英 语(阅读理解部分对照翻译)
A
Benjamin West, the father of American
A
美国绘画之父本杰明·韦斯特（Benjamin
painting, showed his talent for art when he was West）六岁的时候，就展现出了他的艺术才
only six years of age. But he did not know about
能。 但是在一位访客告诉他，他需要画笔之
brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.
In those days, a brush was made from camel’s
hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin
decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut
some fur from the family cat to make a brush.
The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin
needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
The cat’s lot was about to improve. That
year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington,
came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s
drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr.Pennington returned for another visit. He was
amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.
He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the
boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.
In the city, Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy 前，他并不知道画笔是什么。在那时，画笔
是用骆驼毛制成的。附近并没有骆驼。 本杰
明决定用猫毛代替。 他从自家猫的身上剪了
些毛做成刷子。 画笔不耐用。很快，本杰明就需要更多
的毛。没过多久，猫的毛开始看起来很蓬乱。他父亲说那只猫一定是生病了。本杰明不得不承认他一直在做的事情。
猫的命运即将好转。那年，本杰明的一
个堂兄彭宁顿（Pennington）先生前来拜访。
本杰明的画给他留下了深刻的印象。他回家
后，给本杰明寄了一盒颜料和一些画笔。他还送了出自一位艺术家的六幅版画。这是本杰明第一次见到绘画作品，也是第一次见到真正的颜料和画笔。 1747年，在本杰明九岁的时候，彭宁顿
先生再次来访。本杰明用他的礼物所做的事让他感到惊讶。他问本杰明的父母他是否可
以带着这个男孩回费城参观。
在费城，彭宁顿先生为本杰明提供了创
作油画的材料。这个男孩开始画风景画。著名画家威廉姆·
威廉姆斯（William Williams）began a landscape(风景) painting. William 来看他作画。威廉姆对本杰明印象深刻，给Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him 了他两本关于绘画的经典书籍，让他带回家。work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin 这两本书又厚又枯燥。作为一个差生，本杰and gave him two classic books on painting to
明只能读懂一点。但他后来说，“这两本书白
take home. The books were long and dull.
天是我的同伴，晚上在我的枕头下。” 虽然
Benjamin could read only a little, having been a
他可能只能理解一点这些书，但它们是他对
poor student. But he later said, \"Those two books
were my companions by day, and under my pillow
at night.\" While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist. 21.What is the text mainly about? A. Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia. B. Williams’ influence on Benjamin.
C. The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist. D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington. 22.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?
A. The cat would be closely watched. B. The cat would get some medical care. C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly. D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon. 23.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?
A. He took him to see painting exhibitions. B. He provided him with painting materials. C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia. D. He taught him how to make engravings. 24.Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to .
A. master the use of paints
古典绘画的入门。这个9岁的男孩在那时决
定要成为一名艺术家。 21.本文主要是关于什么的？ A.本杰明访问费城。 B.威廉姆斯对本杰明的影响。 C.本杰明的画家生涯开始。 D.本杰明和彭宁顿之间的友谊。
22.第3段中带下划线的句子暗示了什么？ A.猫会受到密切关注。 B.这只猫会得到一些医疗护理。
C.本杰明不久将离开家。
D.本杰明很快就会拥有真正的刷子。 23.潘宁顿为帮助本杰明发展他的才能做了什么？
A.他带他去看绘画展览。 B.他向他提供了绘画材料。 C.他把他送到费城的一所学校。 D.他教他如何雕刻。
24.威廉姆斯的两本书帮助本杰明______。 A.掌握油漆的使用 B.欣赏山水画 C.认识其他画家 D.下定决心要当画家
B. appreciate landscape paintings C. get to know other painters D. make up his mind to be a painter
B
Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for
B
睡眠不足已成为大多数美国孩子的坏习
most American kids. According to a new 惯。 根据国家睡眠基金会的一项新调查，年survey(调查)by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.
How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest; most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten
hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National
Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to
12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And
guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said
they do before bedtime? Watch TV.
\"More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会)to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,\" says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids
all excited and make it hard for them to calm
down and sleep. Other experts say part of the
problem is chemical. Changing levels of body
chemicals called hormones not only make 龄在10至18岁之间的孩子中有51％的人在上学日的晚上10点或更晚睡觉，即使他们必须早起。 基金会去年报告说，将近60％的7至12岁的孩子说他们白天感到疲倦，而15％的孩子说他们会在学校睡着。
需要多长时间的睡眠取决于你的年龄。
婴儿需要大量的休息时间；大多数婴儿每天大约睡18个小时！成年人需要大约八个小时。对于大多数学龄儿童来说，十个小时是
理想的。但是国家睡眠基金会的新调查发现，
10至12岁的儿童中，只有35％有七八个小
时的睡眠时间。猜猜看，几乎一半接受调查
的孩子说他们在睡觉前在做什么？看电视。
布朗大学医学院的睡眠研究员Mary
Carskadon博士说：“越来越多的孩子开着电视睡觉，因为有更多的家庭作业，有了互联网和电话，
他们有更多的机会保持醒着。”她说这些睡前活动使孩子们兴奋，让他们很难平静下来去睡觉。其他专家说这个问题的部
分原因是化学因素。人体内被称为荷尔蒙的
化学物质的改变，不仅使青少年的身体发育
出成人的特征，而且也让青少年难以在晚上
11点之前入睡。
teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics,
由于睡眠不足是青少年的一个问题，一
but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep 些学区决定比惯常稍晚的时间开始高中课before 11 pm.
程。三年前，明尼苏达州伊代纳市的学校将
Because sleepiness is such a problem for
上课时间从上午7:25改为上午8:30。学生、
teenagers, some school districts have decided to
家长和老师对结果都很满意。
start high school classes later than they used to.
Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota,
changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am.
Students, parents and teachers are pleased with
the results.
25.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?
A. American kids’ sleeping habits.
B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases. C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness. D. Learning problems and lack of sleep. 26.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day? A.7 hours. B.8 hours.
C.10 hours.
D.18 hours.
27.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?
A. They are affected by certain body chemicals. B. They tend to do things that excite them.
C. They follow their parents’ examples.
D. They don’t need to go to school early.
C
FLORENCE, Italy — Svetlana Cojochru
feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and the elderly,
but in order to stay she’s had to prove her
language skills by taking a test which requires her
25.国家睡眠基金会的新调查有是关于什么
的？ A.美国孩子的睡眠习惯。 B.青少年与睡眠有关的疾病。 C.预防失眠的活动。 D.学习问题和睡眠不足。
26. 11岁的孩子每天需要睡几个小时？ A.7小时。 B.8小时。 C.10小时。 D.18小时。
27.根据Carskadon的观点，为什么青少年睡
得晚？
A.它们受到某些人体里的化学物质的影响。
B.他们倾向于做使他们兴奋的事情。
C.他们遵循父母的榜样。
D.他们不需要早点上学。
C
在意大利的佛罗伦萨， Svetlana
Cojochru感到很伤心。这位摩尔多瓦人已经在这里生活了7年，做意大利孩子和老人的
护理者，但为了能留在这里，她不得不通过
一项考试来证明自己的语言能力，这项考试
to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and 要求她写一张明信片给一个假想的朋友，并answer a fictional job ad.
Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant(移民)population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship.
Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become
写一个虚构的招聘广告。
意大利这个西欧国家最近试图控制不断增长的移民人口，通过要求相应的语言技能来换取工作许可、或在某些情况下获得公民身份。
一些移民支持者担心，恶劣的经济形势使本地人更难保住工作，这些措施将更多地
more a vehicle for intolerance than integration(融成为不宽容的工具，而不是融合的方法。另合).Others say it’s only natural that newcomers 一些人说，新来者学习所在国的语言是很自learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as 然的，他们把这视为确保自己能为社会作出a condition to ensure they can contribute to 贡献的条件。 society.
Other European countries laid down a
其他欧洲国家对移民提出了类似的要
similar requirement for immigrants, and some 求，有些条款甚至更加苛刻。各国政府认为，terms are even tougher. The governments argue
这将有助于外国人更好地融入社会，促进不
that this will help foreigners better join the society
同文化之间的理解。
and promote understanding across cultures.
意大利的移民传统较弱，近年来移民人
Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of
immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in 数急剧增加。1990年时，5 670万意大利人immigration in recent years. In 1990, immigrants 中的移民人数约为114万，约占2％。今年numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy’s then 年初，随着移民的子女占意大利出生率的比56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the 例越来越高，居住在意大利的外国人的人数start of this year, foreigners living in Italy 达到456万，而总人口为6 060万，即占amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of
7.5％。
60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants’
children accounting for an ever larger percentage
of births in Italy.
来自摩尔多瓦的护理者Cojochru希望获
Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped
得永久居住权，这将有助于她把两个孩子带
obtaining permanent residence (居住权) would
到意大利；他们和她在摩尔多瓦的妹妹住在
help her bring her two children to Italy; they live
with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are 一起，那里的工资是欧洲最低的。她怀疑语among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical 言要求能否促进融合。 that the language requirement would encourage integration.
Italians always \"see me as a foreigner,\" an outsider, even though she’s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language
她说：“意大利人总是\"把我视为一个外国人’’，一个局外人，尽管她已经在这个国家待fluently, she said.
28.Why does Cojochru have to take a language test?
A. To continue to stay in Italy. B. To teach her children Italian. C. To find a better job in Italy.
D. To better mix with the Italians.
29.Some people worry that the new language requirement may .
A. reduce Italy’s population quickly B. cause conflicts among people C. lead to financial difficulties
D. put pressure on schools 30.What do we know about Cojochru? A. She lives with her sister now in Italy. B. She enjoys learning the Italian language. C. She speaks Italian well enough for her job. D. She wishes to go back to her home country.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） How to Do Man-on-the-Street Interviews
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot. 31 But with these tips, your first man-on-the-street interview experience can be easy.
了很多年，并且能流利地说当地语言。”
28.为什么Cojochru必须参加语言测试？ A.继续留在意大利。 B.教她的孩子意大利语。 C.在意大利找到更好的工作。 D.与意大利人更好地融合。
29.有人担心新的语言要求可能会_____。 A.快速减少意大利的人口 B.造成人与人之间的冲突 C.导致财务困难 D.给学校施加压力
30.我们对科乔赫鲁了解多少？ A.她现在和姐姐一起住在意大利。 B.她喜欢学习意大利语。
C.她的意大利语说得很好，足以胜任她的工作。 D.她希望回到自己的祖国。
如何进行街头采访
街头采访指的是记者与摄影师一起走上街头对人进行当场采访采。 31但是，有了这些技巧，您第一次在街上进行街头采访的经历
就很容易了。
●When your boss or professor sends you out ●当老板或教授派您去街上进行街头采访to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, 时，请考虑一下该话题，并列出与之相关的think about the topic and develop a list of about 十个常规问题。例如，如果您的主题是美国ten general questions relating to it. For example,
的环境问题，您可能会问：“为什么环保在美
if your topic is about environmental problems in
国很重要？” 32
America, you might ask, ＂Why do you think
environmental protection is important in
America?＂ 32
●Hit the streets with confidence. 33 Say, ＂Excuse me, I work for XYZ News, and I was wondering if you could share your opinion
about this topic.＂ This is a quick way to get
people to warm up to you.
●Move on to the next person if someone
tells you she is not interested in talking on camera.
Don’t get discouraged.
● 34 Each interview that you
get on the street shouldn’t be longer than ten
minutes. As soon as you get the answer you need,
move on to the next person. Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a variety of answers. If everyone is giving you the same answer, you won’t be able to use it. A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten. 35
●If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air, don’t leave work without them.
A. Limit your time.
B. As you approach people, be polite.
C. If you don’t own a camera, you can buy one.
●带着信心去街访。 33 说：“打扰了，我为XYZ新闻工作，我想知道您是否可以就这个话题发表您的看法。”这是一种使人们热身的
快速方法。
●如果有人告诉你她对对着摄像头说话不感
兴趣，请移至下一个人。不要泄气。
● 34 你在街上进行的每次采访都不要超
过10分钟。一旦获得所需的答案，马上转到
下一个人。确保当你一个个做采访的时候，
你能得到各种各样的答案。如果每个人都给您相同的答案，您将无法使用它。安全的采访次数约为6到10次。 35
●如果你的新闻台或学校要求受访者签署电视/电台播放授权协议书，请不要把这个工作留到没有他们（受访者）的时候。
A.限制您的时间。
B.当你接近别人时，要有礼貌。
C.如果您没有相机，则可以购买。
D. For new reporters, this can seem like a D.对于新记者来说，这似乎是一项艰巨的任challenging task.
E. To get good and useful results, ask them the same question.
F. That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.
G. With a question like this, you will get more 务。
E.要获得良好和有用的结果，请问他们同样的问题。
F.这么多的采访量应该给你所有你需要的答案。
than a ＂Yes＂or ＂No＂reply.
G.用这样的问题，你会得到那些不仅仅是“是”或“否”的答复。
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容