The Mutianyu Great Wall, located in the Huairou District of Beijing, wasbuilt by Zhu Yuanzhang, the grand commander of the Huairou, on the site of thethe Great Wall in the 1368. It is the essence of the Ming Dynasty's the GreatWall. It is 73 kilometers away from the urban area of Beijing, with a totallength of 5400 meters. It is the longest Great Wall in China. It is also one ofthe 16 famous scenic spots in Beijing and a national AAAAA tourist area. In thescenic area, there are many mountains with a vegetation coverage rate of morethan 90%. Most of them are built on the steep cliffs outside the scenic area.This section of the great wall connects Gubeikou in the East and Juyongguan inthe West. Since ancient times, it has been a military stronghold to defend thecapital. There are many famous landscapes, such as zhengguantai, dajiaolou,yingfeidaoyang and so on. The wall of the Great Wall remains intact, whichbetter reflects the ancient charm of the Great Wall. In the scenic spot, thereare domestic first-class cable cars, Chinese dream stone city, shibide slide andother projects, forming an organic combination of Great Wall culture, stoneculture and sports fitness and entertainment. Former British Prime MinisterMajor, former US President Clinton and many other foreign leaders have visitedthe great wall of Mutianyu.
Mutianyu Great Wall tourist area is surrounded by mountains with beautifulscenery. In spring, the flowers are blooming; in summer, the mountains are greenand the water is flowing; in autumn, the mountains are covered with red leavesand fruits; in winter, the mountains are covered with snow and snow, and thescenery of northern China is so beautiful that it enjoys the reputation of "theunique show of Mutianyu on the Great Wall" at home and abroad.
Mutianyu Great Wall has a long history and splendid culture. It has acertain popularity and influence in Beijing and even the whole country.Especially after the 20__ Olympic Games, the popularity and reputation in theworld has been effectively improved. It is precipitous and rugged, like a giantdragon flying. It was rated as one of the 16 scenic spots in Beijing in 1987,the top tourist spot in Beijing in 1992, 4A scenic spot in 20__ and 5A scenicspot in 20__.
Mutianyu used to be a small mountain village, located in beixinyingtownship (now Bohai town) of Huairou County, where the mountains are undulatingand the trees are luxuriant. The Great Wall winds from southeast to northwest onthe top of the mountains. Because the mountain is gentle and steep, withalternating curves and straight lines, it is very three-dimensional. Due to theimportant geographical location of Mutianyu, it is known as "Weiling Xiongguan".The Mutianyu pass was one of the important gates that supported the capital andimperial mausoleum in Ming Dynasty. There were many wars here. The great wall ofMutianyu is connected with Juyongguan in the West and Gubeikou in the East. Itis the eastern section of Huanghua Town, the north gate of the capital. It hasbeen known as the northern barrier of Gongwei capital and imperial mausoleumsince ancient times, and Mutianyu pass is one of the important gates supportingthe capital and imperial mausoleum in Ming Dynasty.
During the Northern Qi Dynasty (550-577 AD), the Great Wall was built inMutianyu. In the early Ming Dynasty, the great wall of Mutianyu was built by XuDa, a general under Zhu Yuanzhang (who was once named Zhongshan king, also knownas Zhongshan), on the site of the great wall of the Northern Qi Dynasty.(according to the records of Qian'an County in the 12th year of Tongzhi: "in theearly Ming Dynasty, Xu Zhongshan built a border wall, which reached Mutianyufrom the mountain customs in the West. It was more than 1700 Li, and the borderdefense was dense."
In 1404 ad (the second year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty), the "Mutianyu pass"was built. (see page 153 2466, Volume 153, frontier barrier, a study of the pastand the future).
In 1569 (the third year of Longqing), Qi Jiguang, a famous general ofemperor Mu Zong of the Ming Dynasty, specially appointed to fight againstJapanese invaders, led the army to renovate the two thousand li Great Wall,including the Mutianyu section. As of 20__, the Great Wall preserved in Mutianyuis one of the best preserved sites of the great wall of the Ming Dynasty.
Mutianyu Great Wall is mostly built on the steep side of the cliff. It isclose to the mountain to control the disaster. The wall is 78 meters high andthe top of the wall is 45 meters wide. The main building material is granite,which is majestic and solid. On both sides of the top of the wall are built lowwall crenels, which can resist the enemy on both sides. On the outside, thereare horse blocking pits, which make the defense function more perfect. On bothsides of the top of the wall are crenels about 5 feet long, more than 1 footthick and more than 2 feet high. Both sides of the door are raised along theridge and turn over with the mountain. The crenels in these areas are notrectangular, but serrated. The shooting hole is built below the crenel. It isnot a round hole, but a square hole with an arc at the top.
There is also a fort in the dangerous place. There is also a "Branch City"on the Great Wall. The so-called "Zhicheng" refers to the construction of asection of the Great Wall with high ridges and ridges on the inside and outsideof the Great Wall. The length of the section varies from several meters to tensof meters, and there are enemy towers built here. The local people call it "DaoBa Lou". In the Ming Dynasty, when the Mutianyu Great Wall was rebuilt, crenelswere added on both sides of the top of the wall, and at the same time, rollingwood stone and Thunder Stone holes were set up to attack and defend. Theconstruction of "Dao Ba Lou" can control the commanding height and reduce thethreat to the main city. Starting from the left side of zhengguantai, the greatwall of Mutianyu turns over with the mountains and runs to the distance.
The Great Wall stretches straight from the mountainside to the top of themountain. After setting up an enemy tower on the top of the mountain, itsuddenly descends, turns down to the mountainside, and suddenly rises againuntil it reaches an altitude of more than 940 meters. It makes a big bend. Itsshape is similar to the horns of a cow. It is vigorous and powerful. People callit "the edge of the horns of a cow". The great wall extends from "niujiaobian"to a place called "Jiankou". Here is a mountain with an altitude of 1044 metersand steep sides. When building the Great Wall, we must pass through the cliffsoutside the top of the mountain, but we can't leave this commanding heightoutside. Obviously, we can't use bricks, stones and wood. So the clevercraftsmen used two big iron beams to support the cliff, and then built bricksand stones on it. This method is extremely rare in the history of theconstruction of the Great Wall.
Originally, the great wall extended to the northeast along the mountain.However, when it reached an enemy tower, it suddenly separated a lot of morethan 1000 meters and opened a new way to the southeast. At the end of themountain, it suddenly stopped. At the end of the mountain, a very strong andmagnificent enemy tower was built. This section of the Great Wall, more than1000 meters long, is known as "the edge of the bald tail". In this way, thegreat wall here forms a landscape of three great walls converging on the firstfloor, and "three extreme views of the dragon". On both sides of the "cattlehorn side" of the Mutianyu Great Wall, there is a section of the great wallcalled "arrow buckle" and "eagle flying upside down". All the walls are built onthe exposed rock cliffs. The slope of the Great Wall is about 50 degrees. Onesection of the wall is nearly 90 degrees, almost vertical, and the steps areonly a few feet wide. The non brave dare not set foot in it.