国家开放大学《人文英语4》单元自测8参考答案
一、选择填空，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。（每题10分）
1、— Have you ever been to Tokyo?
— _________________.
A. No, I didn't go there last year
B. Tokyo is a busy city
C. No, but I hope to go there next year
2、— How are you feeling now?
— _________________.
A. Much better
B. Thank you
C. It's OK
3、How much has the company ________________ this year?
A. brought out
B. brought down
C. brought in
4、It is no use _________to remember only grammar rules.
A. try
B. trying
C. to try
5、He studied hard at school when he was young, _________contributed a lot to his success.
A. therefore
B. what
C. which
6、— How long will you be away from Italy?
— _________________.
A. Yes, it's a long way to Italy
B. About a month
C. Yes, I'll be in Italy
7、— What time does the train leave?
— _________________.
A. In the morning
B. On Tuesday
C. At half past five
8、_____________ no need _____________ the radio as I'm used to studying with it on.
A. There's; turning off
B. It's; to turn down
C. It's; turning up
9、By the year 2020, China's population probably _________1.4 billion.
A. will have reached
B. are reaching
C. will be reaching
10、He would be studying at the university now if he ________the entrance examination.
A. have passed
B. had passed
C. passed
11、— What's the weather like in this area?
— _________________.
A. Very well
B. It's rainy
C. Yes, it's fine
12、The old houses are being pulled down to ______________ a new office block.
A. take the place of
B. make use of
C. make room for
13、All students are required to translate this poem ________English into Chinese.
A. on
B. with
C. from
14、This overcoat cost _______________. What's more, they are ________small for me.
A. very much; very
B. too much; much too
C. much too; too much
15、In _____________, the northerners have a particular liking for dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.
A. general
B. common
C. total
二、阅读理解：选择题（每题10分）
选择题
Alternative Legal Billing – Win Strategies
Hourly billing is the best way to be charged for legal services. About 95 percent of lawyers still perform their legal work on an hourly basis. If you want something better than the old “bill by the hour” deal, try presenting one of these billing structures.
Project billing for routine issues
If your legal needs include large but repetitive tasks, consider a flat-fee approach. Once you get a project billing estimate, don't hesitate to shop around to compare prices and services with other law firms. A firm may provide a better deal if it expects future work from your company.
Results-oriented options
“Pay-according-to-success” is one choice. It considers fees based on the outcome of the case and the performance of your counsel. Contingency fees turn the matter into a shared risk or shared encouragement, making the law firm your business partner, not just representation.
Multi-layered tasks
If you're shopping for a firm for actual legal work involving a number of legal specialties, consider using blended hourly fees. The firm calculates in advance an “average” rate based on the anticipated time each lawyer spends on the matter.
This arrangement helps the client to avoid paying a senior partner's hourly rate for research that should be conducted by a junior associate.
Legal “Insurance”
The contract fee allows the client to pick up the phone and talk to the lawyer without needing to eye the clock. This approach works like a legal insurance policy. It encourages companies to contact their counsel on non-litigation, non-crisis matters, and to save money in the long run by engaging in more preventive legal action.
1.（B）is the best way to be charged for legal services.
A. Results-oriented billing
B. Hourly billing
C. Flat-fee billing
2. A flat-fee approach（A）.
A. is suitable for repetitive tasks
B. is useless
C. is the best choice.
3.（C）make the law firm share your risk and encouragement.
A. Contract fees
B. Blended hourly fees
C. Contingency fees
4. Legal work involving a number of legal specialties should consider using（A）.
A. blended hourly fees
B. insurance fees
C. hourly fees
5. You have to eye the clock when you talk to the lawyer when you choose（B）.
A. legal “Insurance”
B. the old “bill by the hour” deal
C. a flat-fee approach
二、阅读理解：选择题（每题10分）
正误判断题
NEW YORK – The five men facing trial in the Sept. 11 attacks will plead not guilty. They would state their criticisms of U.S. foreign policy, the lawyer for one of the defendants said Sunday.
Scott Fenstermaker, the lawyer for accused terrorist Ali Abd al-Aziz Ali, said the men would not deny their role in the 2001 attacks but “would explain what happened and why they did it.”
Ali and four other men are accused of killing nearly 3,000 people in the nation's deadliest terrorist attack. The U.S. Justice Department announced earlier this month that they will face a civilian federal trial just blocks from the World Trade Center site.
Ali is also known as Ammar al-Baluchi. He is a nephew of claimed 9/11 planner, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed.
Mohammed, Ali and the others will explain “their assessment of American foreign policy,” Fenstermaker said.
“Their assessment is negative,” he said.
Fenstermaker met with Ali last week at the U.S. prison at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba. He has not spoken with the others. But he said the men have discussed the trial among themselves.
Fenstermaker was first quoted in The New York Times in Sunday's editions.
Critics of Attorney General Eric Holder decided to try the men in a New York City civilian courthouse. It has warned that the trial would provide the defendants with a propaganda platform.
Dean Boyd, a spokesman for the Department of Justice, said Sunday that while the men may attempt to use the trial to express their views, “we believe the courts and the federal judge may govern the trial. The course of justice will be led appropriately and with minimal break, as federal courts have done in the past.”
1. The five men thought that the U.S. foreign policy should be blamed for the 911 attack.（T）
2. Scott Fenstermaker is the lawyer for Ali Abd al-Aziz Ali and four other men. （F）
3. Nearly 3,000 people were killed in the 911 attack. （T）
4. The press didn't care about this civilian federal trial. （F）
5. We can infer from the article that the prisoners also have their freedom to express their own views in the U.S.A. （T）
二、阅读理解：选择题（每题10分）
选择题
Is that 6 a.m. wokeout getting in the way of good sleep? Don't think your fat cells won't notice. A new study published in The Annals of Internal Medicine (a medical journal) finds that inadequate shut-eye has a harmful effect on fat cells, reducing their ability to respond to insulin (胰岛素) by about 30 percent. Over the long-term, this decreased response could set the stage for type-2 diabetes (a medical condition in which someone has too much sugar in his or her blood), fatty liver disease and weight gain.
The study adds to a growing body of evidence that there' “an intimate relationship between the amount of sleep we get and our ability to maintain a good, healthy body weight,” says sleep expert Helene Emsellem, director of the
Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders in Chevy Chase, Maryland. But Americans don't seem to be getting the message that we need seven to nine hours par night. More than 1 in 5 of us, according to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is getting six or fewer hours of sleep per night, on average.
So how did researchers study fat cells in the Annals paper? Matthew Brady of the University of Chicago and a group of colleagues selected and persuaded seven volunteers to take part in the research project. They were all young, thin and healthy and agreed to sleep for eight nights in a sleep lab. “For four nights they were allowed to stay in bed for 8.5 hours a night,” says Brady. Then, a month later, they came back for four additional nights——but this time they were allowed just 4.5 hours of sleep per night. And after each visit, researchers got a sample of their fat. Brady explains that the fat cells responded significantly to the loss of sleep. “I was very surprised to be honest,” he says.
Bad things can happen when fat cells become less responsive to insulin. “Fat cells are actually your friend,” he says. “They're there to store lipids (血脂).” When lipids stay inside the cells, your body can utilize the fat when you're exercising or sleeping or going about your day. “However, when fat cells stare to become insulin resistant, the lipids star to leach out of the fat cells and rise in the bloodstream,” Brady says.
1. According to the passage, lack of sleep for a long while can probably lead to all of the following EXCEPT（）.
A. heart disease
B. weight gain
C. diabetes
2. The main idea of the third paragraph is（）.
A. how to write a medical research paper
B. how to avoid sleep loss
C. how the research was conducted
3. What does the “leach” in the last paragraph probably mean?（）
A. Leap.
B. Lead.
C. Leak.
4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?（）
A. We will be in trouble if our fat cells become less responsive to insulin.
B. More and more studies are done to study the link between sleep and weight.
C. More than 20% of Americans are not getting enough sleep.
5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?（）
A. Poor Sleep May Lead to Too Much Stored Fat and Disease
B. Sleep Experts Had Exciting Findings in a Fat Study
C. Americans Should Have More Than Six Hours of Sleep
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