谈谈未曾实现的愿望的十种表达法

近几年的高考中，考查了一些未曾实现的愿望的表达法，本文就中学常见的十种未曾实现的愿望的句型作一归纳，以飨读者。

一．情态动词 . should , ought to ,would. could , might 等后接不定式的完成式表示过去本来打算做、想做或应该做而未做的事。

1．I was really anxious about you. you shouldn't have left without a word. (NMET 2001)我真的很为你担心，你本不该一声不哼就离开

2．You ought to have kept your promise. Why did you change your mind? 你本应该坚守你的诺言，为什么你又改变了你的主意的？

3．I would have told you the truth but I wasn't allowed to do so. 我本想告诉你真相，但是情况不充许 4．—I stayed at a hotel while in New York. —在纽约的时候我住在一家旅馆里。

—Oh, did you? You could have stayed with Barbara.—噢，是吗？你本可以和Barbara住在一起。（NMET 98）

5．I might have given you some help, but I went to Beijing on business at that time.我本来可以帮帮你的忙，但是那时我出差去北京了。 注意：should have done 还可以表示对已发生的事情的惊讶、不快、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩，译为“竟然”，could/might have done 还可以表示对过去发生的事的推测，译为“可能做过某事”。

1．It's surprising that her novel should have won the first prize. 她的小说居然获得了头等奖，真奇怪。 2．He looked very sad. He might/could have heard about the bad news. 他看起来很难过，他可能听到了这个不幸的消息。

二、was/were going to do sth 表示主语未曾实现的打算或计划，译为“本打算„„” —Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

—I , but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET 97) A. had B. would C. was going to D. did 答案为C.—Alice . 你昨天为什么不来？

—我本打算来，但去了一个不速之客。

三、was/were about to do sth 表示主语未曾实现的意图.

I was about to leave when the telephone rang .我正要离开这时电话铃响了。

四、was/were to have done sth 表示未完成的打算、计划或安排，含有“本来打算„„”之意。 We were to have met at 9:00 this morning but I missed the bus. 我们本上午九点钟见面，但我没赶上公共汽车。

五.would /should like/love to have done sth 表示希望做，但未做到的事。

I would love to the party lave night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report (NMET 97) A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone

答案为B.译为“昨天晚上我想着去参加晚会，但是为了写完报告，我不得不加了几个小时的班”。 六．had better/would rather have done sth. 当初最好，当初真该。

1．Such dictionaries have been sold out. We had better have bought one.那种词典已经卖光了，我们当初真该买一本。 2．“Did you scold him for his carelessness?” 你责备他粗心了吗？

“Yes, but Id rather not have done it.” 是的，但是我当初真不该责备他。

七．wish + that 从句（从句谓语动词用had +过去分词）表示过去未曾实现的愿望。 —The bus has just left. —公共汽车刚刚开走

—How I wish I had been here a few minutes earlier. —我真希望我早到几分钟。 八．If only „句型中，谓语动词用had +过去分词。

1．Some guests are coming. But there is no meat in the fridge. 一些客人要来，但是冰箱里没肉了。 If only I had bought some yesterday. 要是昨天我买些就好了。

2. If only he quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. (2000 上海36题)

A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie

答案为C,应译为要是他按照医生说的那样静静地躺着，他现在就不会遭那么大的罪了 九．had thought/hoped/meant/intended/expected/wanted/planned that + 从句 表示主语未曾实现的愿望。 1．I had intended to come over to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn't get away.昨天晚上我本来打算过来看你，但是有人来访，我不能脱身。

2．We had hoped that you would be able to visit us. 我们本来希望你们能来看我们。

十.thought/hoped/meant/expected/wanted/planned to have done 可表示主语未曾实现的愿望。

He to have written the manager a letter this morning, but he was very busy.他本来打算今天上午给经理写封信，但是他很忙