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英语语法:动名词的详细分析讲解

2020-09-13 来源:钮旅网
英语语法:动名词的详细分析讲解  1. 动名词概说  动名词既具有动词的性质,⼜具有名词的性质,因此叫动名词。  ① 动名词的动词性质表现在,它可以和宾语或状语组成动名词短语  如:  My job is arranging the agenda for my boss.  我的⼯作是为⽼板安排⽇程。  I finished the project in a month by working overtime.  我靠加班在⼀个⽉内做完了这个项⽬。  ② 动名词的名词性质表现在,它可以在句⼱⽤作主语、宾语等  如:  Studying abroad can be a good experience.  留学是⼀种很好的经历。(作主语)  I regret telling her the truth.  我后悔告诉她事实真相了。(作宾语)  2. 动名词的形式和特征  动名词由“动词原形do+ - ing”构成。  动名词有以下时态与语态的变化:  ① 动名词的⼀般式  1)⼀般式所表⽰的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发⽣,表⽰经常性、习惯性的动作(或状态),也可能在谓语动词表⽰的动作之后发⽣。  I enjoy skiing in nature.  我享受在⼤⾃然中滑雪。(enjoy与skiing同时发⽣)  He insisted on going with us.  他坚持跟我们⼀起去。(going发⽣在insisted on之后)  2)有的动名词所表⽰的动作发⽣在谓语动词表⽰的动作之前,如:  We don't remember reading the article before.  我们不记得以前看过这篇⽂章了。(reading发⽣在remember之前)  They will never forget running into the super model in the mall.  他们永远不会忘记在商场⾥偶遇那位超模。(running into发⽣在forget之前)  ② 动名词的完成式  动名词的完成式表⽰的动作发⽣在谓语动词表⽰的动作之前。  如:  I remembered having met him before.  我记得之前见过他。  She denied having skipped class.  她否认逃课。  ③ 动名词的被动式  动名词的被动式也有⼀般式与完成式两种。  Being abandoned by the owner happens to pets a lot.  Being abandoned by the owner happens to pets a lot.  有很多宠物被主⼈抛弃。(⼀般式)

  Jeremy came to the party without being invited.  杰⾥⽶未被邀请就来参加了派对。(⼀般式)

  Helen forgot having been taken to the zoo when she was three years old.  海伦忘记⾃⼰3岁时曾被带去动物园玩。(完成式)  The door showed no sign of having been fixed.  那扇门没有任何被修过的迹象。(完成式)  ④ 动名词的否定式

  动名词的否定式由“not+动名词”构成。  You will regret not following my advice.  你会后悔没听我的劝告。

  I am sorry for not calling you back.  很抱歉没有回电话给你。  ⑤ 动名词的复合结构

  动名词复合结构由“物主代词或名词所有格+动名同”构成。

  在动名词复合结构中,物主代词或名词所有格是动名词的逻辑主语。这种复合结构多⽤作主语或宾语,也可⽤作表语或介词宾语。当动名词短语作宾语,放在动词或介词后时,名词所有格或物主代词分别可⽤名词普通格或⼈称代词宾格代替。  如:

  She suggested us forgiving him.  她建议我们原谅他。(作宾语)

  His not knowing English brought him a lot of inconvenience.  他不懂英语,这给他带来许多⿇烦。(作主语)  Our only worry is George’s overestimating himself.  我们唯⼀担⼼的就是乔治⾼估了他⾃⼰。(作表语)  I strongly object to your delivering the speech.  我强烈反对你发表讲话。(作介词宾语)  3. 动名词的⽤法  ① 动名词作主语

  Retelling stories is very useful.  复述故事是很有⽤的。  Her resigning surprises us.  她的辞职让我们很惊讶。

  在⼀些句⼦中,常⽤ it 作形式主语,将动名词放在句⼦后⾯。此类句型有:  1) It is + no use,no good,no fun/a great pleasure/a waste of time等名词+doing sth  It is no good crying.哭没有好处。  It is no use fixing.修也没有⽤。  It is great fun traveling.旅⾏很有趣。

  It is a waste of time playing computer games.玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。  2) It is + useless,nice,good,interesting,expensive等形容词+doing sth  It is useless crying.哭没有⽤。

  It is useless crying.哭没有⽤。

  It is nice meeting you again.真⾼兴再次见到你。  It is interesting sailing with you.和你⼀起航海真有趣。  ② 动名词作表语

  Seeing is believing.百闻不如⼀见。

  My idea is making a plan first.我的想法是先做⼀个计划出来。

  动名词作表语时与现在进⾏时中的现在分词形式相同,但是两者所属结构完全不⼀样,不能混淆。  试⽐较:

  His job was calling the clients.

  他的⼯作是给客户打电话。(calling是动名词,⽤作表语)  He is calling the clients.

  他正在给客⼈打电话。(calling是现在分词,与was构成过去进⾏时作谓语)  ③ 动名词作宾语

  动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语。  如:

  I haven't finished reading today's newspaper.

  我还没读完今天的报纸。(动名词reading作动词finish的宾语)  I'm afraid of going to the dentist.

  我害怕去看⽛医。(动名词going作介词of的宾语)  ④动名词作定语

  Tiffany received an offer of her dreaming university.  蒂凡尼收到了她梦想中的⼤学的录取通知书。  1 would like to choose a house with a swimming pool.  我想选个带游泳池的房⼦。  4. 动名词与不定式的⽐较

  ① 动名词可以作介词的宾语,还可被名词所有格(或物主代词)修饰;不定式通常不作介词宾语,更不能被名词所有格(或物主代词)修饰。  She is afraid of going to the dentist.(√)  She is afraid of to go to the dentist.(×)  她害怕去看⽛医。  ② 固定⽤法

  1)某些动词后只能加动名词,常见的此类动词有:

admit,avoid,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,finish,include,keep,miss,stop,suggest,give up 等,如:  I enjoy dancing.(√)  l enjoy to dance.(×)  我喜欢跳舞。

  2)某些动词后只能加不定式,常见的此类动词有:

agree,ask,claim,choose,decide,demand,determine,expect,fail,hope,manage,offer,promise,quit,refuse,resolve,wish等,如:

  l decide to quit smoking.(√)  l decide quitting smoking.(X)  我决定戒烟。

  3)某些动词后⾯既可加动名词也可加不定式,常她的此类动词有:

attempt,begin,continue,deserve,fear,forget,help,intend,learn,like,love,mean,need,prefer,regret,remember,start,try等,如:

  She cannot help crying.她不禁哭了起来。  She cannot help to cook.她不能帮忙做饭。

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