一、定义：情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。 情态动词的特点 1. 多义性；
2. 没有人称和数的变化；（be able to和have to这两个情态动词短语除外）
3.与主要动词的原形（或称不带to的不定式）一起构成谓语（除ought to作固定词组看待）。
情态动词的基本用法 1. can (could)
(1)表示能力，could主要指过去时间。
Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。
Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？ (2)表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。
He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。
You mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子 里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。 (3)表示允许。
Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？
He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。
(4)表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 He can’t (couldn’t) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。 How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？ (5)比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？
I’m afraid we couldn’t give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。 2. may (might)
(1)表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉，比can要正式。 You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。
May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？
在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don’t ./ You’d better not. / No, you mustn’t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。 (2)表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。 He may be at home. 他可能在家。
She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。
He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。
They might be having a meeting, but I’m not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。 (3)注意may be和maybe的区别
Her boyfriend may be a bad man.= Maybe her boyfriend a bad man. 3. must
must拥有情态动词家族的共性：无人称和数的变化，也无时态变化。作谓语时一律用“must +动词原形”结构。
(1)表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。
We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。 I ______ ______ hard. 我必须努力学习。 (2)表示要求某人必须做某事时，主语用其它人称。
You must wait in line. 你必须排队等候。
(3)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等。 气要比may肯定得多，表示对某事把握很大的推测，只能用于肯定句 。
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。
She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链，一定很
有钱。
在否定句型表示推测的含义时不用mustn’t而用 can’t。
She ______ ______our new Chinese teacher.她一定是我们的新的语文老师。 The door is closed. He ______ ______ at home. 门关着，他一定不在家。 注意：must的变脸：
(1)must的否定式是在must后面加上not，常缩写成mustn’t，意思是“决不可；千万不能；务必不要；禁止”。在对May I ...?作否定回答时用No， you mustn’t / can’t。 如： You mustn’t talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话。
You _________ tell her this news. 你绝不能（千万不要）告诉她这消息。 You ________ ______smoke here.你绝不能在这儿抽烟。
(2)must的疑问式是将must提在主语前。must用在问句中作“必须”解，这时要注意肯定与否定回答时的用语。其肯定简略答语是Yes，主语+ must。 若是否定回答，则是No，主语+needn’t或don’t have to。
—Must we hand in our exercise—books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？
—No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. 不必。（这种情况下，一般不用mustn’t）例如： —Must I finish my homework today? 今天我必须完成我的作业吗？ —No，you ______ / Yes， you______. 不必。/ 对，你必须完成。 4.shall
(1)表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。 Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？ Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？
我们今晚做什么？
(2)表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。 You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令）
You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺） He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告） Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心） 5. should
(1)表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。 You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。 You shouldn’t waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。 (2)表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。
The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演 的，估计拍得很好。
They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。 6. need
意为“需要”，既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。 ①用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。 --Need I come? --Yes, you must. --我需要来吗？ --需要。 You needn’t telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。 I don’t think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。
②用作实义动词时，有时态、人称和数的变化，可用于各种句式。 如果人作主语，need to do sth 如果物作主语，need doing sth
You don’t need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。
我们需要把这消息告诉他们。 桌子需要油漆一下。 7. have to
①have to意思是不得不，可视为情态动词，但有人称和数的变化，要视主语的不同而变化。 She has to wear warm clothes. 她不得不穿上温暖的衣服。
我们不得不上课。 ②have to变一般疑问句时，在句首加助动词Do。
他不得不工作到很晚吗？ 8. had better的基本用法：
had better缩写为’d better。意为最好，没有人称的变化。 其肯定形式为：had better do sth. 意思是“最好做某事”。 其否定形式为：had better not do sth.意思是“最好不做某事”。
我们最好现在就走。 你最好不要把这本书给他。 【注意】：You’d better….表示劝告或委婉的命令，对长辈不宜使用。
*几组词的辨异 1. can 和be able to
(1)情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，而be able to有多种时态 形式。
Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。
(2)用在过去时中，could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而was∕were able to则
表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。
He could across the English Channel. But he didn’t feel like it that day. 他能游过英吉利海峡，但那天他不想游。
Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。 2. must和 have to
must强调主观需要，have to强调客观需要。must没有过去式，have to有过去式。 I told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必须戒烟。
We had to get everything ready that night. 我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。 选择题
( ) 1．You eat the soup if you don’t 1ike it.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t ( ) 2．一Mr Smith must have been to your home this morning. 一No. he , because he didn’t know my address.
A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. may not ( ) 3．—Someone is knocking at the door. Who it be? —It be Tom. He is still in the schoo1. A. can; can’t B. can; mustn’t C. might; could D. might; may ( ) 4．一 you leave now? You only arrived here an hour ago. 一Sorry, but so much homework is waiting for me.
A. May B. Might C．Can D．Must ( ) 5．一Dick, I use your e—dictionary?
一Yes, please. you give it to Mike after you use it?
A．will; Would B．can; Could C．may; Might D．shall; Should ( ) 6．一Someone is knocking at the door. Go and see who it can be. 一It Peter, because he New Zealand.
A．can’t be; has 1eft for B．may be; has been to C．mustn’t be; has gone to D．might be; has left for ( ) 7．一Excuse me，could you please tell me the way to the bus station?
一Oh, sorry, but I don’t know. You go and ask that policeman over there. A．would B．must C．may D．should
( ) 8．一May I take this magazine out?
— . It is necessary for you to read it here. A．No, you may not B．No, you mustn’t C．Yes, you may D．Yes, you must ( ) 9．一Dad, must we wait until the light becomes green? 一Yes, I’m afraid we . That’s the traffic rule.
A．can B．may C．have to D．need ( )10．You believe what he has said. It be true. A．needn’t; shouldn’t B．don’t need to; can’t C．don’t need; may not D．don’t need to; mustn’t ( )11．The fish on the plate . Please throw it away at once.
A．tastes good B．smells well C．tastes bad D．smells badly ( )12．一Fifty dollars for such a dress! You be joking! —I’m serious．It’s made of silk．
A．need B．must C．may D．Can
练习
Ⅰ单项选择
( )1．一Could you find ways to work out this problem, Jim? 一Yes, I . A．Other; could B．the other; can
C．Other; can D．the other; could
( )2．Generally speaking, there be any survivors after such a long time. However, two young people were found . Life is super-nature! A. mustn’t; living B. can’t; dying C. May; dead D. can’t; alive ( )3．—What about the popcorn? —Wonderful! Nothing tastes . A. nice B. better C. worse D. terrible ( )4．John, you play with the knife, or you hurt yourself. A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
( )5．— I try on those shoes in the window? — . They are just on show． A．Could; Yes, you can B．Can; Sorry, you couldn’t C．Could; Sorry, you can’t D．Can; Yes, you could ( )6．一Shall we go for a picnic in the park this coming Saturday? 一Oh, that good.
A．feels B．1ooks C．tastes D．sounds ( )7．一Honey, stay home before I return. —I , mum. A．must B．can C．will D．should ( )8．The oil , but poor Rose can’t smell as as before. A．is smelt good; well B．smells good; well
C．is smelt well; good D．smells well; good ( )9．一Shall we meet at the station at 8 a.m. ?
一In fact we The train until 10 a.m. A．mustn’t; doesn’t 1eave B．mustn’t; leaves C．needn’t; won’t leave D needn’t; will leave ( )10．一Must I finish the project now?
一No, you . You do it this evening. A．mustn't; can B．needn’t; may C．can’t; must D．needn’t; must ( )11．一I think I’ll give Tom a call.
一You . You haven’t been in touch with him for years. A．will B．may C．have to D．should ( )12．一No one be compared with Messi in playing football. —Oh, you are really his big fan.
A．can B．could C．must D．might ( )13．The work in two hours. Let’s hurry.
A．must be do B．must do C．will do D．must be done ( )14．一Could I call you by your first name? 一Yes, you . A．will B．could C．may D．might ( )15．一How many English words do you think I should know? 一As many as you . Then you will find reading quite easy. A．can B．must C．will D．might
( )16．About of the engineers in my company seem in their . A．two-nineths; being; fourties B．two-ninths; to be; forties C．two-ninths; being; forties D．two-nineths; to be; ourtieth
Ⅱ完形填空
A young man and an old man 1 in the park. The old man 2 tired so he 3 to have a rest. There is a chair in front of the young man. The oldman sees the chair. He wants 4 on the chair. He walks to the chair. The young man walks to it, too. So the old man begins to run. The young man say, “ 5 sit on the chair! ” The old man doesn't 6 him. Now he 7 on it. He looks 8 .The young man comes over to him. He is 9 a small board(一块小的板) in his hand. It 10 “Wet Paint(油漆未干)”
C. walking D. walk （ ）1. A. are walking B. is wanting
B. is C. are D. be （ ）2. A. am
C. wants D. to want （ ）3. A .is wanting B. want
B. sit C. sitting D. sat （ ）4. A. to sit
B. Doesn't C. Don t D. Can’ t （ ）5. A. Not
B. listen to C. hear of D. to hear （ ）6. A. listen
B. is sitting C. are sitting D. sits （ ）7. A. is sitting
B. happy C. very happily D. more happy （ ）8. A. happily
（ ）9. A. hold （ ）10. A. talks
Ⅲ阅读理解
B. holding B. speaks C. holds C. tells D. held D. says
Mrs. Weeks was reading a newspaper story to her class. The story said where you ever in a hospital when you were small? How did you feel? The doctors in Children’s Hospital are asking for money for children’s toys. Some children in the hospital must stay in bed for many weeks. Toys are needed to keep these sick.children happy and quiet. Money for them can be sent to the hospital.
After Mrs. Weeks read the story, she said, This story gave me an idea.
You want us to bring some money for the toys. We could bring some of our own toys for the children in the hospital. said the boys and girls one after another. Well, your ideas would be nice, Mrs Weeks said, but mine is different. We could make some toys. shouted one of them.
Mrs. Weeks smiled. Do you think you could make toys? she asked. Yes, yes. the whole class answered.
Great! Let’s begin to make toys tomorrow. said Mrs. Weeks.
On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Weeks took children to the hospital with the toys made by her students. The children in the class felt happy, too.
A few days later, Mrs. Weeks read another newspaper story to the class
Some school pupils brought toys to Children’s Hospital last week. The toys were made by the pupils of Grade Three in Green Street School. The doctor said, We have never had so many wonderful toys. Our children are very happy with them. They say, ‘THANK YOU, GRADE THREE.’ （ ）1. What was the first newspaper story mainly about?
A. Sick children in Children’s Hospital B. Doctors in Children’s Hospital. C. Mrs. Weeks and her students. D. Toys made by the boys and girls. （ ）2. What idea did Mrs. Weeks have in mind?
A. Ask the class to give some money to the children in the hospital.
B. Ask the class to send some of their own toys to the children in the hospital.
C. Let the class make some toys themselves and give them to the children in the hospital.
D. Tell the class to go to see the children in the hospital.
（ ）3. Doctors in Children’s Hospital didn’t have ____ to keep the children happy and
quiet.
A. enough time B. enough boys and girls C. get money to buy toys for D. enough doctors
（ ）4. At first，the doctors in Children’s Hospital wanted to ____ the sick children. A. give some money to B. make some toys for C. get money to buy toys for D. borrow some toys for （ ）5. What Mrs Weeks really wanted to do is to ____.
A. let everyone know her class
B. save some money for toys
C. make herself famous
D. teach the pupils to do things themselves and be helpful to others
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