightseeing Tour is available with a commentary in eight languages. Buses depart from Central Station every five to six minutes from about 9 a.m. with the last bus at around 7 p.m. There are also Number One servives with an english- speaking...
Section 3
Interviewer: We’re pleased to welcome Dr Martin Merry whether of the Antarctic Centre in Christchurch, New Zealand who has come along to talk to us today about the role of the Centre and the Antarctic Treaty.
Interviewer: Now my first question is about the choice of location for the centre. Why Christchurch? Was it because of the climate?
Doctor: Well, actually New Zealand is the second closest country to Antarctica and Christchurch is often used on Antarctic expeditions.
Interviewer: Right. So it’s because of where we are… coupled with our historical role. So tell us – what is the main purpose of the centre?
Doctor: Well…we have two complementary roles. One is as a scientific base for expeditions and research and the other is as an information centre.
Interviewer: Tell ue something about the role as a scientific base.
Doctor: We’re able to provide information about what scientists should take with them to the South Pole – for example, the centre contains a clothing warehouse where expeditions are supplied with suitable clothing for the extreme conditions.
Interviewer: I suppose you need a bit more than your normal winter coat!
Doctor: yes, exactly and then there’s also the specialist library and mapping services.
Interviewer: Right. And which countries are actually located at the centre?
Doctor: Well…the centre houses research programmes for New Zealand, for The United States as well as for Italy…there*re even a US post office at the American airforce base here.
Interviewer: Really?And what does the visitor’s centre offer?
Doctor: Well, since very few people will ever experience the Antarctic first hand, the visitors* centre aims to recreate the atmosphere of Antarctica. There’s a mock camp site where you can see inside an Antarctic tent and imagine yourself
sleeping there. And the centre also acts as a showcase for the unique international co-operation which exists in Antarctica today.
Interviewer: What is it actually like at the South Pole? I know you’ve been there on a number of occasions.
Doctor: yes. I have and each time I’m struck by the awesome beauty of the place. It*s magnificent but you can really only visit it in the summer months.
Interviewer: October to March.
Doctor: yes. Because It’s completely dark for four months of the year…and in addition it has to be the coldest place on earth.
Interviewer: Colder than the North Pole? Why’s that?
Doctor: Well, unlike the North Pole, which is actually a frozen sea, Antarctic is a land mass shaped like a dome, with the result that the winds blow down the slpoes at speeds of up to 150 km an hour and that’s what makes it so cold, and one other interesting things is that Antarctic is the driest continent on earth, surprisingly, and so you have to drink large amounts of water when you’re there.
Interviewer: How old is Antarctica?
Doctor: We’re pretty sure it was part of a larger land mass but it broke away from the rest of the continent 170 million years ago.
Interviewer: How can you be certain of this?
Doctor: …because fossils and rocks have been discovered in Antarctica which are the same as those found in places such as Africa and Australia.
Interviewer: Amazing…To think that it was once attached to Africa…
Interviewer: Now let’s just have a look at the Antarctic Treaty, How far back does the idea of an international treaty go?
Doctor: Well, as far back as the 19th century, when eleven nations organised an international event.
Interviewer: When was that exactly?
Doctor: In 1870. And it was called the Polar Research Metting. And then, Not long after that, they organised something called the First International Polar Year.
Interviewer: And that took place when exactly?
Doctor: Over two years from 1882 to 1883. But it wasn’t until the 1950s that the idea of an international treaty was proposed. And in 1959 the Treaty was actually signed.
Interviewer: What do you see as the main achievements of the treaty?
Doctor: Well, firstly it means that the continent is reserved for peaceful use.
Interviewer: That’s Article a, isn’t it?
Doctor: Yes…
Interviewer: That’s important since the territory belongs to everyone.
DOCTOR: yes but not as important as Article 5, which prohibits any nuclear explosions or waste disposal.
Interviewer: Which is marvellous. Well, I’m afraid we’re going to have to stop there because I’m afraid we’ve run out of time. Thanks for coming along today and telling us all about the centre and its work.
Section 4
My topic is handedness – whether in different sports it is better to be left – or right-sided or whether a more balanced approach is more successful .I’m left-handed myself and I actually didn’t see any relevance to my own life when I happened to start reading an article by a sports psychologist called Peter Matthews. He spent the first part of the article talking about handedness in music instead of sport, which I have to say almost put me off from reading further. But what I soon became struck by was the sheer volume of both observation and investigation he had done in many different sports and I felt persuaded that what
he had to say would be of real interest. I think Matthews findings will be beneficials, not so much in helping sportspeople to work on their weaker side, but more that they can help them identify the most suitable strategies to use in a given game. Although most trainers know how important handedness is, at present they are rather reluctant to make use of the insights scientists like Matthews can give, which I think is rather short-sighted because focusing on individual flexibility is only part of the story.
Anyway, back to the article.
Matthews found a German study which looked at what he called mixed-handedness in 40 musicians on a variety of instruments. Researchers examined a number of variables, e.g.type of instrument played, regularity of practice undertaken and length of time plating instrument…and found the following keyboard players had high levels of mixed-handedness in each. By the way, he uses “handesness” to refer to the dominant side for feet and eyes as well as hands. Anyway, his team measured the hand, feet, and eyes of 2,6111 players and found that there were really three main types of laterality: mixed – you work equally well on both sides – both hand and eye, single – you tend to favour one side but both hand and eye favour the same side, and cross-laterality – a player’s hands and eyes favour only one side but they are opposite sides. Let’s start with hockey. Matthews found that it was best to be mixed-handed – this is because a hockey stick must be deployed in two directions – it would be a drawback to have hand or eye favouring one side. An interesting finding is that mixed-handed hockey players were significantly more confident than their single-handed
counterparts.
Things are slightly different in racket sports like tennis. Here the important thing is to have the dominant hand and eye on the one side. This means that there is a bigger area of vision on the side where most of the action occurs. If a player is cross lateral the racket is invisible from the dominant eye for much of the swing. It means that they can only make corrections much later…and often the damage has been done by then.
And moving to a rather different type of sport which involves large but precise movements – gymnastics. It’s been found that cross hand-eye favouring is best. The predominant reason for this is because it aids balance – which is of course obsolutely central to performance in this sport.
Test 3
SECTION 1
AGENT： Good morning!
STUDENT： Oh，good morning ,Is this…er… room number 26?
AGENT： Yes，that's right
STUDENT： So ls this the Student Job Centre?
AGENT： It certainly is．How can I help you?
STUDENT： Well，actually I’m looking for a job -a part-time Job, Do you have
anything available at the moment?
AGENT： Ah．Yes… Are you a registered student?I`m afraid this service is
only available to full-time students
STUDENT： Yes… I am I'm doing a degree in Business Studies．Here's my
student card
AGENT： Which year are you in?
STUDENT： Well… I've been at uni for four years but I'm in the Third Year because I took last year off.
AGENT： Right… well，let's just have a look at what positions are available at
The moment There's a Job working at the reception desk at the Sports
Centre，for three evenings a week that's Wednesdays ,Thursdays and
Fridays.
STUDENT： That sounds 1ike fun but unfortunately I have evening lectures- so
that's not possible ,I’m afraid Is there anything during the day?
AGENT： OK．That's no good then .Um .What about cleaning ? There's a
position for a cleaner at the Child Care Centre.
STUDENT： Right…．
AGENT： But you'd need to be there at 6 am. Does that appeal?
STUDENT： Six o'clock in the morning! 0h．that's far too early for me. I'm afraid
I'd never make it that early in the morning
AGENT： Lab．for
Mmm… Well—there was a position going in the Computer
three days a week that might be OK .Ah，here it is! No，it's in the
Library .not the Lab．Clerical Assistant required- I think it mostly
involves putting the books back oil the shelves Oh no—hang on. It's
for Wednesday and Friday evenings again
STUDENT： No—I can’t manage that because of the lectures.
AGENT： OK，I'm getting the idea. Look，I'll just get a few details from you
anyway , and then we can check through the list and see what comes up．
AGENT： that's
We’ll fill in the personal details on this application form first, if
OK?
STUDENT： Yes．that's fine
AGENT： Now , what's your name again?
STUDENT： Anita Newman that's N-E-W-M-A-N
AGENT： And your address Anita?
STUDENT： I'm in one of the Halls of Residence for post-graduate students，you
know, International House.
AGENT： OK—that's easy．what's your room number there?
STUDENT： Room B569一no sorry B659 . I always get that wrong. I haven't been
living there very long.
AGENT： Do you have any other skills? Typing，languages，that sort of
thing.
STUDENT： Well．I speak some Japanese
AGENT： available
Right I’ll make a note of that Now- let's see what else is
What do you think of administrative work? There is a position for an
Office Assistant at the English Language Centre
STUDENT： That sounds interesting.
AGENT： It's for 3 days a week—Monday , Friday and Saturday mornings．
Interested?
STUDENT： Mmm, I was hoping to have Saturdays free . But I need the work so
… can you tell me what the job Involves?
AGENT： student
Yes, sure. It says here that you'll be required to deal with
enquiries and answer the phone.
STUDENT： I’m sure I can handle all that without a problem
AGENT： Say,
Great Well，would you like me to arrange an interview for you ?
Friday morning，around ten?
STUDENT： Could we make it a bit later ? Unfortunately , I've got something to do
at ten、Would that be OK?
AGENT： you
Not a problem , How about eleven thirty ? Hope it works out for
Anita
STUDENT： Me too . And thanks for all your help.
SECTION 2
Good morning I'm very pleased to have been invited along to your club to talk about our
Charity Sponsored Walking Holiday for Education Aid . I’ll start by giving you a brief
overview of what it entails . First of all let me explain what we mean by‘sponsored’ here This
is where people promise to donate money to the charity if you achieve your goal，in this case
to walk a certain number of miles
Basically we are organizing a ten—day holiday , from the sixth to the sixteenth of November,
With eight days actual walking，trekking in the Semira Mountains． Qll
Let's have a look at some of the details We require you to raise sponsorship
money of at least
$3,200，paying $250 of it up front as a deposit and the rest in stages throughout the year．Out
of this about thirty—five per cent will go on your expenses，and that leaves sixty-five per cent guaranteed to go to the charity．
Which brings me to the most important part This trek is being specifically organized to help
Education in the Semira region . Last year we helped train teachers for the disabled，and this
year we're focusing on the pupils．Each of the walkers 'sponsorship money will go to help an
individual special needs pupil in one of the mountain schools In the second part of the talk
I’ll be giving you a lot more details , but back to the basic information .
Age limits．This is the second time we have run this kind of holiday and um，on the first we
even had an eighty-year old，but we found it was wise to establish limits this
time . You have to
be at least eighteen and the top limit is now seventy , though you need to obtain a health
certificate from your doctor if you are over sixty years old .
Now the Semira Mountains are among the highest in the world but you mustn’t be too
daunted，we will mainly be trekking in the foothills only , although there will be spectacular
views even in the foothills . However , you will need to be extremely fit if you aren’t now and
you’re interested in coming with us . You have plenty of time to get into shape．You will be
sleeping in tents so you must have quite a bit of equipment with you but you will be helped
by local assistants .Your bedding and so forth will be carded by them . We ask that you only
walk with a small rucksack with needs for the day .
I don’t think I've really said enough about the marvellous area you’ll be walking in . Let's have
a look at some of the sights you’11 be seeing Apart from these spectacular snow-covered
peaks and valleys, there are marvellous historic villages．The area has been famous for
centuries for making beautiful carpets , although recently there has been a trend to move
into weaving blankets and wood carving The people are extremely friendly and welcoming .
We deliberately keep the parties small in size to minimize disruption to people and landscape .
I hope that there are still some people interested . I will be distributing leaflets at the end
where you call find out more information，but just for the moment I’ll outline the itinerary,
the main highpoints of the holiday．Obviously , you’ll start by flying out to Kishba ，the
capital city , on Day One．After a couple of days to acclimatize yourself , you’ll start the trek
on Day Three walking through the enormous Katiba Forest which will take the whole of the
day．Day Four takes us higher up，going through the foothills past a number of villages and
visiting a school for the disabled in Sohan . Then you have a rest day ,that's Day Five ,before
going to the spectacular Kumi Temple with twelfth-century carvings ,set in a small forest by
a lake and that's Day Six，the highlight for many．We stay near there for Day Seven because
then comes the hardest day ,walking through very mountainous country ,but culminating in a
swim in the Parteh Falls , This is the highest waterfall in the region . Day Nine is much easier,
with part of the day spent in a village where they make some of the gorgeous red blankets．
Then back down to Kishba and the journey home
So you can see it's a pretty packed timetable…
SECTION 3
SIMON： Thanks to all of you for coming along today to hear about how the
robotic float project is helping with ocean research . Well，first of all
we’ll look at what a robotic float does and its use．So let's start with
the device itself .It looks a bit like a cigar and it's about one and a half
metres long . More importantly it's full of equipment that's designed
to collect data . So．it can help us in building up a pro different
factors which work together within the world's oceans
STUDENT 1： Sounds like a big project- isn't it too big for one country to
undertake?
SIMON： That's quite true but this project is a really good example of
international co-operation . Over the last five years scientists from
thirteen countries have been taking part in the project and launching
floats in their area of ocean control . And next year this number will
rise to fourteen when Indonesia joins the project
STUDENT 2： That's impressive
SIMON： But let's move onto how floats work
SIMON： The operational cycle goes like this Each of the floats is dropped in
the ocean from a boat at a set point and activated from a satellite
Then the float immediately sinks about 2,000 metres．．．that's two
whole kilometres down in the water．It stays at this depth for about 10
days and is carried around by the currents which operate in the ocean
at this level . During this time it's possible for it to cover quite large
distances but the average is fifty kilometres
STUDENT 2： So what is it actually recording ?
SIMON： Well at this stage nothing．but as it rises to the surface it collects all
sorts of data，most importantly variations in salinity ,that's salt levels
and the changes In temperature，a bit like underwater weather balloons”
then when it gets back to the surface all the data it's collected is
beamed up to the satellite . After about five hours on the surface the
float automatically sinks , beginning the whole process again
STUDENT 1： What happens to the data?
SIMON： Well the information Is transferred direct to onshore meteorological
stations．．．like our one in Hobart．．． and within four hours the
findings can be on computers and they can be mapped and analysed．
STUDENT 2： You say you're building models of the world's ocean systems but
how're they going to be used，and more importantly , when?
SIMON： Some of the data has already helped in completing projects . For
example，our understanding of the underlying causes of El Niňo
events is being confirmed by float data Another way we’re using float
data is to help us to understand the mechanics of climate change，like
global warming and ozone depletion That's part of an ongoing
variability study but the results are still a long way off.
However , this is not the case with our ocean weather forecasting .
Because we know from the floats what the prevailing weather
conditions will be in certain parts of the ocean，we can advise the
navy on search and rescue missions . That's happening right now and
many yachtsmen owe their lives to the success of this project . In
addition，the float data can help us to look at the biological
implications of ocean processes．
STUDENT 1： Would that help with preserving fish stocks ?
SIMON： Yes．and advising governments on fisheries legislation . We're well on
the way to completing a project on this . We hope it will help to bring
about more sustainable fishing practices . We’1l be seeing the results of
that quite soon It sounds like t
STUDENT 2： It sounds like the data from floats has lots of applications．
SIMON： Yes it does . It's also a powerful agricultural tool . If we were aware of
what the weather would be like，say , next year . we could make sure
that the farmers planted appropriate grain varieties to produce the
best yield from the available rainfall
STUDENT 1： That sounds a bit like science fiction．Especially when now we can’t
Even tell them when a drought will break
SIMON： I agree that this concept is still a long way in the future，but it will
come eventually and the float data will have made a contribution .
SECTION 4
Good morning everyone . Today's lecture forms part of the Hospitality and Tourism module
Last week 1 looked at the economy end of the hotel business；this week I'm going to discuss
The luxury end of the market . Let's consider the following scenario. . .
You wake up in the middle of the night in a strange hotel miles away from home , disoriented
most probably from jet lag，when even the most expensive surroundings can seem empty and
dispiriting . You have paid a great deal of money to stay in this first—class
hotel with its
contemporary technology ,but according to recent research carried out by an international
travel and public relations company , all is not well . The research suggests that even the most
opulent，luxurious hotels seem to have underestimated the most basic needs of their
customers- be they travelling for work or pleasure：the need to feel at home in surroundings which are both familiar and inviting . Do these findings , however apply only to hotels situated in particular areas ? Is it possible that
the external environment can affect a guest's well-being ? The company's research covered a
whole range of different hotel types , both independent hotels and those which are part of
large chains . They investigated chic so-called boutique hotels in the heart of
downtown
business districts，stately mansions located in the depths of beautiful countryside ,and plush
hotels built at the edge of tropical beaches surrounded by palm trees and idyllic blue ocean
And the research concluded that what was outside the hotel building simply didn't matter．
This is a fascinating revelation and those of you hoping to move into careers in the travel and
leisure industry would be well advised to look at the findings in more detail .
But back to the main point of this lecture the need to feel at home What can the hotel
industry do about it ? And is the very idea so subjective that it's impossible to do anything
about it on a global basis?
However , nothing stands still in this world One company has come up with the slogan ‘Take
Your Home With You’ , and aims to provide clients with luxury serviced apartments . Those in
the business travel industry maintain that these serviced apartments dispense with all the
unwanted and expensive hotel services．That business travelers don't want ,while maximizing
the facilities they do want . For example , not only sleeping and living accommodation，but
also a sleek modern kitchen that allows guests to cook and entertain if they wish，at no
additional cost . The attractions of such facilities ale obvious and it'll be interesting to see
whether the company manages to establish a trend all over the world and make a lasting
impact on the luxury accommodation market
Now finally 1 want to consider the psychology underpinning the traditional holiday hotel
industry As a hotelier , how do you go about attracting people to give up the security of their
own home and entrust themselves to staying ln a completely strange place and sleeping in an
unfamiliar bed ? Firstly , hotels exploit people's need to escape the predictability of their
everyday lives . For a few days people can pretend they are free of responsibilities and can
indulge themselves . Secondly , there is something very powerful in our need to be pampered
and looked after . it's almost as if we return to being a baby ,when everything was done for us
and we felt safe and secure . And not far removed from this is the pleasure in being spoilt
and given little treats like the miniscule bottles of shampoo and tiny bars of soap ,the
chocolate on your pillow at night—and we actually forget that we are paying for it all
Next week，I’m going to look at eco-hotels．a fairly new phenomenon but increasingly
Popular. . .
Test 4
SECTION 4
OFFICER： Yes ,what can I do for you?
SUTDENT： My friend Is in homestay … and she really enjoys it… so I'd like to
join a family as well
OFFICER： Okay ,so let me get some details What's your name?
SUTDENT： My name is Keiko Yuichini
OFFICER： Could you spell your family name for me?
SUTDENT： It's … Yuichini that's Y_U—l—C—H—I—N．I_
OFFICER： And your first name?
SUTDENT： It's Keiko．K．E-I—K—O
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