一．考点综述
近年来，高考英语书面表达主要以应用文为主，旨在考察学生运用所学的英语知识在实际生活中进行交流的能力。而应用文的范围很广，今天我们根据近5年来的高考真题中所涉及到的应用文主要包括提纲类、图画类及图表类，体裁上以书信类最为常见。
二．真题再现
Passage1 【2020·浙江卷】
假定你是李华，你校来自爱尔兰的外教Peter因病回国休假。请给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括:1. 询问近况；2. 分享班级最新消息；3. 表达祝愿。
注意:1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文1】Dear Peter,
I am sorry to hear that you have gone back home on sick leave. How are you feeling now?
I hope my good news for you will sweep away the shadow of disease. Last month, an English festival was held in our school, and our class performed a song which you taught us at the festival. As soon as we finished the song, all the audience gave us warm applause. If only you had been there.
We all miss you very much and wish you a quick and complete recovery.
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文2】 Dear Peter,
Hearing the news that you’re ill and you have returned to Ireland, I feel very sorry. I’m wondering whether you have recovered from your sickness. Therefore, I am writing to you to show my concern for your health.
Through your tireless work, all of us have achieved much progress in English study, especially in speaking. What’s more, with the approaching of Gaokao, we are making full preparations for it. I believe in
the near future, you will get our good news and we will live up to you expectations.
We do sincerely hope that you will gain health soon and we are also expecting your early return to China.
Yours,
Li Hua 【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，向因病假回国休假的外教老师询问近况，分享消息和表达祝愿。 第一步：审题 体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时和一般现在时。
结构：三段式结构。第一段询问近况；第二段告知班级消息；第三段表达祝愿。 要求：1.询问近况（How are you feeling now?）
2.告知班级消息（my good news; performed a song which you taught us） 3.表达祝愿（wish you a quick and complete recovery） 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
be sorry to do; on sick leave; sweep away; as soon as; give sb. warm applause; recovery 第三步：连词成句
1. I am sorry to hear that you have gone back home on sick leave. 2. I hope my good news for you will sweep away the shadow of disease. 3. As soon as we finished the song, all the audience gave us warm applause. 4. We all miss you very much and wish you a quick and complete recovery. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】
范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。 1.作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如：
I am sorry to hear that you have gone back home on sick leave.( 听说你请病假回家了，我很难过。)这句话运用了that 引导宾语从句。
Last month, an English festival was held in our school, and our class performed a song which you taught us at
the festival.(上个月，我们学校举办了英语节，我们班在节上表演了一首您教我们的歌曲。)这句话运用了which引导限制性定语从句。
As soon as we finished the song, all the audience gave us warm applause.(我们一唱完这首歌，所有的观众都给了我们热烈的掌声。)这句话中as soon as引导时间状语从句。
2.使用了一些固定词组，如be sorry to do; on sick leave; sweep away; as soon as; give sb. warm applause等。
全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
Passage 2 【2020·山东卷】
假定你是李华, 上周日你校举办了5公里越野赛跑活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道, 内容包括： 1. 参加人员：
2. 跑步路线：从校门口到南山脚下： 3. 活动反响。 注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右：
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A Cross-Country Running Race 【参考范文1】
A Cross-Country Running Race
Last Sunday witnessed an extraordinary cross-country running race, which nearly drew the attention of every student and teacher of our school.
The students selected from every class took part in the competition. The route measured five kilometers, from our school gate to the foot of Nanshan Mountain. Every runner tried their best to finish the task, with their classmates along the way giving them necessarily help as well as encouragement. At last, all the runners managed to arrive the finish line, receiving cheers from all the directions.
The activity was highly spoken of, because not only did it provide chance for us to exercise, but also made us more cohesive. 【参考范文2】
Last Sunday witnessed a Cross-country Running Race held by our school. Joining in it were teachers and students from different grades, all of whom made it to the destination successfully despite the scorching heat and the rugged road. The whole journey covered five miles from the school gate to the foot of the south mountain . Surprisingly, exercise routine as it was, the race received an immediate and warm welcome in that it not only strengthened one’s health but also was a great test of his stamina. 【参考范文3】
A Cross-Country Running Race
A Cross-Country 5000-metre race, part of the Sports Festival of our school, was held by the school students’ union last Sunday. 150 participants from three grades were involved in the race. Among the most of the participants were students and teaching staff. The racing route started at the school gate and ended at the foot of the South Hill. It turned out to be a great success. Not only does it build up our body but it also enriches our school life. 【解析】
这是一篇应用文。本篇要求考生就上周日学校举行的5公里越野赛活动写一篇新闻报道。 体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应以一般过去时为主 结构：总分总 要求： 1. 参加人员 2. 跑步路线 3. 活动反响
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
attend/witness/ draw one’s attention/ manage to do sth./ measure/ speak highly of/ provide sth. for sb. 第三步：连词成句
1. Last Sunday witnessed an extraordinary cross-country running race, which nearly drew the attention of
every student and teacher of our school.
2. The students selected from every class took part in the competition.
3. The route measured five kilometers, from our school gate to the foot of Nanshan Mountain.
4. Every runner tried their best to finish the task, with their classmates along the way giving them
necessary help as well as encouragement.
5. At last, all the runners managed to arrive the finish line, receiving cheers from all the directions. 6. The activity is highly spoken of, because not only does it provide chance for us to exercise, but also
makes us more cohesive.
第四步：连句成篇（加入衔接词或从句） 表示并列的连词：and/but/or/so…
状语从句连词：because/ if/ though/ although… 定语从句连词：which/ that/ when/ where… 第五步：修改润色（加入高级词汇或短语） 【点睛】
范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了一些高分举行，例如：Last Sunday witnessed an extraordinary cross-country running race, which nearly drew the attention of every student and teacher of our school. 中which引导非限制性定语从句；The activity is highly thought of, because not only does it provide chance for us to exercise, but also makes us more cohesive.中使用了部分倒装。
Passage 3 【2020·天津卷】
假设你是晨光中学高三学生李津。你校于6月8日举办了成人礼活动，你的英国朋友Chris很想了解该活动。你于当晚给Chris回一封电子邮件，介绍关情况，内容包括: (1)成人礼活动内容(成长点滴回顾、观看校友抗疫事边录像)； (2)对活动的感受； (3)对自己未来的展望。 注意:
(1)词数不少于100；
(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行方连贯； (3)开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇:
成人礼 the coming-of age ceremony 新冠脑炎 COVID-F9 Dear Chris,
I’m so glad to hear from you.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours, Li Jin
【答案】Dear Chris,
I am so glad to hear from you. The coming-of-age ceremony was held in our school on June 8th this month. During the coming-of-age ceremony, the headmaster congratulated us on stepping into the adult, reviewing the growth period that we had experienced. After that, we all watched the video of alumnus fighting against the epidemic.
Through the activity, what I felt is that I am able to shoulder the responsibility and make us stronger and more determined. When faced with the difficulties and failures, I must overcome them. In the future, I will be a good doctor to heal the wounded and rescue the dying, devoting myself to my work.
Best wishes！
Yours, Li Jin
【解析】
这是一篇应用文，要求写一封信。
第一步:审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。第一，假如你是晨光中学的李津。你校于6月8号举办了成人礼活动，你的英国朋友Chris 很想了解该活动。你于当晚给Chris 回一封电子邮件，介绍相关情况，内容包括:(1)成人礼活动内容(成长点滴回顾，观看校友抗疫事迹录像等)2. 对活动的感受。3. 对自己未来的展望。第二，人称为第一人称。第三，时态为一般现在时，一般过去时和一般将来时。
第二步:布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为三段。第一段:成人礼活动内容(成长点滴回顾，观看校友抗疫事迹录像等)。第二段:对活动的感受；对自己未来的展望。第三段，表达期望。
第三步:确定关键词汇和短语:congratulate sb on sth., be faced with, heal the wounded and rescue the dying, devote oneself to doing sth.；
第四步:确定较为高级的句子:that引导的定语从句和现在分词作状语During the coming-of-age ceremony, the headmaster congratulated us on stepping into the adult, reviewing the growth period that we had experienced. that引导的表语从句Through the activity, what I felt is that I am able to shoulder the responsibility and make us stronger and more determined.时间状语从句的省略句When faced with the difficulties and failures, I must overcome them.
第五步:连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接:After that, besides, however. 第六步:注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。 【点睛】
文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式:that引导的定语从句和现在分词作状语During the coming-of-age ceremony, the headmaster congratulated us on stepping into the adult, reviewing the growth period that we had experienced. that引导的表语从句Through the activity, what I felt is that I am able to shoulder the responsibility and make us stronger and more determined.时间状语从句的省略句When faced with the difficulties and failures, I must overcome them.等高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。
Passage 4 【2020·北京卷】
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校英语戏剧俱乐部外籍指导教师Jim因疫情滞留英国。复学在即，作为俱乐部负责人，你给Jim写一封电子邮件，请他推荐一名外籍指导教师，内容包括： 1. 条件及要求；
2. 表示感谢并提醒注意防护。 注意：1. 词数不少于50；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours, Li Hua
【参考范文】 Dear Jim,
How are you doing? I hope everything's OK with you.
Our school's drama club plans to start practising. Since you're away in Britain, we need a drama teacher to be in your place. Would you please recommend one for us?
He or she should be a native English speaker, currently in Beijing, and experienced in both directing and teaching.
Thank you for your help. Please take care of yourself. Remember to wear a mask when necessary. Best wishes,
Yours, Li Hua
【解析】 【分析】
本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校英语戏剧俱乐部外籍指导教师Jim因疫情滞留英国。复学在即，作为俱乐部负责人，你给Jim写一封电子邮件，请他推荐一名外籍指导教师，内容包括：1. 条件及要求；2. 表示感谢并提醒注意防护。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：drama club (戏剧俱乐部)；plan to do sth.(计划做某事)；in one's place(代替某人)；recommend(推荐)；a native English speaker(以英语为母语的人)；currently (目前)；experienced(熟练的)；both…and…(两者都……)；take care of(照顾)；wear a mask(戴口罩)等。 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Since you're away in Britain, we need a drama teacher to be in your place.运用原因状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
第二节（20分）
52. 假设你是红星中学高三（1）班班长李华。居家学习期间，你们班开展了一次以“自律”为主题的调研活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文稿件，给你们学校英文网站投稿，记述你在本次活动中发现问题并解决问题的过程。 注意：词数不少于60。 提示词：自律 self-discipline
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
While studying at home, I surveyed my class on “self-discipline”. The findings worried me a lot. To solve the problem, I asked my parents for help, and they offered some practical advice. Then I held an online discussion with my classmates on how to well discipline ourselves. After that, we all knew better what to do.
Three months later, I did a second survey, which showed great improvements in self-discipline. I phoned my teacher about it, and we both felt very pleased. 【解析】 【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。这是一篇图画作文，要求考生按以下四幅图的先后顺序，就你开展“自律”
调研活动中发现问题并解决问题的过程写一篇英文稿件，向学校英文网站投稿。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时 人称：第一人称为主 结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求：1. 表明写作主题——“自律”
2. 根据图片描写事件过程：
第一幅图片描写自己对“自律”调研结果很担忧； 第二幅图片描写自己向父母求助解决方法/建议； 第三幅图片描写自己和同学们在网上讨论如何自律；
第四幅图片描写三个月后，大家自律能力有了很大提高，我和老师很高兴。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
ask sb. for help；practical advice；an online discussion；do a second survey 第三步：连词成句
1. I asked my parents for help, and they offered some practical advice.
2. Then I held an online discussion with my classmates on how to well discipline ourselves. 3. I did a second survey, which showed great improvements in self-discipline. (根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。） 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last, Last but not least
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, As well as, not only…but (also), including, also
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although + clause (从句), In spite of + n/doing, On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 5表换一种方式表达：In other words, that is to say,
6.表进行举例说明：For example; For instance; such as + n/doing
7.表陈述事实：In fact, frankly speaking 8.表选择：either…or…，or
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，结构严谨，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如which showed great improvements in self-discipline这句话中用了which引导的非限制性定语从句；使用了非常好的短语，如ask sb. for help，an online discussion，do a second survey等，为文章增色不少。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
三．技巧点拨
应用文类型：应用文有求助信、建议信、申请信、邀请信、道歉信、祝贺信、告知信、咨询信、通知及新闻报道。其结构及常用句型分别如下： No.1求助信 1. 求助信结构 求助信通常包括三部分内容：点明求助内容；具体说明求助内容；再次表示期望和
感谢。 2.
求助信常用句型
1) Now I am writing to ask you to give me a hand/do me a favor/lend me a hand. 2) I am writing in the hope that you will be kind enough to do me a favor.
3) I wonder if you could do me a fvour, this is the first time that my uncle visits us... 4) Would you like to do me a favor to ...
5) I am encountering three problems which trouble me a lot. 6) To begin with,… What’s more, … What troubles me most is … 7) Unfortunately, I find/feel it quite/extremely difficult/hard to do with... 8) I have trouble/difficulty/problems (in)doing sth.
9) Faced with the above problems,I am anxious to get your help. 10) I wonder if can help me with these difficulties.
11) I would appreciate it very much if you can offer me some necessary/timely help(give/lend me
some practical/valuable advice)
No.2建议信 1. 建议信结构 建议信通常包括三部分： 写信目的；介绍详情、说明原因；提出建议。 2. 建议信常用句型
1) I'm sorry to hear that you are having trouble ...
2) Such problems are quite normal. Perhaps the following suggestions are helpful. 3) I have received your letter saying you plan to...
4) You have asked me for my advice with regard to how to learn Chinese , and I will try to make some
suggestions here.
5) I'm very glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to ..
6) I'm very glad to have received your e-mail. Now I'm writing to give you some advice on how to ... 7) I hope these suggestions will be of use to you. 8) Remember: where there is a will, there is a way. 9) I would be more than happy to see improvement.
10) I believe that you will take my suggestions into serious account. Whatever you decide to do, good luck
with your studies/work！ 11) Here are a few suggestions. No.3申请信 1.申请信结构 通常包括三部分内容：介绍自己，简要说明信息来源，并提出申请；突出自己特点，具体说明胜任理由；请求给予机会，期望尽快回复。 2.申请信常用句型结构 1) I'm Li Hua, from...
2) I have read in the newspaper that ... is wanted in ...
3) I read the announcement that you have posted on the Internet and I am interested in it. 4) I am extremly pleased to see your advertisement for ...in the newspaper. 5) I am writing to apply for ....
6) I am writing to tell you that I'm suitable for ...you are advertising. 7) I am writing to join the program. 8) I think I'm qualified for the position.
9) What's more, I am well acquainted with ....（be acquainted with 熟悉） 10) Last but not the least, I have good personality, and I am independent in life. 11) I am sure I can do my best in the job.
12) That's why I am applying for...
13) I will be much grateful if you can give me the opportunity. 14) I hope you can offer me the opportunity. 15) I hope I can be accepted as a member of ... No.4邀请信 1. 邀请信结构邀请信通常包括三部分内容：简要介绍说明活动，并邀请对方介绍活动具体内容，
并说明受邀人参加理由；期待对方接受邀请，并尽快回复。 2. 邀请信常用句型
1. I’m ... from ...，the president of the Student Union.
2. An English speaking contest of our school will be held on August 6. 3. There will be a party in my garden on Sunday. 4. I’d like to invite you to judge it. 5. I’m writing to invite you to... 6. I wonder if you can come to... 7. We sincerely hope you can attend it.
8. It’s my pleasure/a great honour for me to invite you to... 9.Please let me know soon if you decide to come.
10. It will begin at 2:00 pm and last two hours, during which time 15 well-prepared contestants will deliver their speeches.
11. We will start at 8:00 am and arrive there at 9:00.
12. By the way, you may take Bus No. 322 in front of your apartment and it will take you directly to the club.
13. I’m sure that you will enjoy yourself there.
14. Will you be available during that time? Please contact me at 1234567 at your earliest convenience. 15. Would you please let me know as soon as possible if you can accept my invitation? 16. We will feel much honored if you could come. 17. We are looking forward to your coming. 18. I am longing to see you soon. No.5感谢信 1.感谢信结构：感谢信包括三部分内容： 表达感激之情，简单陈述的原因；说明要感谢的事由或介绍一些的情况；再次表示真诚的感谢，并表真诚的祝福。有时可向对方发出邀请。 2.感谢信常用句型结构
1) My true gratitude is beyond any words/description.
2) We all thank you and are very grateful for what you did for us.
3) I am writing to express my thanks for your helping me improve my spoken English.
4) Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and I am looking forward to seeing you soon. 5) I’d like to take this opportunity to express my great appreciation for your timely help and assistance. No.6道歉信 1. 道歉信结构 道歉信通常包括三部分内容：表示歉意，道歉的原由；出现差错的原因，提出弥补措施；请求原谅。语言要诚挚，解释的理由要真实。 2. 道歉信常用句型结构
1) I must apologize for any inconvenience it may have caused you. 2) I’m sorry to say that……
3) I hope that this has not caused you any inconvenience. 4) We are sorry to hear that .....
5) Unfortunately, some mistakes were made and . 6) We are very sorry that ......
7) I regret to inform you that I can not attend the meeting on Friday. 8) Here is the reason that……
9) Sorry again for the inconvenience that caused to you. 10) With apologies once again./ With many apologies. No.7祝贺信 1.祝贺信结构 祝贺信通常包括三部分内容：表示祝贺及祝贺缘由；详细描述祝贺原因；再次表示祝贺并表达自己愿望和祝福。 2.祝贺信常用句型结构
1) I feel very happy for your dream has come true. 2) I have learned with delight that... 3) And you are lucky to be...
4) I’d like to offer you my congratulations on your success .Congratulations to you !
5) Your success has greatly encouraged me to...
6) I am writing to express my congratulations on your winning the first place ... 7) Congratulations on your success in... 8) Please accept my warmest regards. 9) I hope your future will be glorious. No.8告知信 1. 告知信结构
1.告知信结构通常包括三部分内容：写信目的（原因、背景等）； 告知事宜（时间、地点等）；表达期待。
2.告知信常用句型结构
1) Now, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details. 2) You are supposed/expected to … 3) You should/ You’d better … 4) There will be a lecture on ….
5) The lecture will last 3 hours. / The lecture will begin at … and end at … 6) Hopefully, these suggestions would be helpful for you.
7) Please get there on time. / Please get everything ready ahead of time. 8) Don’t miss the chance. /Don’t be late. 9) Everyone is welcome to …… 10) I sincerely invite you to… No.9咨询信 1. 咨询信结构 咨询信通常包括三部分内容：.阐明写信目的；咨询详情；表达谢意，期盼回复。 2. 咨询信常用句型
1) I am writing to ask for information about how to be a volunteer for the Asian Winter Games. 2) I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding
/concerning /on how to learn Chinese well.
3) I am writing to you for further information about the English training. 4) I’m writing for more information about how to better learning habits. 5) I am writing in response to your advertisement.
6) Could you please tell me something about how to be a volunteer for the Asian Winter Games？
7) I would greatly appreciate it if you could tell me something about the rebuilt Qianmen Street in
Beijing.
8) I wonder if /whether you could tell me something about English speech contest to be held in
our school on June 1st.
9) I would like to know if /whether you could tell me something about summer courses. 10) I would be much obliged to you if you let me know something about the summer camp. 11) Could you （be so kind as to）tell me something about students’visiting group. 12) I would （also）like to inquire something about a spokesman for animals. 13) I would be grateful if it’s so kind of you to give me some essential information. 14) I’d like to know something more about the volunteer activity. 15) I would be grateful to receive a prompt reply.
16) I’d appreciate it very much if you could give me a reply. No.10通知 1.通知的结构 通知通常包括三部分内容：引起注意，表明目的；主要内容（时间、地点以及内容等）；邀请参加+注意事项。 2.通知常用句型结构 1) Hello, everybody/everyone.
2) Ladies and gentlemen，may I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. 3) Attention, please! I have something important to tell you. 4) There will be a party/speech/contest held by ... 5) In order to ..., the Student Union will organize ... 6) Our school has decided to hold an activity to ... 7) It will begin at... and last about ....
8) Those who want to take part in it please sign up at the Student Union. 9) There will be colourful activities then, such as ... 10) All the teachers and students are required to attend it. 11) Those who are interested in the activity are welcome. 12) Please come and join in it. Everyone is welcom to attend it. 13) Please come on time and don’t be late. 14) I believe you will have a wonderful time then.
15) That's all. Thank you. No.11新闻报道 新闻报道结构 新闻报道是典型的应用文体裁。掌握新闻的六要素，即：人物（who）/事件（what）/时间（when）/地点（where）/原因（why）/方式（how）。它的结构一般分为四个部分：标题、导语、主体、结语。标题是新闻的题目，是对最有新闻价值内容的浓缩、概括、提炼和再创造。导语是消息开头的第一段或第一句话，它扼要地揭示出消息的核心内容。主体是消息的主要部分，它用充足的事实表现主题。新闻报道的结语一般是最后一句话或者一段话，通常对全文内容作概括性的总结，或对新闻事件的发展趋势作出预测。有时，作者根据报道的事实在结语中提出令人深思的问题。
四．新题模拟
模拟一
【2020·江苏省天一中学期中】
假如你是李华，是一名高三的学生。你和你的好朋友Kate商定好本周末去博物馆，但现在有事去不了了，请给她写一封电子邮件告知相关情况。 内容包括：
1．对取消活动安排表示歉意； 2．解释无法去博物馆的原因； 3．另约时间去博物馆。 注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Dear Kate，
We agreed last week that we would visit the museum this weekend.I am sorry to inform you that the arrangement has to be canceled.
The reason why I break the appointment is that my parents hope I can visit my grandparents with them this weekend.It’s about half a year since we met them last time.They are getting old，so it is necessary for us to make sure they get good care.
We can go to the museum next weekend if it’s convenient for you.Looking forward to your earliest reply.
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇提纲类应用文写作。 【详解】
假如你是高三学生李华，你和你的好朋友Kate商定好本周末去博物馆，但现在有事去不了了，请给她写一封道歉信。写信的目的：对取消活动安排表示歉意；解释无法去博物馆的原因；另约时间去博物馆。需要写的内容已经粗略给出，需要我们翻译成完整通顺的句子，适当添加些内容，使文章更充实。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型为文章润色。注意要求的词数80词左右，不要过多也不要太少。 【点睛】
本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。尤其是该文使用了较多的复合句结构，例如: I am sorry to inform you that the arrangement has to be canceled.使用了宾语从句；The reason why I break the appointment is that my parents hope I can visit my grandparents with them this weekend.使用了定语从句和表语从句； It’s about half a year since we met them last time.使用了时间状语从句；We can go to the museum next weekend if it’s convenient for you.使用了条件状语从句等等。 模拟二
【2020·浙江学军中学高三月考】
假如你是高中生李华，你的美国笔友Jack热爱中国传统文化，最近打算来中国工作生活一段时间，但是不确定应该去往哪个城市，写信向你咨询。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括: 1. 你推荐的城市；
2. 推荐的理由(不少于两条)； 3. 美好祝愿。
注意:
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Dear Jack,
I am so pleased to learn that you are to spend some time in China.
I recommend you stay in Beijing, the capital and cultural center of China. The city enjoys a high reputation for its abundance of ancient architecture, which represents the traditional local lifestyles. And there are also plenty of museums where precious relics of historical interest are waiting for you to explore. Besides, the exceptional Peking Opera performances there are also what you can’t miss. I wish you a very happy and meaningful time in China!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】 【分析】
考查应用文中的书信写作。 【详解】
题目要求假如你是高中生李华，你的美国笔友Jack热爱中国传统文化，最近打算来中国工作生活一段时间，但是不确定应该去往哪个城市，写信向你咨询。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括:1. 你推荐的城市；2. 推荐的理由(不少于两条)；3. 美好祝愿。分析可知，应该以第一人称为主，一般现在时进行写作。要点已经给出，要求考生根据提纲自己发挥拓展，考生要先想好写哪几点，运用合适的语法规则和词汇把各要点都准确表述出。描述要尽量选择简洁的语言，难点在于选择词汇和句型，可以灵活运用高级词汇和固定短语准确表述。还要用适当的连接词把句子连接起来，这样文章显得更连贯。
【点睛】
这篇明信片短文的关键在于要点的拓展，同时注意谋篇布局的顺序，运用合适的连接词连接全文，同时选择高级的词汇和语法项目让文章更有文采。I am so pleased to learn that you are to spend some time in China. 宾语从句的运用；The city enjoys a high reputation for its abundance of ancient architecture, which represents the traditional local lifestyles. 定语从句的运用。
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