英语音标学习入门

音标入门讲解

一、元音 （一）单元音

（1）前元音：[ i: ] [ i ] [ e ] [ æ ]

[ i: ]

发音组合: e ee ea ie ei 代表单词: me he we even

[ i ]

发音组合: i

代表单词: sit bit kick pick

bee feel breeze deep free seat beat lead tea eat reason grief believe achieve receive conceive

音标对比: [ i: ] [ i ] seat sit beat bit

sheep ship

[ e ]

发音组合: e ea a

代表单词：pen ten best beg egg net

bread heaven marry any many

音标对比： [ i ] [ e ]

sit set lift left did dead

（2）中元音：[ə:] [ə]

[ə: ]

发音组合：or ir er ur ear 代表单词：work worker worm

bird dirt affirm term burn surf pearl learn

.

wish

[æ]

发音组合: a

代表单词: cap map bad bank thank lamp

音标对比: [e] [æ]

beg bag met mat

bed bad

[ə ]

发音组合：a er or

代表单词：appear arise again

alike a man a pen teacher mother

brother driver anger doctor actor tutor

famous jealous

mad .

（3）后元音: [a:] [ʌ] [u:] [u] [ɔ:] [ɔ]

[a:]

发音组合：ar ear al

代表单词：far dark hart farm garden bar heart half

音标对比：[a:] [ʌ]

fast fun hart but card cut

[u:]

发音组合：oo o ou u

代表单词：food fool boom cool pool shoot

tomb group

blue clue rule truth conclude

音标对比: [u:] [u] foot food boot book cool could

[ɔ:]

发音组合：a oo aw ou ore au or ar 代表单词：talk ball hall call

door floor law saw

bought fought thought tought before ignore

caught naughty nautical force born sort warn

.

[ʌ]

发音组合：u o

代表单词：up cut but bus luck

butter

monk onion

[u]

发音组合：oo u ou

代表单词：foot good cook took pull full bull should

[ɔ]

发音组合：o

代表单词：ox on not cop rot

hot lot

音标对比：[ɔ:] [ɔ] sort dog tort nod short shop

.

（二）双元音

（1）合口双元音为: [ei]

[ai] [ɔɪ] [au] [əu]

[ei]

发音组合：ei a ai ay 代表单词：eight

cake fate snake lake make name paid main 音标对比：[æ] [ei] [ e ] at eight bed bat bade set lab late pen day may

[ai]

发音组合：y i uy 代表单词：cry dry my

kite high bike tight fine time buy guy

[ɔɪ]

发音组合：oy oi

代表单词：toy boy loyal

noise voice point soil coin

[au]

发音组合：ou ow

代表单词：house sound out noun bow town now tower

[əu]

发音组合：o ow oa

代表单词：host nose tone hole note bowl know low own boat coat

.

sand

音标对比：[ æ ] [bat back lamp sack

音标对比：[ɔɪ ] [ boy toy spoil 音标对比：[au] [ now cow sound

音标对比：[au] [ how loud

same hen ai]

bite bike line sign

ɔ] boss top stop

ai] night kite side əu] hole load .

（2）集中双元音为：[iə] [ɛə] [uə]

[iə]

发音组合：eer ear ere 代表单词：beer deer

hear near fear here

音标对比：[iə] [il]

here hill fear feel dear deal

[ɛə]

发音组合：air ear are ere 代表单词：hair fair air chair

bear swear dare hare there

音标对比：[ɛə] [aiə]

hair hire fare fire spare spire

[uə]

发音组合：oor ure our 代表单词：poor lure sure tour

音标对比：[uə] [əu] poor post sure sold lure load

二、辅音

（一）爆破音: [ p ] [ b ] [ t ] [ d ] [ k ] [ g ]

[ p ]

发音组合：p

代表单词：pay pipe put pie peach

sport speed spend

[ b ]

发音组合：b

代表单词：bird bed bag big buy bake

bill bear book

[ t ]

发音组合：t

代表单词：tea teacher team tare tank tip

it meet cat fate tent boat student stand stick

.

[ d ]

发音组合：d

代表单词：do did does deer

date dig doom

need bed climbed

. [ k ] 发音组合：c k ck 代表单词：cake car can cat come kite sky keep pick back

[ g ] 发音组合：g 代表单词：geese go gap get big bag beg （二）摩擦音: [ f ] [ v ] [θ] [ð] [ʃ] [ʒ]

[ s ] [ z ] [ h] [ r]

[ f ]

发音组合：f ph

代表单词：five first life fine fat fail fair fall telephone phonetics photo

[θ]

发音组合：th

代表单词：think teeth thick theme thank

both tooth truth fifth mouth faith

音标对比：[θ] [ð]

thick this theme than teeth they death these

[ʃ]

发音组合：sh s ss ch

代表单词：ship fish sheet sheep dish

sure ensure assure machine

.

[ v ]

发音组合：v

代表单词：vote vine vat vail

very vase

leave five

[ð]

发音组合：th

代表单词：this that these those then than though

[ʒ]

发音组合：s

代表单词：pleasure usual leisure measure

.

[ s ]

发音组合：s c

代表单词：seem set seek say see

books dense mouse cups face ice race price

[ h ]

发音组合：h wh (wh 在元音字母o前才发此音) 代表单词：hot home house horse hate high whole who whose whom

（三）破擦音: [tʃ] [dʒ] [tr] [dr]

[ tʃ]

发音组合：ch

代表单词：cheap child chest choke check catch watch

音标对比：[ t] [ʃ] cheap ship chose shoes catch cash

[ tr ]

发音组合：tr

代表单词：tree treat trip train tram

音标对比: [ tr ] [ dr ]

tree dream try dry treat dream

.

[ z ]

发音组合：z s

代表单词：zoo prize zeal

raise knees eyes

[ r ] 发音组合：r wr 代表单词：race red rice rain right free fry pray wrong write [dz]

[dʒ]

发音组合：j g dg

代表单词：jeep joke jew juice gin change jodge judge 音标对比：[tʃ] [dʒ] charge judge choice join match page

[ dr ]

发音组合: dr

代表单词: dream drag draw drink

children

[ts] .

[ ts ]

发音组合：ts

代表单词：sits seats mates peasants parents

音标对比：[ ts] [ dz ] [ z ] [ dz ]

[ dz ]

发音组合：ds

代表单词：needs seeds spends

bets beds boys boards seats seeds gloves grounds nets needs stares stands

（四）鼻辅音:

[ m ] [ n ] [ ŋ ]

[ŋ]

发音组合：ng n

代表单词：sing song singer king thing

ink sink thank tank

音标对比： [ m ] [ n ]

home stone theme thin ment net

[ m ]

发音组合：m

代表单词：some come dime mother map moon

[ n ]

发音组合：n

代表单词：noon nose note not no nothing moon soon son gun thin run dine gain

（五）舌边音: [ l ]

发音组合: l

代表单词：清晰音[ l ] let lad late laid leap lap 代表单词：含糊音[ l ] deal tell belt sale table

（六）半元音: [ w ] [ j ]

[ w ]

发音组合：w wh

代表单词：wait west way wet will wide wheel what why when where while

音标对比：[ w ] [ v ]

wet vet winter inventure world voice women visit

.

[ j ]

发音组合：y

代表单词：year yes yet yard young you

音标对比：[ i: ] [ j ]

eat yet east yes eager yard

.

补充：元音字母a, e, i, o, u在重读音节中的一般读音规则：

a e i o u 重读开音节：[ ei ] [ i: ] [ ai ] [ əu ] [ju:] [u:] 重读闭音节：[ æ ] [ e ] [ i ] [ ɔ ] [ ʌ ] [ u ] 注意：除了符合读音规则的词以外，还有一些词是例外的，需要逐个记忆。 重读开音节：一个辅音加e结尾的单词, 元音字母a ,e ,i ,o ,u 经常发长音 如: cake theme bike close consume 重读闭音节：元音字母a ,e ,i ,o ,u 经常发短音 如: have bed sit love bus

.