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人教版八年级上册英语知识点总结

2024-04-29 来源:钮旅网
八年级上册重要知识点

Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?

1.一般过去时(动词过去式规则变化)

2.enough作形容词,足够的,修饰名词时,置于名词前;作副词,足够,放在形容词、副词后。

如:Mr.Smithhasenoughmoney,butheisn’tkindenoughtohelpothers.

3.else作形容词,修饰疑问代词和不定代词后置whatelse,whoelse,somethingelse4.复合不定代词的用法

如:

5.

oneof+themost+adj+n复数,【延伸】表示“最„之一”ofthemostfamouswritersinChina.

amost+adj+n非常

Heisone如:

Hangzhouisamostbeautifulcity.如:

6.反身代词①Didyoubuyanythingforyourself?(做介词宾语)TheoldmantaughthimselfEnglish.(做动词宾语)

③Thecowwasitselfagain.又恢复了原状(做表语)

④Imyselfvisitedmyauntlastweekend.(做同位语)7.

8.anothertwohours=twomorehours9.感叹句

①How+形容词+主语+谓语!

②Whata/an+形容词

+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!

What+形容词+复

数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语!

10.sothat引导目的状语从句,以便,为了(inorderto)如:theygotupearlysothattheycouldcatchthebus.

so+adj+that+结果状语从句,“如此„„以致„„”IwassobusythatIdidn’tgotosleepfor3days.

so+adj+(a/an+n单数)that

ItissoimportantameetingthatIcan’tmissit.such+

a/

an+

adj

+

n

单数+that

如:如:如:

ItissuchanimportantmeetingthatIcan’tmissit.such+adj+n复数/不可数+that

Unit2Howoftendoyouexercise?

1.how如何(方式)

howlong多长(时间)答语常用“For+时间段”

howfar多远(距离)答语常用“It’s+数词+miles/meters/kilometers”howoften多久一次(频率)答语常用“Always/often/everyday/…”或“次数+时间”等表频率的状语

howsoon多快,多久以后,常用在将来时中。答语常用“in+时间段”howmany多少(接可数名词)howmuch(接不可数名词)2.exercise作v锻炼,运动作[c]n.操,练习

domorning/eyeexercises

作[uc]锻

炼takemuch/moreexercise3.

4.

5.die动词,dyingadj消失,死亡;名词形式death,形容词形式dead。垂死的,快死的

die是非延续性动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用dieout灭绝,消失out.6.

如:Thewildanimalsareindangerofdying

7.

8.by介词+n/v-ing/代词通过„方式

byoneself独自地bytheway顺便问/说一下bychance/accident偶然地bymistake错误地learnbyheart记住

Unit3I’mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.

1.makesbdosth让某人做某事makesb/sth+adjmakesb+n.

makemehappyWemadehimmonitor.

makesb+过去分词Shespokealoudtomakeherselfheard.

Let’smakeitat10:00.

Don’t

makeit约定时间,做成某事2.

3.形容词、副词等级的用法⑴原级的用法

①只能修饰原级的词:very,quiet,so,too,rather。

②as…as…和……一样(中间用原级)否定形式:notas/so…as…和……不一样

如:Thisroomisnotso/asbigasthatone.⑵比较级的用法

much,alot,far,alittle,abit,even,still,①可以修饰比较级的词:pretty。

eg

I’mmuch/alittle/alot/abit/farmoreoutgoingthanmysister.venworsenow.②…than…比

eg:I’mtallerthanyou.

:I’me

③选择疑问句中,二选一时Whodoyouthinkismoreoutgoing,LilyorLucy?④用比较级表示最高级的意思

eg:

eg:Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.=Heisthetalleststudentinhisclass.

⑤“比较级+and+比较级”表示“变得越来越…”(多音节或部分双音节用moreandmore+原级)

eg:Itgetswarmerandwarmerwhenspringcomes.moreandmorebeautiful.

⑥“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”表示“越…,就越…”eg:Themoreyouexercise,thestrongeryouwillbe.

⑦比较级中出现ofthetwo/twins结构时,比较级前要+the,也不可用than

eg:Tomisthetallerofthetwobrothers.

⑧为避免重复,在than后常用one,that,those,及所有格等来替代前面提到过的名词。

eg

TheweatherinHarbinismuchcolderthanthatinWuhan.eisnewerthanTom’s.

ThestudentsofClassOnestudyharderthanthoseofClassTwo.

:Mybik

You’regetting

⑨不能与人或事物自身相比较

eg

Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.countryinAfrica.

Chinaislargerthanany

⑩比…大/多/长/宽几倍,用“主语+be+…times+比较级+than+比较对象”

eg:Ourclassroomistwicelargerthanyours.

重几斤,高几公分,大几岁„„,用“主语+be+数量词+比较级+than+比较对象”

eg:I’msixyearsolderthanyou.⑶最高级的用法

①用于三者或三者以上的比较Chinese,MathorEnglish?

②形容词最高级前一定要加the,副词最高级前可省略the③有范围(in,of,among或从句等)修饰的用最高级eg:Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.

④“oneofthe+形容词最高级+n.复数”表示“最…之一”eg:LuXunisoneofthegreatestwriterslastcentury.

⑤“the+序数词+最高级+n.单数+范围”表示“在…范围内…是第几”eg:HainanisthesecondlargestislandinChina.⑥形容词和副词最高级的其它表达方式

eg:Whichdoyoulikebest,

Unit4What’sthebestmovietheater?

1.talentn.天资,才能

talentedadj.有天赋的(→untalented)

haveatalentfor(doing)sth.对(做)某事有天赋betalentedin在某方面有天分2.thinkof认为,考虑,想起考,考虑

thinkover仔细考虑

eg.The

thinkup想出

thinkabout思

3.have…incommon有相同特征;(想法、兴趣等方面)相同twogameshavemuchincommon.

4.beuptosb由某人决定seriously认真对待……5.

makeup编造take……

6.英语中not与everybody,all,everyone,everything,both等词连用时,都表示部分否定,意为“并不都……”likessports.并非每人都喜欢运动。

表示全部否定,要用none,nothing,noone,neither等。7.poor贫穷的,可怜的,差的inapoorhealth

8.voice嗓音(说话声、歌声、笑声、鸟鸣声)inalowvoice小声地noise杂音

sound任何可以听到的声音

Unit5Doyouwanttowatchagameshow?

1.---Wouldyoumind(one’s)doingsth?你介意(某人)做某事吗?---Iamsorry,butIdo./Notatall./Certainlynot./Ofcausenot.Nevermind.不要紧,没关系。mind(doing)sth介意做某事makeupone’smind下决心changeone’smind改变主意2.stand忍受,容忍

keepinone’smind记住Hehasapoormemory.如:

be

eg.Noteverybody

can’tstand(sb)doingsth无法忍受某人做某事

3.plantodosth/planonsth计划做某事planforsth为…计划

makeaplanfor为…制定计划

4.

5.happen发生,出现,是不及物动词,后面不能直接跟宾语,且主语多是表示事物的名词或代词。

sthhappen+地点/时间,某事/某地发生某事eg:ThestoryhappenedinAmerica.sthhappentosb/sth某人/物发生某事eg:Acaraccidenthappenedtohim.

sbhappentodo/ithappensthat…碰巧发生某事eg:Ihappenedtomeetafriendinthestreet.

happen一般用来强调某事发生的偶然性。注】若表示事先安排或有准备的事情或活动发生,要用takeplace。eg:OurweddingwilltakeplaceinMay.

6.meanv.意味着(三单为means)7.meansn.方法、工具、手段

bymeansof

meantodosth打算做某事meandoingsth意味着

eg:Toraisewagemeansincreasingpurchasingpower.赠加工资意味着增加购买力.

meaningn.意义、含义themeaningofmeaninglessadj.毫无意义的

meaningful有意义的

8.be/getreadytodosth愿意/准备做某事getreadyfor为„做准备8.successn.成功做某事

successfuladj.成功的successfullyadv.成功地

9.wear表状态,接服装、手套、眼镜、香水等puton表动作,接服装(→takeoff)dress表动作,接sb/oneself

getdressed穿衣dressup盛装打扮besuccessfulin(doing)sth成功地做某事succeedv.成功

succeedin(doing)sth成功地

tryon试穿(动副结构)tryiton

(be)in+颜色或衣服eg:Thegirlinaredcoatismysister.

Unit6Iamgoingtostudycomputerscience.

1.keep+形容词,表示保持某种状态

keep+sb/sth+形容词,表示使某人或某物保持某种状态keepdoingsth不断地做某事keepsbdoingsth使某人持续做某事

keepsbfromdoingsth=stop/preventsb(from)doingsth阻止某人做

keepondoingsth坚持做某事

某事

2.medicine[UC]takemedicine吃药的medicallyadv.

3.日期、月份、年份等前面有next、last、this等词语时,要省略前面的介词on、in

4.sendsthto把„寄往sendsthtosb=sendsbsth

sendsbtodo派人去做sendfor派人去请sendup发射sendout分发sendoff寄出

5.beabletodo能够做某事(→disability)

6.havetodowith关于,与…有关havenothingtodowith与…无关7.takeup培养,学着做,占用(时间、空间)

ableadj.能够

abilityn.能力

pill[C]药丸

Medicaladj.医学

Unit7Willpeoplehaverobots?

1.Doyouknow+陈述语序回答时,针对从句部分回答

—Doyouknowtherewillbeafootballmatchthisafternoon?—Yes,therewill./No,therewon’t

2.in+时间段是指以现在时间为起点的\"在一段时间以后\",句中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态。

若表示将来某一刻之后,要用after而不能用in。如:shewillfinishtheworkafter6o’clock.3.

pollute

v.

pollution

[UC]

染white/air/water/noisepollutionpollutedadj.被污染的pollutedwater

4.hundred,thousand,million(百万),billion表示不确切的数目时,在词尾加s,且和of连用,

表示数百,数千,数百万,数十亿。

当这些词前有数词或several,some等修饰词时则不加s,也不跟介词of连用,直接跟名词。5.inthefuture在将来overandoveragain反复,再三wakeup醒来,叫醒old活到200岁

falldown倒塌

livetobe100years

believein信任某人的为人,信仰

Unit8Howdoyoumakeabananamilkshake?

1.①不可数名词没有复数形式,不可以与定冠词a/an连用,但是可用“数字+量词+of”修饰

acupoftea,apieceofpaper/news/chalk,abottleofmilk②不可数名词做主语,谓语动词用单数;如果前面有复数名词短语修饰,谓语动词用复数。

Somemilkisinthebottle.Therearetwobottlesofmilkonthetable.③对不可数名词提问用howmuch;前面有表示数量的名词短语修饰时,提问用howmany。

Howmuchsugardoweneed?nthetable?

2.有的名词,既可以做可数名词又可以做不可数名词room房间→空间汁

chicken小鸡→鸡肉

orange橙子→橙

Howmanycupsofteaarethereo

work作品,著作→工作

time次数,倍数→时

exercise练习,操→运动,锻炼间

fish鱼,鱼类→鱼肉

(fish鱼,单复数同形,onefish一条鱼,twofish两条鱼;twofishes两种鱼)

3.cutup切碎=cut…intopieces

cutsthintwo/half将某物切成两

半cutout删减cutdown砍倒

puton穿上,上演

putout熄

4.put…in/into…把…放进…里灭

putdown放下

putup举起,搭建putaway把„收起来放好putoffdoing推迟5.First…Next…Then…Finally首先……接下来……然后…….最后……

6.needtodosth.需要做某事被

needn’t=don’thaveto不必要

needdoing=needtobedone需要

7.halfa/an…一半的…halfacup半杯

Halfof+名词做主语,谓语动词取决于后面的名词Eg:Halfofthebooksarenovels.9.servesb(with)sth物

Halfofhismoneywasstolen.

servesthtosb把某物提供给某人,招待某人某

Unit9Canyoucometomyparty?

1.

Shallwe„„?

Can/Couldyou……?Wouldyoulike/loveto„„?Willyouplease„„?接

Sure/

Certainly

/Withpleasure/Ofcourse/I’dloveto/Thatsoundgreat/Thankyouforinvitingme.拒

绝:Sorry,Ican’t.But„„/I’mafraidnot./I’dloveto,but„„/Sorry,I’mafraidIcan’t.

2.available人做主语意为“有空的,能够出席的”;物做主语意为“有效的,有用的,可获得的”

3.What’stoday?今天几号,星期几?What’sthedatetoday?今天几月几号?天星期几?4.

hear

from

sb

It’sMondaythe14th.

Whatdayisittoday?今

信=get/receivealetterfromsb.5.replyinwriting书面回复

hearof=hearabout听说

replytosth/sb.对…..作出回答

Unit10Ifyougototheparty,you’llhaveagreattime!

1.主将从现:if引导条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时

2.haveagreat/good/excellent/wonderful/nice/pleasanttime+V-ing=h

avefun+V-ing=enjoyoneself

3.交通工具的表达:take+限定词+交通工具takethebus乘公共汽车

by+交通工具bybus乘公共汽车

in/on+限定词+交通工具inthecar

4.

do/

does/

did

代替前文出现的事

eg:

ontheplane

onfoot步

IthinkI’lltakethebustotheparty.Ifyoudo,you’llbelate.5.orderfood点餐=takeone’sorderorderthat

ordersb(not)todo命令某人(不)做某事6.

疑问词+不定式做宾语

eg:

inorder(not)todo为了(不)in

Idon’tknowwhattodo=Idon’tknowhowtodoit7.givesb.someadvice给某人提一些建议听从某人的意见

advice[UC]suggestion[C]告某人做某事

8.makecarelessmistakes犯粗心的错误地mistakeAforB错把A当B9.beafraidofsb/sth害怕某人/某物某事发生

beafraidtodosth不敢做某事心

beafraid(that)恐怕…(让对方失望)

beafraidfor为…担

beafraidofdoingsth害怕/担心

bymistake错误

advisev.建议

advisesb.todosth.劝take/followone’sadvice

10.keep…tooneself保守秘密runawayfrom逃避;逃跑

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