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英语划分句子成分句式练习题及答案

2021-11-24 来源:钮旅网
 英语句子成分与结构 英语句子成分 (一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 (二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如: Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词) WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词) One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(数词) Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式) Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词) Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词) WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句) Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式) (三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning. -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考

2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。如:Wearestudents. (四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如: OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词) Isityours?(代词) Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词) Thespeechisexciting.(分词) Threetimessevenistwentyone?(数词) HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式) Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词) Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语) Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副词) Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句) (五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如: Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词) Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代词) Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(数词) Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词) Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短语) -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考

Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语) Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句) 宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor. (六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如: HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词) Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词) Letthefreshairin.(副词) Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语) Wesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词) Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语) Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句) (七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示: Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词) Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词) Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名词) HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词) Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语) -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考

Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词) HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语) (八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示: Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组) Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语) Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短语) Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语) Waitaminute.(名词) Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(状语从句) 状语种类如下: Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(时间状语) Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因状语) Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(条件状语) MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地点状语) Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式状语) Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴随状语) Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的状语) Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(结果状语) Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(让步状语) Iamtallerthanheis.(比较状语) 英语句子结构 -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考

英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: S十V主谓结构 S十V十F主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构 说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾 语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下: 1.S十V句式 在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: Herunsquickly.他跑得快。 Theylistenedcarefully.他们听得很仔细。 Hesufferedfromcoldandhunger.他挨冻受饿。 Chinabelongstothethirdworldcountry.中国属于第三世界国家。 Thegashasgivenout.煤气用完了。 Myinkhasrunout.我的钢笔水用完了。 2.S十V十P句式 在此句式中,V是系动词(linkv.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fallill/asleep,stand/sitstill,become,turn等。例如: -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考

Heisolderthanhelooks.他比看上去要老。 Heseeninterestedinthebook.他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 Thestorysoundsinteresting.这个故事听起来有趣。 Thedeskfeelshard.书桌摸起来很硬。 Thecaketastesnice.饼尝起来很香。 Theflowerssmellsweetandnicc.花闻起来香甜。 Youhavegrowntallerthanbefore.你长得比以前高了。 Hehassuddenlyfallenill.他突然病倒了。 Hestoodquitestill.他静静地站看。 Hebecomesateacherwhenhegrewup.他长大后当了教师。 注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: Helookedmeupanddown.他上下打量我。 Hereachedhishandtofeeltheelephant.他伸出手来摸象。 Theyaretastingthefish.他们在品尝鱼。 Theygrowriceintheirhometown.他们在家乡种水稻。 He'sgotachairtositon.他有椅子坐。 PleaseturnthesentenceintoEnglish.请把这个句于泽成英语。 3.S十V十O句式 在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: Isawafilmyesterday.我昨天看了一部电影。 Haveyoureadthestory?你读过这个故事吗? Theyfoundtheirhomeeasily.他们很容易找到他们的家。 Theybuiltahouselastyear.他们去年建了一所房子。 -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考

They'veputupafactoryinthevillage.他们在村里建了一座工厂。 Theyhavetakengoodcareofthechildren.这些孩子他们照看得很好。 Youshouldlookafteryourchildrenwell.你应该好好照看你的孩子。 4.S十V十O1十O2句式 在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,例如: Hegavemeabook/abooktome.他给我一本书。 Hebroughtmeapen/apentome.他带给我一枝钢笔。 Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattome.他把座位让给我。 注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: Motherboughtmeabook/abookforme.妈妈给我买了一本书。 Hegotmeachair/achairforme.他给我弄了一把椅子。 Pleasedomeafavor/afavorforme.请帮我一下。 Heaskedmeaquestion/aquestionofme.他问我个问题。 注意,下边动词只有一种说法: Theyrobbedtheoldmanofhismoney.他们抢了老人的钱。 He'swarnedmeofthedanger.他警告我注意危险。 Thedoctorhascuredhimofhisdisease.医生治好了他的病。 Wemustridthehouseoftherats.我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 Theydeprivedhimofhisrighttospeak.他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 5.S十V十O十C句式 -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考

warn等。 在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 Theymadethegirlangry.他们使这个女孩生气了。 Theyfoundherhappythatday.他们发现那天她很高兴。 Ifoundhimout.我发现他出去了。 Isawhimin.我见他在家。 Theysawafootmarkinthesand.他们发现沙地上有脚印。 TheynamedtheboyCharlie.他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 Isawhimcomeinandgoout.我见他进来又出去。 Theyfeltthecarmovingfast.他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 Iheardtheglassbrokenjustnow.我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 Hefoundthedoctorofstudyclosedtohim.他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 练习 一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分: 1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus. 2.Hehandedmethenewspaper. 3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass. 4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting! 5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning. 6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers. 7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing. -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考

8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight. 9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow. 10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist. 11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime. 12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice. 13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish. 14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay? 15.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood. 16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress? 17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper. 18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy. 19.Henoticedamanentertheroom. 20.Theapplestastedsweet. 二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语(—)、状语(=)、补语(~): MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents. 三、选择填空: ()1.____willleaveforBeijing. -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考

A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow ()2.Theweather____. A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold ()3.Theappletasted____. A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet ()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning. A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter ()5.Theactor______attheageof70. A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded ()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest. A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we ()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______. A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly ()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell. A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis ()9.Thedog____mad. A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked ()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy. A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where 四、分析下列句子成分 1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome. 2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考

3. Allofusconsideredhimhonest. 4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes. 5. Hebrokeapieceofglass. 6. 6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity. 7. ---Iloveyoumorethanher,child. 8. 8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes. 9. Theypushedthedooropen. 10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight. 11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends. 12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching 13. Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone. 14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong. 15. Don'tgetnervous,helpyourselftowhatyoulike. 16.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful. 17.Hedidn'tcome.Thatiswhyhedidn'tknow. 18.Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures. 19.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife. 20.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown. 21.ThecarsmadeinJapanarebetterthanthoseinGermany. 22.Therearesomanypeopleinthehallthatit'shardformetofindhim. 23.Nomatterhowdifficultthetaskmaybe,wemustfulfilitthismonth. 24.Gobackwhereyoucamefrom. 25.Wemustdowhateverthepeoplewantustodo. -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考

26.Atlasthegothome,tiredandhungry. 27.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup? 28Maryhandedherhomeworktotheteacher. 29.Doyouknowthelatestnewsabouthim? 30.I’llgetmyhaircuttomorrow. 五、区分复合句,简单句,并列句。 Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden. MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents. -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考

练习答案: 一、1、主语,定语;2、间接宾语;3、谓语,状语;4、定语;5、状语,状语;6、定语,表语;7、宾语,状语;8、谓语,主语;9、谓语;10、主语,表语;11、谓语,宾语;12、状语;13、形式宾语,真正宾语;14、宾语、定语;15、插入语,状语;16、宾语(间宾+直宾);17、状语,状语;18、形式主语,表语,宾补;19、宾补;20、表语 三、1~5CBDBB6~10ACBAB 1.主语+系动词+表语2.主语+系动词+表语 3.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语4.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 5.主语+及物动词+宾语6.主语+动词+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+宾语 7.主语+及物动词+宾语8.主语+系动词+表语 9.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语10.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 11.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语12主语+及物动词+宾语 13.主语+及物动词+宾语14.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语 15.主语+系动词+表语16.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语 17.主语+系动词+表语18.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 19.主语+不及物动词20.主语+不及物动词 21.主语+系动词+表语22.主语+系动词+表语 23.主语+及物动词+宾语24.主语+不及物动词 25.主语+及物动词+宾语26.主语+不及物动词 27.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语28.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 29.主语+及物动词+宾语30.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语 Ihopeyouareverywell(复合句).I'mfine,buttired(简单句).RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm(并列句).Augustisthehottestmonthhere(简单句).Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.(并列句)Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors(简单句).WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat(并列复合句).Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm(简单句).Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim(复合-来源网络,仅供个人学习参考

句).Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest(简单句).Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden(简单句).Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere(简单句).Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden(简单句).Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell(简单句).Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden(简单句). MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime(简单句).Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy(简单句).Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside(简单句).It'sgreat(简单句)!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion(简单句).Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer(简单句).Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty(复合句).InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates(简单句).TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates(简单句).InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime(简单句).HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina(简单句)?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep(简单句).Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents(简单句). -来源网络,仅供个人学习参考

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