一. 文章规律：
文章=重要信息（20%）+次要信息（80%） 重要信息：文章的主题或中心思想+重要解释 次要信息：文章的背景，例子，实验过程等
在有限的时间中，我们要不求读完，但求读懂，因此，我们有必要针对不同的体裁，采取不同的策略，从而提高我们的做题效率。
文章一定要以句子为单位阅读，不能光看几个单词，因为，句子才是表意的基本单位，光看个别单词会曲解原意。阅读中，要心存“绿洲思想”，能看懂的句子看慢点，不能看懂的句子可以忽略。有舍才有得，如果光纠结自己不会的单词和句子，只会增加烦恼，恐惧，对做题百害无一利。
二．做题方法：七字口诀（一靠主题，二靠找）
任何文章都有主题，读懂主题就等于读懂文章，高考文章更是如此，文章都是精挑细选的，更具有思想教育意义。
每篇文章都要围绕一个主题来说，每道题都来自于文章，因此，每道题的正确答案都应该符合文章主题，不符合主题的选项一定是错误选项。
题干的关键词在文中找到了出处，仔细理解这句话，通常正确选项的表述都是文章出题句的同意转述。 三． 做题步骤：
先看文章再看题，表面上是浪费时间，但学会方法后，是省时省力的。 Step1：两首一尾定主题。
首段+各段首句+尾段 确定文章的主题。 Step2：根据题干找答案。 四：五大解题原则：
1. 关键词原则：题干问什么就找什么。
题干关键词：人名、地名，大写字母，数字，年代，时间，日期。核心名词，动词，形容词和副词。
2. 同意替换原则：题目的正确答案大部分都是文章中出题句 的同意替换。选项中出现个别词和文章中的词一样时，往往是错误答案。
3. 题文同序原则： 题目的顺序往往和文章段落顺序一致。
4. 话题一致原则：题干问A事物，只需在文章中寻找描述A事物的段落。
5. 只看一句原则: 正确答案往往是文章中某一段落中的一句话。（找到关键词，分析一整句，一句不够用，才看上下句， 通常看下句，代词看上句） 五．阅读理解四大主要题型： “大小猜判”
大：主旨大意题 1.What would be the best title for the text? 2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?
小：事实细节题 What is special about CanCandy? Why did he pay for the bill?
Which of the following is NOT true?
猜：猜测词意题What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to? 判：推理判断题 1.We can infer from the Passage that______. 2.What can be inferred from the Passage 3? 主旨大意题，推理判断题通常靠主题来做题。 事实细节题和猜测词意题通常靠找来做。 六．阅读文章体裁：
应用文：广告类，书信类 A篇 记叙文：叙事抒情 B篇
说明文：说明事物或现象 C篇和七选五 议论文：描述现象得出观点 D篇
记叙文之讲练
一、记叙文写作特点
记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。 就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓＂一篇之妙，在于落句＂。
二、记叙文命题特点
从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有
一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。
三、记叙文解题技巧 一把钥匙开一把锁。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。 No.1 顺藤摸瓜
记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。 No.2 左顾右盼 在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。 No.3 刨根问底
如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如＂What can be inferred from …?＂或是What does the author imply in…?＂之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。 No.4 拨云见日
每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。
这时，你不仅需要＂左顾右盼＂，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。
例题解析：
2018北京高考题 A
My First Marathon（马拉松）
A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”.
The idea that 1 was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, 1 realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn't even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces (鞋带 ） became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21,I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗标签)， I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.
36. A month before the marathon, the author______ .
A. was well trained B. felt scared C. made up his mind to run D. lost hope 37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?
A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher. B. To amuse the readers with a funny story. C. To show he was not talented in sports. D. To share a precious memory. 38. How was the author’s first marathon?
A. He made it. B. He quit halfway. C. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the end. 39. What does the story mainly tell us?
A. A man owes his success to his family support. B. A winner is one with a great effort of will. C. Failure is the mother of success. D. One is never too old to learn. 【答案】： C，C，A，B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，作者在参加马拉松前一个月受了伤，训练时间不足，且在初一时就被体育老师说没有运动天赋，但是30多岁的他依然坚持跑完马拉松，突破自我，挑战不可能。 ⑴细节理解。根据题干中的a month before the marathon可知答案在第一段，由最后一句Yet, I was determined to go ahead可知作者决定参加比赛，故答案为C。 ⑵细节理解。将题干中的P.E. class in his 7th year定位在第二段，作者自己在7年纪的时候做得不是很好，后来被老师认为不是一个擅长运动的人，并且第三段提到老师的not athletic一直影响着他，故答案为C。 ⑶细节理解。从文章倒数第二段 I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal可知作者坚持到最后，终于做到了，故答案为A。 ⑷主旨大意。这是一篇记叙文，在最后一段点题：Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a ＂marathon winner＂可知，作者是一个意志坚定，通过不懈努力，最终获得了成功的胜利者，故答案为B。
【点评】本文属于励志的故事类阅读，阅读时要通读文章，弄清文章的主旨大意。答题时注
意问题中的关键词在文章中的准确定位，根据关键词定位并查找信息，切忌凭感觉做题。
(2019•北京卷II，B)
Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13，her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids' teeth，instead of destroying them.
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, \"Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it?\" With that in mind, Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.
With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.
Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore's product-Cancandy.
As CanCandy's success grows, so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents' help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles. She donates 10% of AilicCandy's profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
34. How did Moore react to her dad's warning? A. She argued with him. B. She tried to find a way out. C. She paid no attention.
D. She chose to consult dentists. 35. What is special about CanCandy? A. It is beneficial to dental health. B. It is free of sweeteners.
C. It is sweeter than other candies. D. It is produced to a dentists' recipe.
36. What does Moore expect from her business? A. To earn more money. B. To help others find smiles. C. To make herself stand out. D. To beat other candy companies.
37. What can we learn from Alice Moore's story?
A. Fame is a great thirst of the young. B. A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C. Positive thinking and action result in success. D. Success means getting personal desires satisfied
【查看答案】
34.【答案】B 【解析】
推理判断题。根据第二段的But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, \"Why can’t I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it? \"及下文她想方设法最终制作出了叫CanCandy的糖果可知，她对父亲的警告的反应是：她试图找到一条出路。故选B。
35.【答案】A 【解析】
细节理解题。根据第三段的Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.可知，因此，这种糖只使用天然甜味剂，可以减少口腔细菌，因此它对牙齿有利。故选A。
36.【答案】B 【解析】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles.可知，Moor想用她独特的才能帮助别人找到他们的笑容。故选B。
37.【答案】C 【解析】
推理判断题。文章主要讲述了Moor的创业故事，她之所以能成功源于面对问题和困难时，她乐观的看待问题，积极的想方设法去解决问题。因此，通过她的故事让我们懂得积极的思考和行动会带来成功。故选C。 【文章大意】
这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Alice Moore，一个年轻有为的创业者的故事，故事告诉我们：积极的思考和行动会带来成功。
Homework
Passage1(2019•全国新课标卷I，B)
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回
想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’”
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.
“Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”
24. What made Chris nervous？ A. Telling a story. B. Making a speech. C. Taking a test. D. Answering a question.
25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes.
26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to ______. A. help students see their own strengths B. assess students’ public speaking skills C. prepare students for their future jobs D. inspire students’ love for politics
27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher? A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding.
【查看答案】 24.【答案】B 【解析】
细节理解题。根据第一段today is speech day和本段最后一句with shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kids who would enjoy public speaking. 以及第二段第一句But he’s nervous.可知，Chris眼睛黑亮，似乎是那种喜欢公共演讲的孩子，但是他却很紧张，故可知Chris是因为做演讲紧张，故选B。
25.【答案】A 【解析】
词义猜测题。根据第二段 “I’m here to tell you today why you should…should…” Chris trips on the “-ld”, a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. 以及后文except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well 可知, Chris 发ld比较困难，这对于英语不是母语的学习者来说都是一个困难，总体来说Chris做得出奇的好。根据前文可知，ld发音不准，因此有些结巴，停顿得不准，故选A。
26.【答案】A 【解析】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.以及最后一段 “boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”可知，这个课程不仅仅教孩子阅读以及公共演讲，还要让孩子学会夸耀自己，而夸耀自己对于那些进入教室没有信心的学生来说很困难，故可知，Whaley老师这么做是为了帮助学生认识自己的优势增加信心，故选A。
27.【答案】C 【解析】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.和最后一段He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves可知，当他有一天问学生认为自己当不了总统请举手的时候，想到了一个想法，这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心，故可以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。humorous 幽默的， ambitious 有雄心壮志的；caring 关心的；demanding要求高的。故选C。 【语篇解读】
本文属于记叙文，讲述Thomas Whaley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲课程。
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