Jeremy came to the party without being invited. 杰⾥⽶未被邀请就来参加了派对。(⼀般式)
Helen forgot having been taken to the zoo when she was three years old. 海伦忘记⾃⼰3岁时曾被带去动物园玩。(完成式) The door showed no sign of having been fixed. 那扇门没有任何被修过的迹象。(完成式) ④ 动名词的否定式
动名词的否定式由“not+动名词”构成。 You will regret not following my advice. 你会后悔没听我的劝告。
I am sorry for not calling you back. 很抱歉没有回电话给你。 ⑤ 动名词的复合结构
动名词复合结构由“物主代词或名词所有格+动名同”构成。
在动名词复合结构中,物主代词或名词所有格是动名词的逻辑主语。这种复合结构多⽤作主语或宾语,也可⽤作表语或介词宾语。当动名词短语作宾语,放在动词或介词后时,名词所有格或物主代词分别可⽤名词普通格或⼈称代词宾格代替。 如:
She suggested us forgiving him. 她建议我们原谅他。(作宾语)
His not knowing English brought him a lot of inconvenience. 他不懂英语,这给他带来许多⿇烦。(作主语) Our only worry is George’s overestimating himself. 我们唯⼀担⼼的就是乔治⾼估了他⾃⼰。(作表语) I strongly object to your delivering the speech. 我强烈反对你发表讲话。(作介词宾语) 3. 动名词的⽤法 ① 动名词作主语
Retelling stories is very useful. 复述故事是很有⽤的。 Her resigning surprises us. 她的辞职让我们很惊讶。
在⼀些句⼦中,常⽤ it 作形式主语,将动名词放在句⼦后⾯。此类句型有: 1) It is + no use,no good,no fun/a great pleasure/a waste of time等名词+doing sth It is no good crying.哭没有好处。 It is no use fixing.修也没有⽤。 It is great fun traveling.旅⾏很有趣。
It is a waste of time playing computer games.玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。 2) It is + useless,nice,good,interesting,expensive等形容词+doing sth It is useless crying.哭没有⽤。
It is useless crying.哭没有⽤。
It is nice meeting you again.真⾼兴再次见到你。 It is interesting sailing with you.和你⼀起航海真有趣。 ② 动名词作表语
Seeing is believing.百闻不如⼀见。
My idea is making a plan first.我的想法是先做⼀个计划出来。
动名词作表语时与现在进⾏时中的现在分词形式相同,但是两者所属结构完全不⼀样,不能混淆。 试⽐较:
His job was calling the clients.
他的⼯作是给客户打电话。(calling是动名词,⽤作表语) He is calling the clients.
他正在给客⼈打电话。(calling是现在分词,与was构成过去进⾏时作谓语) ③ 动名词作宾语
动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语。 如:
I haven't finished reading today's newspaper.
我还没读完今天的报纸。(动名词reading作动词finish的宾语) I'm afraid of going to the dentist.
我害怕去看⽛医。(动名词going作介词of的宾语) ④动名词作定语
Tiffany received an offer of her dreaming university. 蒂凡尼收到了她梦想中的⼤学的录取通知书。 1 would like to choose a house with a swimming pool. 我想选个带游泳池的房⼦。 4. 动名词与不定式的⽐较
① 动名词可以作介词的宾语,还可被名词所有格(或物主代词)修饰;不定式通常不作介词宾语,更不能被名词所有格(或物主代词)修饰。 She is afraid of going to the dentist.(√) She is afraid of to go to the dentist.(×) 她害怕去看⽛医。 ② 固定⽤法
1)某些动词后只能加动名词,常见的此类动词有:
admit,avoid,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,finish,include,keep,miss,stop,suggest,give up 等,如: I enjoy dancing.(√) l enjoy to dance.(×) 我喜欢跳舞。
2)某些动词后只能加不定式,常见的此类动词有:
agree,ask,claim,choose,decide,demand,determine,expect,fail,hope,manage,offer,promise,quit,refuse,resolve,wish等,如:
l decide to quit smoking.(√) l decide quitting smoking.(X) 我决定戒烟。
3)某些动词后⾯既可加动名词也可加不定式,常她的此类动词有:
attempt,begin,continue,deserve,fear,forget,help,intend,learn,like,love,mean,need,prefer,regret,remember,start,try等,如:
She cannot help crying.她不禁哭了起来。 She cannot help to cook.她不能帮忙做饭。
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