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中北大学研究生英语期末考试C册(1,3,4,6,7,11单元)备考资料

2022-05-22 来源:钮旅网
中北大学研究生英语C册期末考试复习指南

内容提要:

考试内容为Vocabulary, Close(A),Translation,基于教材《新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读C》学生用书总结,希望对大家考试有所帮助。内容为最全版,望积极下载! 一、词汇Vocabulary

1. They decided to perpetuate the memory of their leader by erecting a statue. 2. After young people step into the society, they will be beset with various temptations. 3. The gypsy girl swayed her hips in a sensuous way as she danced. 4. The protestant uttered a few commonplace about peace and democracy. 5. The elephant’s trunk is a unique form of appendage. 6. By making a remark about the weather unobtrusively, she kept the conversation going. 7. His Hamlet was a(an) revelation to the critics. 8. When little Tommy could not get his way, his behavior became perverse and contrary. 9. Someone must have rummaged about among my papers, for my drawer is in a mess. 10. When choosing a job, don’t be swayed just by promises of high earnings. 11. You have to see these changes in contest: they’re part of a larger plan.

12. She strongly denounced the government’s hypocrisy in dealing with the Israeli-Palestine issue. 13. He hopes to gain her favor by pandering to her desire for continuous praise. 14. The rain sent all the farmers who were working in the fields scurrying for shelter. 15. The police questioned the veracity of the suspect’s statement. 16. Each morning the priest spent an hour in quiet contemplation. 17. If one aids and abets a criminal, he is also considered culpable. 18. To put it bluntly, this article is too verbose, we must edit it. 19. Even though the evidence is overwhelming, if one juror is still skeptical, the case must be retried. 20. Although we are in different parties, his ideas on politics are exactly in line with mine. 21. The report make out its case for increased spending on education. 22. Celebrated the world over for his writing, he still refused to put himself in the foreground. 23. Producers of pornographic material often claim that they are cater to a psychological need. 24. By dint of sheer toughness and real courage, the expeditioners lived through the jungle difficulties and dangers. 25. “Could I impose on you for a little help with this letter? I don’t quite know the best way to phrase it without causing offense.” 26. Racial discrimination and injustice are ubiquitous and deeply ingrained in this country. 27. Compared with modern satellite dishes, ordinary TV aerials look positively antiquated. 28. Common sense and creativity are some of the intangible we’re looking for in an employee.

29. His parents had settled in the crowded ghettoes of the big city, surrounded by desperate poverty and anarchic violence. 30. The Prime Minister had an in-depth exchange of views and reached broad agreement with his European counterpart on

questions of protecting environment for human survival and combating international crimes.

31. Graduates who intend to get on in state system have, in their own interests, to conform to the rules and take the additional one-year course that is provided for them.

32. Do you think that Joy will get the award for this year’s best fashion designer? She is hard working and able, but no genius. 33. The new fashion soon lost its appeal, awaiting the next cycle. 34. Her pulse started throb when she saw there were books scattered over the carpet and a bowl of roses was overturned. 35. It was a large house containing a spacious sitting-room, four separate bedrooms and a communal kitchen. 36. The big Yorkshire combine, John Smith’s Tadcaster brewery, was reported to merge with Warwick and Richardson, the

brewers of Newark, Notts.

37. The increasing tempo of the new economic world could no longer afford to disperse with mechanics, hydrostatics, optics,

navigation, etc.

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38. This is an ambitious scheme to raise such a big sum of money in such a short time. 39. His reluctance to admit the failure outraged public opinion. 40. In some ways it will be a testing occasion for him, although some think his position unassailable simply because there is no

one else in sight to supplant him. 41. Rome was not built in a day: strongholds of tradition reinforce by stubborn religious conviction, often biased and prejudiced, could not be broken down in a moment.

42. All the publicity stunts in an advertising campaign were contrived to promote the sales of the products. 43. When truth is mingled with falsehood, truth is no longer taken as truth. 44. Equally important have been the Hobhouse journals, a vast mass of material partly in the British Museum ,partly in the

possession of the Hobhouse family in Somerset. 45. Well prepared and confident ,Tim appeared unabashed by all the media attention. 46. The impact of computer has been likened to that of the printing press. 47. The 16th century decorative style is weird in that parts of human, animal , and plant forms are distorted and mixed. 48. He was reputed to be the real writer of the two epic poems. 49. The tyrannical ruling and heavy taxation nourish strong resentment from the oppressed. 50. During the presidential election campaign, strategies and oratory are both crucial for public debates. 51. The spreading scandalous rumors severely under mine his reputation as a fierce warrior and trustful leader. 52. Mrs.Robin was driven almost insane by the inconsolable grief at her husband’s sudden death. 53. The ancient epic written by the anonymous writer glorified the hero’s deeds in battle. 54. She seemed to be obsessed with irrational fear that someone was plotting to murder her. 55. A profound frightful stillness spread over the city .Suddenly grotesque shrieks were heard in the darkness. 56. Some contemporary musicians deliberately use dissonance to achieve certain effects. 57. The workers’ demand for higher wages was a catalyst which led to important social changes. 58. In a poem, cadences are arranged in regular sequence. 59. His earthy sense of humor often embarrassed the ladies in his audience. 60. In order to create vivid characters in his novel, a writer has to draw upon his imagination and experience. 61. The unskilled eye of the layman has difficulty in discerning the nuance of color in the paintings. 62. He would sit at the piano and improvise for hours in themes from Bach and Handel. 63. It as undeniable that this invention heralded the age of the computer. 64. As one of the greatest soloists in the world, Callas had an astonishing vocal range. 65. In terms of stellar distances a journey from the earth to the moon would appear very short. 66. The advertising of cigarette and tobacco is as insidious as it is dishonest because the advertisements on display always depict

virile, clean-shaven young men and suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy. 67. Despite his great commercial success he still yearn for critical approval. 68. Several attempts to arrange a protest march failed to gather momentum. 69. It is believed that credit is the lifeblood of the consumer society. 70. Flighty women can not be relied on because they often have volatile dispositions. 71. Autism is a total lack of language, a pervasive lack of responsiveness to people, and peculiar speech patterns. 72. Brevity is essential when you send a telegram or cablegram; you are charged for every word. 73. There’s no use wailing over mistakes made in the past. You should pluck up courage to face the problems. 74. He failed the exam because none of his answers were pertinent to the questions asked. 75. Nothing he says is spontaneous; he always thinks carefully before he speaks. 76. Steel is highly resilient and therefore is used in the manufacture of springs. 77. We can meld our two small businesses into a larger one for further development. 78. In his farewell performance, the famous musician played a piano sonata of his own composition. 79. You can not deny the fact his business skill complements her flair for design. 2

80. The crude typewriter on display in this museum is the prototype of the elaborate machines in use today. 81. Her feeling of exuberance was so contagious that all the other patients were soon smiling or laughing. 82. This riot is only one manifestation of people’s discontent. It is imperative that the government should take actions to improve

their working style.

83. Bessie’s mind was not quite in tune with the profundities of that learned journal. 84. The funeral was interrupted by a burst of gunfire as the priest intoned the liturgy for the latest vicitim of the fighting. 85. The way the police treated him was akined to the worst sort of torture. 86. There is a (an) analogy between the way water moves in waves and the way light travels. 87. The wounded soldier fell back in the river, and his blood mingled with its waters. 88. I can’t help closing my eyes when I see a bright light; it’s s reflex. 89. All attempts at rationalization at this time are doomed to failure; tempers and emotions run too high for intelligent thought to prevail.

90. The report is vitiated by continual spelling mistakes. 91. They could perfectly well defend this suit, or in good faith try to. 92. The skiers were in imminent danger as the snow started its started its pitch forward, reaching avalanche proportions. 93. By inadvertence, he omitted two questions on the examination. 94. It was a (an) audacious stunt to throw a tightrope line between the two skyscrapers and walk across the line. 95. What you have said is an instance of pedantry and reveals an unfamiliarity with the realities of life. 96. At the last election he abstain from the vote because he was discontented with the existing social system. 97. These recurrent attacks disturbed us and we consulted a physician. 98. One of the salient features of that newspaper is its excellent editorial page. 99. The journalist on the “Daily Telegraph” gave a pedestrian description of events that were actually very exciting. 100. I do not feel that your limited resources will permit you to carry out such a pretentious program. 101. “Look at those pretty little girls’ dresses” is ambiguous, because it is not clear whether the girls or the dresses are “pretty”. 102. This report is filled with generalize; you must be more specific in your statements. 103. The two governments are completely in accord on the question of preserving peace. 104. A human being is quite a frail creature, for the gloss of rationality that covers his or her fears and insecurity is thin and often easily breached.

105. His extreme antipathy to dispute caused him to avoid argumentative discussion with his colleagues. 106. Sectarian politics are not a social phenomenon which can be disregarded; they are ruining the country’s economy.

107. The dilemma of the chronic balance of payments deficits which have plagued the US Treasury Department under three

presidents is very real.

108. Ontology is the word now used in place of metaphysics, on the grounds that it is less theological and supernatural. 109. If you’re walking along a badly-lit road at night you should wear conspicuous clothes. 110. Much speculate over the cause of the air crash was not based on a sufficient foundation of fact. 111. The police are verified the prisoner’s statement by questioning several witnesses.

112. The dying man designated his besty friend, and also his lawyer, to take care of his legal affairs. 113. After repeated experiments, the door confirmed that poor food arrested the natural growth of a child. 114. Commuters approach subway stations warily when they must travel at night in large cities. 115. I can recommend him for a position of responsibility, for I have found that he always does everything scrupulously. 116. With hard work and a bit of luck he quickly rose to affluence and established a computer empire all by himself.

117. She could find no plausible explanation for the disappearance of the documents; nor could she give any evidence for her

whereabouts at the time they were stolen.

118. The people throughout the world are willing to work towards, and fight for, if necessary, the elimination of the terrorism from

the world scene.

119. After a riot, drastic measures were taken to restore order in the city.

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120. The government is planning to transform large areas of marginal land into land suitable for crop growing.

121. He mistakenly thought he had a permanent claim on the Party simply because he had performed some useful services in the

past.

122. The military intervention by one country in the affairs of another should be strongly condemned and prohibited by

international law and legitimate forces.

123. Journeying through the world is a hazardous business and it is a mistake to look for too much security. 124. Graham realized, nearly two hundred years ago, that alcohol diminished physical and sexual performance. 125. For many years they had worked without stinting to the best of their ability and knowledge for their job.

126. The foregoing precedent need not prejudice our assessment of Frank’s prospects unduly as there are extenuating

circumstances in his case.

127. Owen returned to his native land and was soon in trouble with the magistrates of Edinburgh for giving a lecture deemed

improper for public discussions.

128. Teaching is regarded by some as an unrewarding profession financially.

129. Can we solve the border conflict between the two countries without resort to force? 130. Of course there is some truth in all this, but only up to a point.

131. Stamp duty on share transactions is prohibitively high for the newcomer with less than 500 to invest and exemption could be

made for sums under this.

132 Cold and exhaustion at length forced the Indians to make for the shore under cover of darkness, with the leaves of aquatic plants as the (camouflage) for their heads.

133 It might well be that the foundations of the new field would be laid , and never before had such tremendous innovations and plans for the future been(contemplated);

134 For a long time it was thought to be harmless substance but there’s recently been some proof (to the contrary) and you’re now warned off it.

135 The general grant takes account of the cost of local services and has been (substantially) increased each year since its introduction.

136 Fixed to such a stand, the drill can be brought to the job with great (pr5ecision), while pressure is increased easily by using the spring-loaded lever provided with the assembly.

137 (Prima facie) evidence is sometimes sufficient to establish a fact or to raise a presumption of the truth of a fact unless controverted.

138 On his return to the council meeting attired in the mayoral robes, and after taking the oath of office, the new Mayor thanked the council for the honor they had (accorded to) him.

139 However (impeccable) her own behavior, she should avoid living with, or near, people who clearly have less regard for convention.

140 After a few sleepless nights surfing on the cyber-net he became so (slack) that he kept making silly mistakes.

141 In a dignity (consonant ) with his rank he deports himself in public as if high rank automatically confers the right to be obeyed.

142 The increasing sale of luxury goods is a(n) (index) of the country’s prosperity.

143 Institutions like universities should (indoctrinate) young people with the morals and values generally accepted by the society. 144 The last of the old man’s (exiguous) savings was donated to the Hope Project used for the education of a parentless teenager. 145 Martin Luther King was a leader of the movement of civil rights and an advocator of nonviolence, for violence was (abhorrent) to his gentle nature and the cause he pursued all his life.

146 She is annoyed by the hypocritic of some government which claim to support equal rights but never give women important government post.

147 The members in favor of his suggestion signified their agreement by raising their hands. 148 I do not believe that I am a vindictive man, but when the immortal gods take a hand in the matter it is pardonable to observe the result with complacency.

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149 In the Western religious culture God is regarded as the primal force in the universe. 150 His paper is well written with coherent arguments and original viewpoints. 151 In the imperial system length is measured in inches, feet and yards, weight in ounces and pounds and volume in pints and gallons.

152 Social Darwinism was a perversion of Darwin’s evolutionary ideas which constituted the dominant intellectual paradigm of the time.

153 The social behavior of ants and bees is determined, by and larger, by instinct. 154 More care in the future will prevent recurence of such a mistake. But, Mr. Senater, this is not the point in question ! You’ve misunderstood me

155 West Lake boasts a fine landscape making the tourists reminiscent of the picture of a fairy tale. 156 The African boys have to go through the initiation ceremony before they are acknowledged as adults 157 There have been many modern movements within India to ease the hardships brought about by the caste system, especially as it affects those without any caste, the “untouchable”.

158 In these primitive tribes you will find that their religious are all tinged by superstition. 159 Prudence, justice, fortitude, temperance, faith, hope and charity are charity are considered to be cardinal virtues in ethics. 160 All the negotiators have expressed considerable ambivalence about the prospects for peace. 161 That village would hold mystic rites and ceremony each year to invoke the gods’ blessing for the coming year. 162 The revival of classical literature brought about the great change in the minds of the coming year. 163 I looked strange, not to say dangerous. Hatless, dew-soaked, smear with yellow mud, and holding, as if it were a baby or a bomb, a little tin pail of sand.

164 Same scientists hypothesized that there are intelligent beings on some celestial bodies. 165 The Civil Defense evacuate all the inhabitants from the area where the storm was predicted to visit. 166 The driver tried to avert the accident by bringing his car to a sudden stop, but because of brake failure he had to crash it up against a lamppost by the roadside.

167 Some imitations are so well-wrought that one will never distinguish them from the genuine ones. 168 I can’t dissociate the man from his political opinions---they’re one and the same thing. 169 The proposed environmental amendment has not been ratified by all fifty states. 170 Her style of dress accentuated her extreme slenderness and invited all attention at the party. 171 The disease which once claimed millions of lives in the world has now been eradicated. 172 Some young writers will deliberately travesty Whitman’s style of poetic creations to achieve certain effects, 173 The rivalry between the two construction companies was obvious, neither would give way to the other. 174 The police have been accused of having stereotype images of black people. 二、完形填空Close(A) (1)一单元

The humanities are not a mere device but a form of knowledge. They indicate the human achievement of the language, literature, history, philosophy, art and politices, etc. So the humanities are useful both in the cultural sense and in the academic one and are intimate and permanent. They exert great influence on our life and are indispensable to the development of the society. They give shape and color to the world. Without the humanities we would be astonished to find that the colorful world would turn into something bleak, dark, soundless, empty of any meaning beyond \\ except that of physical needs and mechanical products. The humanities are not interested in proofs or in statistics, in place of proof they give clarity, and in place of averages they give uniqueness.

However, the humanities have some limitations. On the surface, they appear more individual than social, more self-indulgent than unselfish. People have an unreasonable liking for simple satisfaction of their own choosing. Sometimes the humanities pander to such foolish requests, giving more temptations to our eye, ear and mind, even adding moral harm. But despite these limitations and some skepticism about them in the modern world, the humanities are not a Cinderella who can be neglected or disregarded. They are not a temporary or passing phenomenon. Instead, the humanities are ingrained in society. 5

They are poor in wealth but rich in intellectual capital. They are the treasure of human culture. They explore man’s spiritual world, study human nature, concern themselves with human interests and make our life colorful. They give us greater insight into man’s role in nature as well as the societies that he has created. The humanities, which can help us to understand and explain the reasons for our actions, are a form of knowledge that is acquired through the study of man’s spiritual creations. With this knowledge the individual can come into possession of his or her full powers. So they are an essential part of knowledge of any person who wants to come to terms with life. (2)三单元

Modern advertising is a form of magic, which creates a Promised Land. So, powerful is its magic power that people constantly get into the habit of living in that future environment which ads have promised. Advertising employs all the techniques of symbolist art, which may not find its place in the art gallery but works perfectly in the market place. Advertising, with its appeal to every heart, sets up national brands and totems for communal participation. The advertisements give a person the feeling of belonging and importance. It reinforces the notion that you feel better satisfied if you use well-known brands. Today advertising is a major industry absorbing most of the artistic talent of our world. The connection between artists and advertising is old and profitable. The artistic works are being used to promote the turn over of the industry .More intelligence goes into the design and layout of the ad. Elaborate consumer survey and psychological studies are conducted to establish the exact characteristics of the social groups whose money is to be magically extracted. It is true that advertisements cost a large amount of money, but they represent an investment of multimillion dollars, let alone the appetites they create and the impulses they stir in a vast reader mass, who are the potential investors to the production plants and national sales networks. This is why the design or the layout of the advertisements is geared to the reader mass. In a word, advertising represents the main channel of intellectual and artistic effort in the modern world. (3)四单元

What is jazz? Jazz is vigorous and exciting rhythm and it is one of the freest and most demonstrative forms of musical expression. The lifeblood of jazz is creativity. But how to maintain this freedom of expression in modern times is a problem which jazz confronts. It is, therefore, necessary to know where jazz originated from. The origins of jazz can be credited to the Negro slaves from the west coast of Africa. Viewed in historical perspective, its sounds and moods reflect the struggle and growth of a people. Abolition of slavery gave jazz the force that increased the rate of its development. For twenty years after Abolition, the Negro’s main source of musical expression was still his voice. Then it grew into the blues which were the foundation of jazz. The blues were a rich, social and personal musical language which expressed man’s natural thinking and emotions. After the Civil War, instead of using traditional methods to express himself, the Negro began to use the musical brass instruments to replace the vocal wailing of the blues. He blew the blues into his horn. At the beginning of the twentieth century, jazz spread quickly from New Orleans to the whole country and grew into manhood. Although jazz faced the problem of reduced audience during the Great Depression, its spirit was kept alive everywhere. In the forties jazz developed into modern jazz, which is different from classic jazz. Modern jazz features a style of

economy and simplicity, but it also emphasizes emotional qualities. Now jazz has virtually spread across the whole world, some people think it necessary to make jazz become a larger form of composition. However, jazz is substantially different from the composed music. It is primarily an aural music. Its creative nature is dependent upon the ear. Jazz, the symbol of freedom and creativity, cannot be truly written down. Jazz is a creative and spontaneous music for the people and by the people. (4)六单元

The scientific study of man can be traced back to ancient times, even beyond Aristotle and Hippocrates to indistinct

beginnings. Since Hippocrates, the medical sciences have kept the tradition that combines theory and practice. Hippocrates who taught medicine looked on the adaptation of the doctor to his work, accurate observation of things and the wise construction of a theory as the indispensable parts of effective work in any circumstances. He was opposed to the ancient, traditional myths and superstitions exist in the medical field of his day, and the pretentious systematization of knowledge that lacked solid, objective foundation. However, the social sciences today suffer from the same defects as those of the medical sciences to which Hippocrates was opposed, for social and political myths are everywhere current and the social sciences consist of elaborate speculation on an insufficient foundation of fact.

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There are two kinds of human behavior.: one is thinking, talking and writing about subjects which are clearly and logically

related to concrete observations and experiences; the other kind of behavior is completely the opposite of the former. The medical sciences mainly emphasize classificatory, descriptive and systematic knowledge. Their theories are the result of the combined efforts of a great number of investigators. In the natural sciences, testing of thought by observation and experiment is continuous. Thus, theories and generalizations of all kinds are constantly being corrected, modified and adapted to the salient and recurrent phenomena.

However, the systems in the social sciences are different. They lack in special methods and special skills. Neither theories nor descriptive systems develop by adaptation to the increasing knowledge and experience of the scientist, but are derived from the mind of one man. Theories are generally not held in common by all investigators. So disagreement and controversy exist in the social sciences. Thinking in the social sciences suffers chiefly from two defects: One is the fallacy of misplaced concreteness; the other, the intrusion of sentiments into the thinking. These defects make the theories of the social sciences hardly applicable to practice.

From the comparative study we can draw the conclusion that the medical sciences are successful in the scientific study of

man while the social sciences are not. (5)七单元

As the society becomes more and more affluent, there appears a shrinking of workweek. The average hours worked per week have declined drastically in the last century. This is because there is less urgency for the production of goods as the individuals are less urgently in need of income for their purchase of goods. They may choose to work fewer hours or to work less hard. On the other hand, the industry may recruit fewer workers releasing the old and young of the hard toils. With the rapid change in the labor force, there has emerged a New Class, for whom, work is an important source of satisfaction and is taken for granted that it will be enjoyable. The pay for the job is not the principal motivation but a prime index of prestige-the respect and esteem of others. The overwhelming qualification for a member of the New Class is education, an investment of money, time and energy. It is believed that education will enable them to gain an access to the hierarchical world .Education is ,thus, regarded as the central goal of the society ,But unlike the investment of material capital, the investment of education is less quantitatively measurable and tangible. The product can neither be seen nor valued. Nevertheless, people’s efforts to join the New Class are general and obvious, so the New Class is expanding rapidly. An interesting and rewarding occupation is the aspiration of the society as a whole. (6)十一单元

From thousands of year, particular colors have been used to signify certain qualities or conditions. They are often given spiritual or religious significance. Although the symbolic significance is universally recognized, the symbolism itself occasions some controversy. Do colors have the same meaning for all peoples in all periods of history? What identifies colors with their symbolic meaning? In what direction should this study be oriented? Psychoanalysts have to solve this problem by a theory of collective libido.

We must have realized that certain aspects of nature obviously tend to arouse in all human beings identical feelings which may produce the same kinds of symbolism. The various wavelengths of light have similar effects on all nervous systems. However, neither nature nor emotions can do more than suggest things to the mind, because they do not offer a basis for a coherent of symbols. When individual and group symbolism tally, it is not that psychological factors explain sociological features, but that, on the contrary, outward civilization imposes its standards and traditions on the individual. Colors as the expression of certain emotional reactions must therefore be separated from the problem of color as a symbol. The cultural symbolism of color must be considered independently of physiology or psychoanalysis, Every civilization has its own system of symbols. But the real question is whether or not the same system of symbols recurs in all civilizations. So far, it has been the practice to compare the use of same color in a number of entirely different countries or during periods of history as distant as possible from one another. To find the real meaning, one real meaning, one really needs to study color in every historical or cultural context and, above all, to consider all the uses made of color. Research on the symbolism of color is within the sphere of ethnography. Before using the comparative myths, proceeding from one cultural areas to the next, or follow the routes of the great protohistoric or historic invasion. By a comparative study, we shall see that colors have a given significance only within certain contexts.

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An interpretation of color system should be undertaken with reference to an interpretation of cultures, and it would then become obvious that certain patterns can be distinguished. The problem of symbolism is not only of theoretical interest, it also has practical implication. Feelings of human beings are generally believed to depend on the system of accepted symbols, and that symbols may influence feelings in certain ways. There is not only color symbolism; there is also color prejudice, which affected by the symbolism. It certainly cannot be said that color prejudice is based solely on such symbolism, but the latter definitely has an influence. To recognize the relativity of systems of symbols may therefore be an effective aid in eradicating race prejudices and removing ethnic stereotypes. 三、翻译Translation (1)一单元

科学是一门知识,是解决工业、农业、战争和医疗方面技术问题的非常有用的工具。要了解科学在解决个人和国家面临的物质和精神方面可以达到什么广度和深度,就必须了解科学的真正含义是什么。

科学一词来自拉丁语Scire,它的意思是“知道”。所以,从广义上讲,科学不过是指我们所知道的事情,是人类知识的总和。但是,把科学定义为人类的全部知识是不切实际的,因为很明显,有各种不同门类的知识。这些知识根据其获得的方法以及它所适合的经验范围而有所不同。我们要了解的艺术、文学、法律、宗教和专门技术知识等都不同程度的分属于各种独立的知识财富,与我们通常所说的科学没有什么联系。

科学也称为自然科学,以区别于其他知识门类。科学和自然界有关,也就是说和自然界中一切存在的事物和发生的现象的特点和过程有关。科学包括整个自然界,它精辟的阐述了人类关于各种自然现象是如何彼此联系并如何构成我们所说的宇宙的种种概念。

科学有许多特性,要了解科学是什么,就得仔细的考察一下这些性能和特点。有一些作者断言说科学实际上只是一种方法――科学的方法。这样的定义是过于简单化了。但是科学方法在决定科学知识的性质方面肯定起着重要的作用。

Science is a kind of knowledge which is a very useful tool in solving the technical problems of industry, agriculture, warfare and medicine. To understand the width and depth to which science can be applied to the material and spiritual problems that confront individuals and nations requires and understanding of what science really is.

The word science comes to us from a latin word, scire, which means “to know”. Then, in a broad sense, science is simply what we know; the total of all human knowledge. But the definition of science as all human knowledge would not be a workable one, for it is obvious that there are different types of knowledge. The kinds differ according to how the knowledge was obtained, and also according to what frame of experience it fits. What we know of the arts, literature, law, religion, and technical know how, are more or less separate funds of information. They have little to do with what we commonly call science.

Science is also called natural science to distinguish it form other branches of learning. Science is concerned with nature, that is, with knowledge of the characteristics and operations of any all natural things and happenings. Science embraces all of nature, and espresses our best ineas of how natural phenomena are related to each other and are to be formed into what is called the universe.

Science has many characteristics, and to understand what science is requires a detailed examination of these properties and peculiarities. A number of writers have asserted that science is really only a method – the scientific method. Such a definition is an over simplification, but it is certain that the scientific method plays an important role in determining the nature of scientific knowledge. (2)三单元

许多人声称自己从来不看广告,但此类说法让人难以置信。在当今世界里,不看广告几乎做不到的。想想看,广

告给我们带来多少乐趣!想象一下,假如汽车站或是火车站里没有广告会是怎样一种情形?等车时无奈地盯着空白的墙面能让你感到快乐么?一条明快的、妙语连珠的广告会使单调的墙壁和报纸发生什么样的变化?我们也不能忘记,广告对我们的腰包也有积极的贡献。报社、广播和电视台如果没有广告收入怎能生存?事实上,我们花这么少的钱就能看报纸,或是欣赏五花八门的广播和电视节目,完全是因为广告商出资的缘故。设想一下,如果全部费用由读者承担,那报纸该卖是卖价?还有一样我们不能忘记,那就是几乎一切都可以通过这些栏目完成,如:找工作、买房卖房、告知出生、结婚、逝世等,这是广告中的广告。

Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim is hardly believable. It is almost impossible not to read advertisements these days. Just think what fun they often provide! Image what a bus and railway station would be like without

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advertisements? Would you enjoy gazing help lessly at a blank wall while waiting for a bus or train? Would you like to read a daily paper closely-printed with columns of news? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or newspaper. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, radio or television stations could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper or can enjoy so many programs on air is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! Another thing we mustn’t forget is the “small ads” which are in virtually every newspaper what a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about everything can be accomplished through these columns, for instance; you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death. It’s the advertisement among the advertisements. (3)四单元

对一般经常去听音乐会的人来说,在伟大的音乐家中还很少有像柴可夫斯基(Tschaikovsky)这样如此让人着迷。

几乎在所有的乐曲形式中都能找到他的深受人们欢迎的作品。这也确是理所当然的事。柴可夫斯基的音乐洋溢着温暖人心的博爱和激动的戏剧效果。人们很容易领会他的主题和情绪。那种个人特有的,亲切的曲调强烈地表现在音乐中,使我们很自然地分享到柴可夫斯基的欢乐与悲伤,例如,在听他的《悲呛交响曲》(Pathetic Symphony)和《胡桃夹子组曲》(Nutcracker Ballet Suite)时就是这种情况。他的音乐好像是把我们当作他的知心人,向我们展示他内心的秘密。虽然柴可夫斯基情绪变化的范围很大――从变化莫测的轻松愉快的幻想到疾风暴雨似的痛苦呐喊――但是正如在生活中一样,在音乐中他也基本上是一个忧郁的人。也许正是他的音乐在传达极强烈的感情和痛苦时的那种真诚,使千百万人为他的交响乐和协奏曲所吸引。一种坦率的真诚和温暖人心的感情从他的音乐中奔涌出来。他那最动人的旋律环绕在人们的心头,使人们久久不能忘怀。只要在真诚的艺术形式中所表现的真诚感情能够打动人心,柴可夫斯基的音乐就将继续在音乐厅和歌剧院中占据很高的位置。

在那些为人们所喜爱而反复轮演的各种音乐形式的乐曲中,只有贝多芬(Beethoven)和莫扎特(Mozart)才能在数

量上与柴可夫斯基相匹敌。柴可夫斯基的小提琴协奏曲(violin concerto)和贝多芬的小提琴协奏曲同样是人们要求演奏的曲目。《悲呛交响曲》是保留曲目中持久不衰的受到人们喜爱的三四部作品之一。柴可夫斯基的《胡桃夹子组曲》也许是这一类乐曲中最受人们欢迎的一部了。

For great names in music spell as much magic to the average concert-goer as that of Tschaikovsky. In almost every musical

form will be found a work of his ranking high in popularity. And quite deservedly so, Tschaikovsky’s music is filled with a warm humanity and stirring drama. The themes and feelings are easy to grasp. The personal intimate note is so strong in this music that we find it natural, while listening to the Pathetic Symphony or the Nutcracker Ballet Suite, for example, to share Tschaikovsky’s joys and sorrows, this music seems to take us into his confidence and show us the secret places of his heart. Although Tschaikovsky’s range of moods is wide-from the whimsical play of light fantasy to stormy outcries of anguish-essentially he was a melancholy man, in his music as in his life. Perhaps it is the genuineness of his music in conveying strong emotions and suffering that has drawn millions to his symhonies and concerts. A frank sincerity and warmheartedness flow from his music. The best of his melodies linger hauntingly in the mind and heart. As long as sincere feeling expressed in sincere artistic form can move the hearts of men. Tschaikovsky’s music will continue to hold a high place in the concert hall and opera house.

Only Beethoven and Mozart can rival Tschaikovsky in the number of compositions in various musical forms that stands out as repertory favorites. Tschaikovsky’s violin concerto is as much a “request” item as Beethoven’s. The Pathetic Symphony ranks with the three or four enduring favorites of repertory. Tschaikovsky’s Nutcracker Ballet is probably the most popular suite of its kind in music. (4)六单元

强调“实用性”是以社会科学从属于自然科学为其特征的。历史不是被看作传给新一代的必不可少的经验,而是带有霉味的抽象概念。艺术被视为某种需要放纵或赞助的东西,在讲究实际的现实中没有它的位置。政治学被更多地看成是为有志从政者开的一种专门科学,而不是为公民提供的一个机会,使他们与支配人类社会的各种统治制度逐渐建立起一种通达的关系。最后,分配给文学和哲学的是一种与“真正的”教育不相关的智力装饰品的角色。

对任何一个受过专业或职业教育的人来说,没有什么比有能力处理抽象或复杂的事物,能够自在地感知思想或语言上的微妙之处,能够合乎逻辑地思考问题等更为重要。只懂疾病的医生与既懂人的心理又懂病理机体的医生相比显然处于劣势。对从事技术的人来说,善于他人合作可以说与善于设计运动机件同等重要。

社会科学决不可被放弃,除非人类的过去从不存在或者没有任何值得我们今天借鉴的东西;除非思维过程与目的的

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实现毫无关系;除非创造力为人的智力所不及,且与人生的乐趣风马牛不相及;除非人际关系是生活中无法预测的一个方面;除非人们从来不必与恐惧和痛苦抗争,或者说除非人们从来不必预料因果关系;除非心灵与自然界的奥秘都已全部探索清楚。

Emphasis on “practicalities” is being characterized by the subordination of the social to the natural sciences .History is seem not as essential experience to be transmitted to new generations, but as abstractions that carry stale odors. Art is regarded as something that calls for indulgence or patronage and that has no place among the practical realities. Political science is viewed more as a specialized subject for people who want to go into politics than as an opportunity for citizens to develop a knowledgeable relationship with the systems by which human societies are governed. Finally, literature and philosophy are assigned the role of intellectual adornments that have nothing to do with “genuine” education.

Nothing is more valuable for anyone who has had a professional or vocational education than to be able to deal with abstractions or complexities, or to feel comfortable with subtleties of thought or language, or to think logically, The doctor who knows only disease is at a disadvantage compared with the doctor who knows at least as much about people as he does about pathological organisms. For the technologist, the engineering of operation can be just as important as the engineering of moving parts.

The social sciences would be expendable only if the human past never existed or had nothing to tell us about the present; if thought processes were irrelevant to the achievement of purpose; if thought processes were irrelevant to the achievement of purpose; if creativity was beyond the human mind and had nothing to do with the joy of living; if human relationships were random aspects of life; if human beings never had to cope with panic or pain. or if they never had to anticipate the connection between cause and effect; if all the mysteries of mind and nature were fully probed history is seen not as the essential experience to be transmitted to new generation, but as abstraction carry stale odors .Art is regard as something that calls for indulgence or purtronage, and it has no place among the practical realities. (something that has no place among the practical realities) (5)七单元

我们生活在一个物质社会里,从小就受到“物欲”的熏陶,我们的财产----“我的”和“你的”----- 从小就清清楚楚地标明了。但我们长大到能维持生计时,我们一点也不惊讶地发现成功是用你能赚多少钱来衡量的。然而,不只是在富裕的社会里人们才沉迷于赚钱,消费品在哪里都是人们所向往的,所以现代企业主动出击不断开辟新市场。

以前工业产品做得坚固耐用的日子已经一去不复返了。工业化的车轮滚滚向前,内在的淘汰提供了一个办法:制造产品的目的就是为了要抛弃它,人们刚刚买到今年的新款式就开始考虑怎么把它换掉。

这种实利主义的观念严重的影响教育。现在,越来越少的年轻人仅仅为了获取知识而学习,每一门功课都要有一定的向导,比如通往更高的薪金。对高科技人员的需求远远大于供给,各大公司相互竞争,在学生毕业之前就将他们征募,并且提供诱人的薪金及额外津贴。如此的招募策略导致“人才外流”,及高科技人才为出价高的人提供服务的现象。有钱的国家夺去了他们的穷邻居最能干的公民。在财富之神备受崇拜之时,富人越富;穷人越穷。

We live in a materialistic society and are nurtured from our earliest years to be acquisitive. Our possessions --- “our” and “yours” --- are clearly labeled from early childhood. When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does mot surprise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money you earn. However, it is not only in affluent societies that people are obsessed with the idea of making more money. Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets.

Gone are the days when industrial goods were made to last forever. The wheels of the industry must be kept turning. Built --- in obsolescence provides the means: goods are made to be discarded. You no sooner acquire this year’s model than are thinking about its replacement.

This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education. Fever and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake. Every course of studies must lead somewhere, for example, to a bigger wage packet, the demand for high- tech personnel far exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. Tempting salaries and “fringe benefits” are offered to them. Recruiting tactics of this kind have led to the highest bidder. The wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens. While mammon is worshipped as never before, the rich get richer and the poor gets poorer. (6)十一单元

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我们都把颜色和感情及态度联系在一起。在政治领域,暗蓝色常表示“传统”而蓝色也能表示背伤。白色常和纯洁联系在一起。当然在中国,白色则是葬礼服装的颜色,红色则表示婚庆的喜悦;而在西欧,白色是婚庆服装的颜色,黑色则是葬礼服装的颜色。广告商知道选择颜色的重要性,他们往往根据人们对颜色的不同反应来选择其颜色。肥皂粉用白色和浅蓝色包装(纯洁如冰)。谷物常用棕色包装(麦田的颜色)。但化妆品从不用棕色罐装。

这些想法从哪里的来呢?日内瓦大学的Max Lusche教授认为人类之初受制于两种不以我们意志为转移的力量;黑夜与白天。黑夜产生消极状态,新陈代谢总体减缓;白昼产生了行动的可能性,代谢率提高,给我们提供了体力和主动性。因此,暗色是一种安静和消极的颜色,鲜黄色是希望和行动的颜色。在史前人类活动中,一般采取其中之一。或者是我们狩猎和攻击;或者是我们被追逐而自卫。红色普遍被认为具有攻击性,而作为映衬的绿色被认为是自我保护。

We all associate colors with feeling and attitudes. In politics dark blue often means “tradition” and real means “social change”. But blue can also mean sadness, and white is often for purity, although in china white is worn for funerals, and red is used to express that joy of a wedding. In Western Europe white is worn at weddings and blank for funerals. Advertisers are aware of the important of selecting colors according to the way people react to them. Soap powders come in white and light blue packets (clean and cold, like ice); cereals often come in brown packets (like wheat fields), but cosmetics never come in brown jars.

Where do these ideas come from? Max Lusche from the University of Geneva believes that in the beginning life was dictated by two factors beyond our control: night and day. Night brought passiving, and a general slowing down of metabolism; day brought with it the possibility of action, and increase in the metabolize rate, thus providing us with energy and initiative. Dark blue, therefore, is the color of quiet and passivity bright yellow the color of hope and activity. In prehistoric times, activity as a rule took one of two forms: ether we were hunting and attacking, or we were being hunted and defending ourselves against attack. Attack is universally represented by the color red; self-preservation by its complement green.

以下是部分单词句子翻译,仅供参考: 第一单元单词:

1. They decided to perpetuate the memory of their leader by erecting a statue. 他们决定保留他们的领导正在建一座雕像。

2. After young people step into the society,they will be beset with various temptations. 在年轻人踏入社会,他们将被重重temptations。

3. The gypsy girl swayed her hips in a sensuous way as she danced. 吉普赛姑娘摆动着臀部。感性她跳舞。

4. The protestant uttered a few commonplaces about peace and democracy. 新教说了几句关于和平与民主的话。

5 .The elephant’s trunk is a unique form of appendage . 大象的鼻子是一种独特的附肢。

6 .By making a remark about the weather unobtrusively,she kept the conversation going. 通过一句关于天气的方法,她继续谈话 7. His Hamlet was a(an) revelation to the critics. 他哈姆雷特是(一个)启示录的评论。

8. When little Tommy could not get his way, his behavior became perverse and contrary. 当小汤米不能得到他,他的行为变得反常的,相反的

9. Someone must have rummaged about among my papers,for my drawer is in a mess. 必须有人翻遍了我的文件,我的抽屉一团糟

10. When choosing a job,don’t be swayed just by promises of high earnings.

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选择工作时,不要仅仅被高薪的许诺所左右

11. You have to see these changes in context they're part of a larger plan. 你有看到这些变化方面他们是一个更大的计划

12. She strongly denounced the government’s hypocrisy in dealing with the Israeli一Palestineissue. 她强烈谴责政府的虚伪应付以色列一palestineissue

13. He hopes to gain her favor by pandering to her desire for continuous praise. 他希望获得她的青睐,迎合她的欲望不断赞美

14. The rain sent all the farmers who were working in the fields scurrying for shelter. 雨把所有的农民都工作在fietds急忙找地方躲避

15. The police questioned the veracity of the suspect’s statement. 警察盘问嫌疑人的陈述的真实性

16. Each morning the priest spent an hour in quiet contemplation . 每天早晨神父静静地沉思了一个小时

17. If one aids and abets a criminal,he is also considered culpable 如果有人教唆犯罪,他也认为是有罪的。.

18. To put it bluntly, this article is too verbose,we must edit it. 坦率地说,这篇文章太冗长,我们必须编辑。

19. Even though the evidence is overwhelming, if one juror is still skeptical, the case must be retried. 即使证据是压倒性的,如果一个陪审员是怀疑的,无论如何也要beretried

20.Although we are in different parties,his ideas on pollitics are exactly in line with mine. 虽然我们在不同的人,他的思想对pollitics与我的完全一致 21.The report made out its case for increased spending on education. 报告了其对增加教育开支

22.Celebrated the world over for his writing,he still refused to put in the foreground . 世界各地庆祝他的写作,他仍然拒绝放在前台。

23. Producers of pornographic material often claim that they are catering to a psychological need. 生产色情材料常常宣称他们是满足人们一种心理上的需要

24. By dint of sheer toughness and real courage,the expeditioners lived through the jungle difficulties and dangers. 完全凭借韧性和勇气,考察队员经历过困难和危险的丛林

25. “Could I impose on you for a little help With this fetter? I don’t quite know the best way to phrase it without causing offense.\" 你能帮我一点帮助这束缚?我不太知道最好的方式,它没有造成进攻

26. Racial discrimination and injustice are ubiquitous and deeply ingrained in this country. 种族歧视和不公正是无处不在,深深扎根于这个国家

27. Compared with modern satellite dishes,ordinary TV aerials look positively antiquated. 与现代的卫星天线,普通电视天线肯定显得陈旧

28. Common sense and creativity are some of the intangibles we’re looking for in an employee. 常识和创造力的一些无形的我们对员工的期望。

29. His parents had settled in the crowded ghettoes of the big city,surrounded by desperate poverty and anarchic violence.

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他的父母已定居在大城市拥挤的贫民区,包围了绝望的贫穷和无政府主义的暴力。

30. The Prime Minister had an in-depth exchange of views and reached broad agreement with his European counterparts on questions of protecting environment for human survival and combating international crimes.

首相在一深入交换意见并达成广泛的协议与欧洲星光学对应体的初步的问题上,保护人类生存环境,打击国际犯罪

第三单元单词

1. Graduates who intend to get on in the state system ,in their own interests ,to conform to the rules and take the additional one-year course that is provided for them.

毕业生谁想要获得在国家体制,在他们自己的利益,遵守规则和采取额外一年的课程是为他们提供。

2. Do you think that Joy will get the award for this year's best fashion designer? She is hard- working and able, but no genius. 你认为快乐会是今年的最佳时装设计师?她努力工作和能力,但不是天才。 3.The new fashion soon lost its appeal,awaiting the next cycle. 新时尚不久就失去了吸引力,等待下一个周期。

4. Her pulse started throbbing when she saw there were books scattered over the carpet and a bowl of roses was overturned. 她的脉搏开始跳动时,她看到有书散落在地毯和一碗玫瑰花被推翻。

5. It was a large house containing a spacious sitting-room, four separate bedrooms and a communal kitchen. 这是一个大房子的宽敞的客厅,四间卧室和一个厨房。

6. The big Yorkshire combine, John Smith's Tadcaster brewery, was reported to merge with Warwick and Richardson,the brewers of Newark,Notts.

约克郡的大联合,约翰•塔德卡斯特啤酒,报告合并与沃里克和理查德森,酿酒的纽瓦克,诺茨。

7. The increasing tempo of the new economic world could no longer afford to dispense with mechanics, hydrostatics,optics,navigation,etc.

增加的速度的新经济世界再也不能免除流体静力学,力学,光学,导航,等。 8. This is an ambitious scheme to raise such a big sum of money in such a short time. 这是一个雄心勃勃的计划,提出这样一大笔钱在如此短的时间。 9. His reluctance to admit the failure outrage public opinion. 他不愿承认失败,愤怒的公众舆论。

10. In some ways it will be a testing occasion for him,although some think his position unassail-able simply because there is no one else in sight to supplant him.

在某些方面,这将是一次测试他,虽然有些人认为他的地位不容置疑的仅仅是因为没有人取代了他在眼前。

11. Rome was not built in a day: strongholds of tradition reinforced by stubborn religious conviction, often biased and prejudiced,could not be broken down in a moment.

罗马不是一天建成的:传统的据点,增强顽固的宗教信念,常常是有偏见的和有偏见的,不能被打破,在一个时刻。 12. All the publicity stunts in an advertising campaign were contrived to promote the sales of the products. 所有的宣传噱头广告活动中被人为促进产品的销售。

13. When truth is mingled with falsehood, truth is no longer taken as truth. 当真理与谎言,真理不再是作为真理。。

14. Equally important have been the Hobhouse journals, a vast mass of material partly in the

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British Museum, partly in the

possession of the Hobhouse family in Somerset.

同样重要的是霍布豪斯期刊,广大群众的物质部分的大英博物馆,部分所拥有的家庭在萨默塞特霍布豪斯。 15. Well prepared and confident,Tim appeared unabashed by all the media attention. 充分的准备和信心,提姆似乎满不在乎的所有媒体的关注。 16. The impact of computer has been likened to that of the printing press. 影响计算机已被比喻为是印刷媒体。

17. The 16th century decorative style is grotesque in that parts of human, animal, and plant forms are distorted and mixed. 第十六世纪的装饰风格怪诞,部分人类,动物,植物形态扭曲和混合。 18. He was reputed to be the real writer of the two epic poems. 他被誉为真正的作家的史诗。

19. The tyrannical ruling and heavy taxation nourished strong resentment from the oppressed. 专制统治和沉重的税务滋养从被压迫的强烈不满。

20.During the presidential election campaign,strategies and oratory are both crucial for public debates. 在竞选总统期间,战略和演讲都是至关重要的公开辩论。

21. The spreading scandalous rumors severely undermined his reputation as a fierce warrior and trustful leader. 传播丑闻的谣言,严重损害了他的声誉作为一个凶猛的战士和信任的领导者。 22. Mrs. Robin was driven almost insane by the inconsolable death. 知更鸟太太被几乎疯狂的伤心死。

23. The ancient epic written by the anonymous writer glorified the hero's deeds in battle. 古代史诗写的匿名作者歌颂战斗英雄业绩。

24. She seemed to be obsessed with irrational fear that someone was plotting to murder her. 她似乎是痴迷的非理性的恐惧,有人密谋谋杀她。

25. A profound frightful stillness spread over the city .suddenly weird shrieks were heard in the darkness 一种深刻的可怕的寂静传遍全城。突然离奇的尖叫声在夜色 第七单元单词

1. With hard work and a bit of luck he quickly rose to affluence and established a computer empire all by himself. 努力工作和一点运气,他很快就富了起来,成立了一个电脑帝国全部由自己。

2. She could find no plausible explanation for the disappearance of the documents; nor could she give any evidence for her whereabouts at the time they were stolen.

她找不到合理的解释失踪的文件:她也不能提供任何证据,她的下落时他们被偷了

3. The people throughout the world are willing to work towards,and fight for,if necessary,the elimination of the terrorism from the world scene.

世界各地的人们都愿意努力,争取,如果有必要,消除恐怖主义的世界风景 4. After a riot drastic measures were taken to restore order in the city. 暴动之后采取强烈措施恢复秩序的城市。

5. The government is planning to transform large areas marginal land into land suit-able for crop growing. 政府计划将大片土地边际土地适于作物生长。

6. He mistakenly thought he had a permanent claim on the Party simply because he had performed some useful services in the past. 14

他误以为他有一个永久性的要求党只是因为他做了一些有用的服务在过去。

7. The military intervention by one country in the affairs of another should be strongly condemned and prohibited by international law and legitimate forces.

一个国家的军事干预的事务,另一个应该受到强烈谴责和禁止的国际法律和合法的力量。 8. Journeying through the world is a hazardous business and it is a mistake to look for too much security. 走遍世界是一个危险的业务,这是一个错误的期待太多的安全。

9. Graham realized, nearly two hundred yearn ago, that alcohol diminished physical and sexual performance. 实现,近二百年前,酒精减少身体和性表现。

10. For many years they had worked without stint to the best of their ability and knowledge for their job. 多年来他们一直毫不吝惜的最好的自己的能力和知识的工作.

11 .The foregoing precedent need not prejudices our assessment of Frank's prospects unduly as there are extenuating circumstances in his case.

上述的先例,不需要我们评估偏见法兰克的前景过分作为情有可原他的情况。

12. Owen returned to his native land and way soon in trouble with the magistrates of Edinburgh for giving a lecture deemed improper for public discussion.

欧文回到他的故乡和方法很快在麻烦与官爱丁堡演讲视为不当的公众讨论。 13. Teaching is regarded by some as an unrewarding profession financially. 教学被一些人看作是一个吃力不讨好的信奉经济

14. Cam we solve the border conflict between the two countries without resort to force. 我们可以解决两国之间的边境冲突不诉诸武力。

15. Of course there is some truth in all this,but only up to a point. 当然有些道理,但只有到了一点.

16. Stamp duty on share transactions is prohibitively high for the newcomer with less than 500 to invest and exemption could be made for sums under this.

股票交易印花税是过高的新人不少于500的投资和豁免可以作出归纳在这。

17. Cold and exhaustion at length forced the Indians to make for the shore under cover of darkness, with the heaves of aquatic pants as the camouflage for their heads. 寒冷和疲倦的长度迫使印度使海岸黑暗的掩护下,有凸起水裤为掩护他们的头。

18. It might weld tremendous be that the foundations of the new field would future been laid,and never before had such tremendous innovations and plans for the future been contemplated. 它可以焊接的巨大,基础的新领域的未来奠定了基础,而且从来没有过如此巨大的创新和计划的进一步考虑

19. For a long time it was thought to be a harmless substance but there’s recently been some proof to the contrary and you’re now warned off it.

很长一段时间被认为是无害的物质,但最近一些相反的证据,你现在警告了。

20. The general grant takes account of the cost of local services and has been substantially increased each year since its introduction.

一般给予考虑成本的本地服务已大大增加,每年推出以来。

21.Fixed to such a stand, the drill can be brought to the job with great precision,while pressure is increased easily by using the

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spring-loaded lever provided with the assembly.

固定一站,钻可以带来的好的工作表面,而压力增加,容易使用的弹簧加载杠杆一设有装配。

22. Prima facie evidence is sometimes sufficient to establish a fact or to raise a presumption of the truth of a fact unless controverted.

精密有时证据足以建立一个事实或提出一个假设的真理的一个事实除非争议。

23.On his return to the council meeting attired in the mayoral robes,and after taking the oath of office,the new Mavor thanked the council for the honor they had accorded to him. 他一回到安理会会议的市长穿著长袍,并宣誓就职后,新的-摩瓦-感谢安理会对他们给予他荣誉。

24. However impeccable her own behavior,she should avoid living with,or near,people who clearly have less regard for convention.

不过她自己的行为,她应该避免生活,或附近的人,显然不太方面的公约。

25. After a few sleepless nights surfing on the cyber一net he became so slack that he kept making silky mistake. 几个不眠之夜冲浪的网络一网后,他变得很懒散,他不断柔滑的错误。

26. In a dignity consonant with his rank he deports himself in pubic as if high rank automatically confers the right to be obeyed。 在尊严符合他的排名他驱逐自己在公众如果高等级自动赋予的权利须服从 27. The increasing sale of luxury goods is a(n) index of the country’s prosperity. 奢侈商品销售量日增是该国(略)指数的繁荣。

28. Institutions like universities should indoctrinate young people with the morals and values generally accepted by the society. 机构如大学应该教导青年人的道德和价值观社会的普遍认同。

29. The last of the old man’s exiguous savings was donated to the Hope Project used for the education of a parentless teenager。 最后老人的微薄积蓄捐献给希望工程用于教育的一个无父无母的少年。

30. Martin Luther King was a leader of the movement of civil rights and an advocator of non-violence,for violence was abhorrent to his gentle nature and the cause he pursued ail his life.

路德金领导的民权运动,提倡非暴力,暴力是对他的性情温和,因为他追求的所有他的生命。

第十一单元单词

1. She is annoyed by the hypocrisy of some governments which claim to support equal rights but never give women important government posts.

她讨厌一些虚伪的政府声称支持平等的权利,但从来没有让妇女在政府中担任要职。 2. The members in favor of his suggestion signified their agreement by raising their hands. 赞成他的建议的成员举手表示同意。

3. I do not believe that I am a vindictive man, but when the immortal gods take a hand in the matter it is pardonable to observe the result with complacency.

我不认为我是一个爱报复的人,但是当不朽的众神插手此事是情有可原的观察结果与自满。 4. In the Western religious culture God is regarded as the primal force in the universe. 在西方宗教文化神被认为是最原始的力量在宇宙。

5. His paper is well written with coherent arguments and original viewpoints. 他的文章写得好,相干的论点和观点。

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6. In the imperial system length is measured in inches, feet and yards, weight in ounces and pounds and volume in pints and gallons. 在英制长度测量英寸,英尺和码,体重盎司,磅和量品脱和加仑。

7. Social Darwinism was a perversion of Darwin's evolutionary ideas which constituted the dominant intellectual paradigm of the time.

社会达尔文主义的歪曲了达尔文的进化思想构成的主导范式的时间。 8. The social behavior of ants and bees is determined, by and large, by instinct. 社会行为的蚂蚁和蜜蜂是确定的,通过与大型,本能

9. More care in the future will prevent recurrence of such a mistake. 更多的照顾,在未来将防止再次发生这样的错误。

10. But, Mr. Senator, this is not the point in question ! You've misunderstood me. 但是,参议员先生,这是没有问题的观点!你误会我了

11. West Lake boasts a fine landscape making the tourists reminiscent of the picture of a fairy tale. 西湖拥有良好景观使游客联想的图片的一个童话。

12. The African boys have to go through the initiation ceremony before they are acknowledged as adults. 非洲男孩不得不通过启动仪式之前,他们为应答边作为成年人。

13. There have been many modem movements within India to ease the hardships brought about by the caste system, especially as it affects those without any

caste, the \"untouchable\".

许多现代运动在印度缓解困难带来的种姓制度,特别是因为它影响那些没有任何种姓,“贱民”。 14. In these primitive tribes you will find that their religions are all tinged by superstition. 在这些原始部落,你会发现他们的宗教都是迷信的色彩。

15. Prudence, justice, fortitude, temperance, faith, hope and charity are considered to be cardinal virtues in ethics. 谨慎,正义,刚毅,节制,信仰,希望,慈善机构被认为是基本美德伦理学。

16. All the negotiators have expressed considerable ambivalence about the prospects for peace. 所有的谈判表示对和平前景相当矛盾的心理。

17. That village would hold mystic rites and ceremony each year to invoke the gods' blessing for the coming year. 该村将举行神秘的仪式和典礼每年祈求神祝福来年。

18. The revival of classical literature brought about the great change in the minds of the populace in the 16th century in Europe. 复兴古典文学带来了巨大的变化在人的头脑中的民众在第十六世纪在欧洲。

19. I looked strange, not to say dangerous. Hatless, dew-soaked, smeared with yellow mud, and holding as if it were a baby or a bomb a little tin pail of sand.

我看着奇怪,不是说危险。戴帽子,dew-soaked,涂上黄泥,持当孩子或炸弹的小锡桶沙子。 20. Some scientists hypothesized that there are intelligent beings on some celestial 一些科学家推测有智能生命的一些天体。

21. The Civil Defense evacuated all the inhabitants from the area where the storm was predicted to visit. 民防都从小区居民那里的风暴预计参观。

22. The driver tried to avert the accident by bringing his car to a sudden stop but because of brake failure he had to crash it up against a lamppost by the roadside.

司机设法避免事故使他的车突然停下来,因为刹车失灵他撞坏了它反对灯柱在路边。

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bodies.

23. Some imitations are so well-wrought that one will never distinguish them from the genuine ones. 些仿制品是如此的锻造一个不会区分真正的。

24. I can't dissociate the man from his political opinions - they're one and the same thing. 我不能分开的男子从他的政治观点-它们是同一件事。 25. The proposed environmental amendment has not been ratified 拟议的环境修正案没有被批准所有五十个州。

26. Her style of dress accentuated her extreme slenderness and invited all attention at the party. 她的服装加重她极端细长,邀请所有的晚会。

27. The disease which once claimed millions of lives in the world has now been eradicated 本病曾夺去数百万人的生命在世界现在已经绝迹

28. Some young writers will deliberately travesty Whitman's style of poetic creations to achieve certain effects. 一些年轻的作家会刻意模仿怀特曼的风格的诗歌创作中取得了一定的效果。

29. The rivalry between the two construction companies was obvious, neither would give way to the other. 两个建筑公司之间的竞争是明显的,也不给对方让路。

30. The police have been accused of having stereotyped images of black people. 警方被指责黑人有成见。

by all fifty states.

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